Critical Appraisal Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Critical Appraisal Assignment

The present essay will critically appraise an article “Impact of a person-centered intervention for patients with head and neck cancer: a qualitative exploration.” The critique will be undertaken by using CASP checklist and principles of evidence-based practices. Furthermore, findings of the article will be implied in clinical practice after analysing whether the paper meets the CASP checklist and evidence-based principles criteria or not.

The essay will discuss Evidence-Based Practices [EBP] and their significance within the nursing and health and social care environment. Furthermore, the rationale behind selection of article will be explained and subsequently, the paper will be critically appraised. Moreover, reflection will be written, and recommendations would be provided.

The article depicted that person-centeredness and transition theory enable healthcare professionals to become more confident during care procedure of individuals impacted by Head and Neck Cancer [HNC] (Koinberg et al, 2018). Patients who are struggling with HNC faces multifaceted health complexities, implication of person-centered intervention and transition theory supports in providing consistent care and relief to patients The article proves to be significant as it is emphasising on person-centred care approach, in healthcare Person-Centred Care [PCC] refers to focusing on the requirements and care needs of patient while emphasising on their preferences. This has been proven effective in meeting the care requirements of patients.

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Discussion

Evidence-based practice and its significance

Evidence Based-Practice explicated as the procedure of integrating authentic research evidences concerned with clinical expertise, scientific research and the patient values. EBP plays crucial role in undertaking significant actions that improves clinical outcomes. It is important to consider EBP as it aligns with authentic evidences that assures improvised patient outcome (Poldrack, Huckins and Varoquaux, 2020). Evidence-Based Nursing [EBN] plays vital role in nursing as it entails with providing holistic and quality care to patient that concerned with up-to-date research, insights and knowledge regardless of traditional methods, personal beliefs and suggestion. It works on the principle of EBP that states that quality decision must be combined with best available evidence and critical thinking. In health and social care environment, EBN aims to assure quality care to patient that meets their needs and preferences (Whitehead and Ferguson, 2020). Service user gets consistent care based on best available evidences and this led to enhance their health outcomes. On the basis of presented information this can be said that, EBP is highly significant in current health and social care environment, it guides healthcare practitioner to consider patient needs at the forefront and accordingly further decision are taken. Therefore, it is important to undertaking evidence-based nursing in clinical setting as it concerned with evidence-based practices which focuses on enhancing patient outcomes.

Rationale for article

The article of Koinberg et al, (2018) is based on the context that states about the influence of person-centred intervention for individuals suffering from HNC. Study indicated that implementing person-centred care during treatment procedure played significant role in developing interaction among nurse, patient, physician and other healthcare professionals and as a result, patient has experienced healthy transitions. PCC led to increase patient engagement and further empowered them to take decision by own. Further, consistent interaction of patient with family members and caregivers supported them to adopt the change and difference during critical moments and transition period. The topic is relevant to clinical practice, by considering the findings implication of PCC can be done in clinical setting specifically for patient struggling with HNC. Individuals who have unhealthy lifestyle has higher chances of HNC, healthcare professionals during PCC develops awareness in patient regarding the ways in which they can maintain healthy lifestyle that contributes in faster recovery. This article has developed significant insights in this area and therefore, it is relevant and valuable for clinical practice.

Critical appraisal by using CASP framework

In accordance with the section A of CASP qualitative checklist it can be said that there was clear statement of aim mentioned within the article (CASP Qualitative Checklist, 2023). Aim of the paper was to explore the patient’s experience concerned with transition and PCC from diagnosis to end of the treatment period of HNC”. Clearly goal of the research was mentioned along with mentioning the importance attributes. In terms of methodology this has been witnessed that, research has followed qualitative method and subsequently, interviews were conducted, there were 12 patients involved who were receiving person-centred intervention (Koinberg et al, 2018). The recruitment of the participants was done via randomised controlled study. Directed content analysis framework used as data analysis approach. The candidates approached in the study was randomised and further author identified the age group within randomisation which led to reduce the chance of biasness. For acquiring deeper insights semi-structured interview was undertaken, one of the significant strengths of the study is that patient was made aware about the research context. This shows that concept of informed consent has been performed and they have often signed consent form. In this manner, researcher focused on developing a mutual understanding and an atmosphere of trust. There was in-depth information mentioned regarding directed deductive content analysis used of evaluating outcomes Thus, it can be said that presented qualitative methodology in the article was appropriate and further author provided justification.

However, there was lack of in-depth description on the procedure of recruiting participants which impacted effectiveness of research design. It is important to analyse the recruitment procedure and rationale behind selection of RCT as a tool for recruitment. An effective piece of evidence provides justification behind each step (Long et al, 2020). Henceforth, it can be said that the study has lacked in this area. The qualitative methodology proves to be appropriate for addressing the aim of study, for analysing the influence of PCC data in theoretical format is essential as allocating numerical data cannot analyse the influence. The experience of patient can only be known via qualitative method and therefore, there is no doubt in stating that, qualitative methodology is appropriate in current research context. The researcher is lacking in providing justification and this is identified as one of the major weaknesses of study.

Primary data was collected via approaching human participants, author mentioned that semi-structure interview was undertaken and accordingly data collected from the participants. In total 12 participants were recruited who were suffering from HNC [Tonsil cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, nasopharynx cancer, and tumour collie]. Seven women and 5 men were approached as participants and interview as undertaken after the completion of treatment procedure. The interview was conducted at the University Hospital in Sweden. Hence, setting for data collection procedure was justified and it was clearly mentioned that in which ways information was collected. There was no modification under the method was undertaken and systematic explanation regarding interview procedure was given in the article.

Ethical relationship between participants and researcher is important as it articulates that researcher has not developed any kind of harm towards candidates during research procedure. Moreover, it specifies that respect and autonomy has been ensured in the research (Long et al, 2020). If any of the participants does not want to respond then their decision requires to be respected. In the study of Koinberg et al, (2018) there was consideration of ethical relationship in the research and there was no harm to participants was done. Furthermore, their views and opinions has been respected which enhanced the efficacy of the research. In the paper, information related to ethics was mentioned and it was clearly stated that confidentiality of the participants maintained throughout the study. Concept of informed consent was performed and accordingly candidates were made aware regarding the research context. Thus, it can be said that there was appropriate information related to methodology section was mentioned. However, the author lacked in justification area in some of the context. Over-all it can depict that article has followed robust guidelines which has met methodological checklist within CASP framework.

Considering the SECTION B OF checklist certain insights related to data analysis has been explored (CASP Qualitative Checklist, 2023). There was in-depth description of the analysis process was mentioned. For analysing the data Directed Deductive Content Analysis was done and by using coding framework subgrouping of the results was done and subsequently, data was presented. The author has done the tabular representation of data and afterwards the themes were summarised. Hence, it can be said that data was presented effectively along with highlighting potential bias and limitations. There was clear statement of the findings and that was explicit, there was sufficient discussion regarding evidences and outcomes were discussed in context of original research question. The outcomes of the study stated that patients who received person centred care has shown improvement in their recovery procedure and also, they felt emotionally connected with service providers (Koinberg et al, 2018). PCC led to empower patient and awareness regarding healthy lifestyle has been developed which contributed in enhancing patient education. The findings have shown that PCC creates positive impact on the patient’s health outcomes who are suffering from HNC.

The study has discussed about the implication of outcomes within nursing practice, it was stated that by using person-centred care practices, patient can be encouraged for shared-decision making process. PCC increases the likelihood of coherent hain in which patients are encouraged and empowered. This supports in enhancing the self-esteem of patients and improves their health outcomes. Thus, it can be depicted that study has significantly shown that evidence-based research can be transmitted into evidence-based practices.

Justification of the findings

Based on the critical appraisal this can be said that findings of the article can be implied in nursing practice as this is specifying about the significance of PCC. From the interview it was identified that patient felt connective and empowered via PCC and due to this they were able to understand their condition (Koinberg et al, 2018). Further, they have discussed varied things with healthcare professionals which led to boost their knowledge. Hence, person centred care for HNC proves to be appropriate, nurses were able to develop interaction with patients and accordingly their resilience capabilities was enhanced. Henceforth, outcomes of the research are robust enough and it can be used in clinical setting for enhancing care outcomes of the patient.

Reflection

From the outcomes, I have become able to know that person-centred care approach promotes shared-decision making and subsequently, mutual understanding can be developed. I will use these findings while interacting with patients in future, I am going to implement person centred practices and accordingly, care and preferences of the patient will be analysed and decision would be taken. In this manner, I will be able to imply evidence-based practices in clinical setting. Hence, there is no doubt in saying that the findings of the article contributed in my professional development as I have developed insights related to implication of PCC. Furthermore, I got to know about the significance of evidence-based practice and its application in clinical setting. Therefore, I will undertake such decisions that are backed up with EBP, this led to enhance the patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Conclusively; this can be said that integration of evidence-based practices enables healthcare professionals to take effective decisions that enhances patient outcomes. The essay has critically reviewed an article and it has been witnessed that the study followed each of the attribute mentioned in CASP checklist. However, there were certain areas such as theoretical information and background in which lack of justification recognised. Apart from this, it can be said that study has effectively presented aim, methodology, ethical consideration, findings and implication of outcomes.

Recommendations

• Implication of person-centred care- In clinical setting PCC should be applied for patients who are suffering from HNC (AbdulRaheem, 2024). This can be implied for other chronic illnesses as well; this supports in improving health outcomes of the patient.
• Empowering patient- It is recommended to healthcare practitioner that they must empower patient specially when they are suffering from chronic complexities (AbdulRaheem, 2024). Empowering them lead to increase their self-esteem and this creates positive impact on the patient recovery process.
• Shared decision making- Nurses must involve patient in shared-decision making and opinions of the service user should be respected (AbdulRaheem, 2024). In this manner, mutual understanding with patient can be developed and consistent support can be ensured to them.

REFERENCES

Books and Journals

• AbdulRaheem, Y., 2024. Statistical Significance versus Clinical Relevance: Key Considerations in Interpretation Medical Research Data. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 49(6), pp.791-795.
• Koinberg, I., Olofsson, E.H., Carlström, E. and Olsson, L.E., 2018. Impact of a person-centered intervention for patients with head and neck cancer: a qualitative exploration. BMC nursing, 17, pp.1-9.
• Long, H.A., French, D.P. and Brooks, J.M., 2020. Optimising the value of the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool for quality appraisal in qualitative evidence synthesis. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences, 1(1), pp.31-42.
• Poldrack, R.A., Huckins, G. and Varoquaux, G., 2020. Establishment of best practices for evidence for prediction: a review. JAMA psychiatry, 77(5), pp.534-540.
• Whitehead, D. and Ferguson, C., 2020. The Significance of Nursing and Midwifery Research and Evidence-Based Practice. Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and Appraisal for Evidence Based Practice, p.1.