The Philosophy of Community Policy (Zina) Assignment Sample

Introduction: Examining Community Policing Strategies and Legislation

The emphasis of community policy is to prevent or restrict the crimes and solve the problems of the community. The belief of the policy is that police as well as the community work together like partners to overcome the challenges that are faced by the society. The present strategy will cover the crime recording approaches including police record crime and Crime Survey for England and Wales, and explain the difference between the two. In addition, it will strengths and weakness of both approaches. Further, the study will outline the influence of the crime on the individual victims and society both in short and long periods. The media cover all events in the country and leads to create the impact on the public perception, the report will highlight the impact on public mind and how the news media create the crime fear which is not real. The report will express the philosophy of community policing and its legalisation. It evaluates the influence of multi-agency policy from the 1997 New Labour Government. The study will furnish local strategy as well as national crime prevention strategy and its success in increasing the safeguarding of community and overcoming fear of crime.

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Section 1:

Recording Crime

In the time of modernisation, the rate of crime is increasing in each country. The Police Act 1996 section 44(2 and 3) express that the Home Secretary requires Chief constable forces in England and Wales to furnish the data of several crimes recorded. The police record crimes using six stages- The police report or record crimes such as public safety and welfare. The police registered the report. The police decide if the crime needs to be recorded according to the evidence. After deciding this, the incident records by a closing code. It provides a short description of the incident. The police record the crime and check that crime records are correct.

The CSEW includes the crimes that are not recorded or reported by the official of police. It is an essential approach to control or monitor the crimes in England and Wales (Blom, and Gash, 2023). This approach is used by the government to analyse and develop the policies for the crime reduction and furnish important information about the changing extent of crime from the past 30 years.

The police record crime and the Crime Survey for England and Wales are different from each other as the police recorded crimes do not include details of unreported crimes. Its reliance on the information of the victims remains more accurate (Buil-Gil, Medina and Shlomo, 2021). The crime survey records a large number of crimes compares to the police figures because it also included unreported crimes. The survey covers new crimes, frauds online as well as traditional crimes.

Strengths and Weakness of Police Record Crime and CSEW

Police recorded crimes

Strengths:

Police recorded data compute act which are considered to be criminal and not stay upon the interpretation of the sufferer. The police recorded crime statistics are gathered by the official agencies of the government each year and is compared with the past years (Buil-Gill, Moretti and Langton, 2021). The police recorded statistics aids in deciding the budgets of policing by forecasting the extent of crime which the police need to deal with in the subsequent year.

Weakness:

Police recorded data leads to change the priorities of the government agencies and some crimes are not be considered as appropriate for the investigation. The police recorded data can be changed to show the decline of crimes to meet the goals of the government. All crimes that occur are not reported to the police officials.

The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW)

Strengths:

It furnishes a better reflection of the correct range of the crime that is felt by the population resident in the family in England and Wales. This approach uses a large sample that is useful in representing the population. It repeated annually while using the same questions and making comparisons of the amount of crime from one year to the next, make it reliable. It collects data according to the perception of people on crime, which makes it helpful in the formation of policy.

Weakness:

It fails to represent victimless crimes, including prostitution and drug use. The answerer in the CSWE may not be aware of the fact that they remain as the sufferer of the crime like frauds.

Section 2:

The Philosophy Of The Community Policy

Impact Of Crime On Victim And Communities

The crime leads to put negative impact on the victim as well as on society for the short and long period. There are various kinds of crimes: assault, robbery, property crime such as burglary, theft and so more. The impact on each victim is different, it vary according to the crime experiences by the individual and community. The crime harms the victim and directly impacts his mental level. The victim may suffer from long-term problems like depression, anxiety. The long term reaction after the crime called traumatic stress disorder (Jonathan et al, 2021). Due to the crime, the victims feel anger, depression, feel isolated, full of fear as well as fell everything negative and cause problem of sleeping disorder. They decline confidence among themselves and fear to do any work. The crime also imposes physical effect on the victim that negatively harms the physical state of the victim. During the crime, the victim is injured in the case of robbery, theft. Sometimes, the injury may be so serious that it creates a situation of life and death for the victim. When the person becomes victim of the criminal activities it leads to detach the person from social life. The person remains afraid from going out of places.

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The crime impacts the communities as well. Due to crime, the community lost trust in each other and feel afraid in each situations. The communities that experience large crimes are adversely impacted because of this, the people become afraid outside and inside their house. For examples- The crime of thefts increases, than the community fear to become as a victim of this crime. Due to this the community fears to do any work (Fohring, 2020). For instance, the violence rise, in short term it impacts the mental health as well as physical appearance. But in the long term, it occurs more mental issues in community as they always feel insecure, depressed and stress. There is long term process to deal with crime with the aid of judiciary systems as well the police activities are also a distributing factor for the victims.

Impact Of News Media On Communities Related To Perceptions Of Crime

The news media is responsible for cover all current events in the country. The main focus of the media is to show various kinds of news like crimes, government announcements, and event occurs in national and international boundaries. The news media includes newspapers, TV journalism and so more. As the work of media is to show accurate information of any event but the media mainly covers the reports that includes sensational and high profile crimes. When the media covers crime rates it impacts the perception of community as this leads to create an image in the minds of people that the crime rate is rapidly increasing. It makes an impression on the communities that crime is more prevalent but actually it is not. Due to this the community starts fearing more. It crate a fear in the public related to become a victims of the crime and because of this, they lost trust in making relationship with any one (Näsi et al, 2021. The media coverage on the crime leads to make a perception in public and influence policymakers. Due to this the government make strict laws and policies based on the emotional reactions that increase the fear more. The continuous showing of crime reporting like violence makes the public deaden and selfish towards the victim of the incident as they feel it is fake.

Thus, the way of portrayed news on crimes and the range of coverage can distorted the public perception and lead to increase the condition of fear, insecurity among the general population. The news media emphasized on providing balance reporting so that the impact can be overcome.

Philosophy Of Community Policy

The community policy is a philosophy that encourages organisational strategies to give back up to the organised use of partnership and the techniques of problem-solving to solve the problems which enhance the issue of public safety including crime, social phobia as well as fear of crime. The main focus is to prevent the crimes in the society and solve the problems of the community. This philosophy is based on the belief that the partnership of police and community leads to the solving of the challenges faced by the society in the current times. There are several benefits of the community policy as the residents of the country have favourable views and image for the police department. There is a better understanding of the requirements of citizens and their expectations related to the police.

There are several laws and legislations that are associated with the community policy. This laws and acts provide guidelines to the police forces to establish rules for criminal activities. This legislation including Criminal Law act 1967 and The police and Criminal Evidence act 1984.

The Criminal Law Act 1967 states that person who has essential information of arrestable person and who agrees to receive consideration in exchange for not disclose the required information to the authorities is held liable for two year punishment of imprisonment.

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984- This act give power to the police to stop and find person or vehicle found in a public place in regards of stolen, the police can detain the person and vehicle for that purpose.

Impacts Of The Multi-Agency Policing Since 1997 New Labor Government

The multi-agency policing is an approach where the police are motivated to promote the multiagency problem solving agency dependent on data collected from several database across municipal departments. The 1997 labour government of United Kingdom has been a root of amendment towards the criminal justice. The multi-agency has a huge impact on the criminal offences along with the motive to be strong on crime along with knowing the reason that leads to crime (Kemshall and Maguire, 2021). The partnership of multi-agency involving police leads to implement rapid collaboration and share the task and responsibilities to support and protect the children's and families at risk. This leads to reduce the rate of crimes in the country, control and prevent number of crimes.

Section 3:

Effectiveness Of Crime Reduction Strategy

The crime reduction strategies require reducing the crimes occurring as well as the harmful effects on the individual and society such as fear of crime. These strategies aids in enhancing and safeguarding the communities in a efficient manner. The strategies assist by declining the opportunity that contributes in increasing crimes.

The local crime prevention strategy aids to prevent the crime, the police coordinate and work with the communities and other agencies to prevent the crimes and remain safe the communities. The one strategy use to prevent the crime is that increasing the attentiveness and presence of the law enforcement officer in the area where high crime rates reported. This can cater as barriers or obstacle to the crime and aids in rapidly respond and address to the incident occurs (Jeffery, 2021). With the help of this strategy the people get confidence in the authority that there is no chance for occurring any crime, this aids people in leaving the life with freedom as well without any fear. The effectiveness of the strategy is sound. It leads to decline the illegal activities in the country like there is decline in theft, robbery, hate crime, assault and so more.

The national crime reduction strategy of the United Kingdom includes Modern Crime Prevention Strategy. The strategy update according to the crime prevention, it builds according to the successes of the past while conducting new research, techniques as well as technology. The strategy establish according to the evidence on the 6 factors of the crime including opportunity, effectiveness of the criminal justice system, character, drugs, profits and alcohol (Modern Crime Prevention Strategy,2024). This strategy prevents the crime by removing and reducing the opportunity to commit it. According to the research, it can be achieve by building an environment that is less producing to crime and prevent the reach to illegal tools and material. This strategy of Modern Crime Prevention emphasis on measures that will prevent the crime by building a positive attributes and leads to increase the ability of the young people of the country to create a good decisions and achieve better and positive outcomes in life. Therefore, by applying this six drives restrict the new challenges as well prevent the traditional crimes (Hubanova et al, 2021). This strategy is effective in increasing the safety of the community as by making aware and educating the public related to crime prevention strategies and by raising the knowledge and awareness of the criminal activity can aid individual to take corrective steps to safeguard themselves as well the communities. With the help of this policy, the country able to reduce crime rates in the country as well as this leads to decrease the fear of people in the country and make a positive and safety environment.

Thus the crime reduction strategy including local and national aids in preventing crimes by effectively measuring the prospective impacts of crime on a victims and within the community or society. This strategy provides safe and secure environment to society. Through this strategy the people of society also benefited as they can live a life with freedom with no fears. This help to make people a good social life where they go anywhere without any hesitation. The strategy is helpful in building confidence among communities as the less crime enables individual to trust other people. This leads to create an positive environment.

Conclusion

The community policy refers to the philosophy that contributes in the strategies that support the use of partnership and problem-solving techniques, leads to address the situations that give rise to the issues related to public safety like crime, social phobia and so more. In the present study, the report explained the two approaches mainly police record crimes and Crime Survey for England and Wales, this approach used to record crime. It also stated the difference and strengths and weaknesses of both. It covered the impact of crime on victims and communities as due to crime, victim become stresses and depressed that affects them for long period of time. Further, the report outlined the influence of news media on the perceptions of people related to crime as the continuous and more reporting increase fear in peoples.

The report highlighted the philosophy of community policing with its associated legislations such as The Criminal Law Act, The Police and Criminal Evidence Act. As the multi-agency is helpful in reducing crime, the report covered the impacts of multi-agency policing. The study also stated the local strategy like increasing presence of police officers as well as the national crime reduction strategy including Modern crime prevention. Thus, this strategy plays essential role in increasing safety of community and decreasing crimes.

References

Books And Journals

• Blom, N. and Gash, V., 2023. Measures of violence within the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Survey and the Crime Survey for England and Wales: an empirical assessment. Social Sciences, 12(12), p.649.
• Buil-Gil, D., Medina, J. and Shlomo, N., 2021. Measuring the dark figure of crime in geographic areas: Small area estimation from the crime survey for England and Wales. The British Journal of Criminology, 61(2), pp.364-388.
• Buil-Gil, D., Moretti, A. and Langton, S.H., 2021. The accuracy of crime statistics: Assessing the impact of police data bias on geographic crime analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, pp.1-27.
• Choi, K. and Lee, J.L., 2021. Citizen participation in community safety: a comparative study of community policing in South Korea and the UK. In The Rise of Comparative Policing (pp. 52-72). Routledge.
• Fohring, S., 2020. The risks and rewards of researching victims of crime. Methodological Innovations, 13(2), p.2059799120926339.
• Hubanova, T., Shchokin, R., Hubanov, O., Antonov, V., Slobodianiuk, P. and Podolyaka, S., 2021. Information technologies in improving crime prevention mechanisms in the border regions of southern Ukraine. Journal of Information Technology Management, 13(Special Issue: Role of ICT in Advancing Business and Management), pp.75-90.
• Jeffery, C.R., 2021. Crime Prevention. Through Environmental Design (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1971).
• Jonathan, O.E., Olusola, A.J., Bernadin, T.C.A. and Inoussa, T.M., 2021. Impacts of crime on socio-economic development. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 12(5), p.71.
• Kemshall, H. and Maguire, M., 2021. Public protection, partnership and risk penality: The multi-agency risk management of sexual and violent offenders. In Governing Risks (pp. 319-346). Routledge.
• Näsi, M., Tanskanen, M., Kivivuori, J., Haara, P. and Reunanen, E., 2021. Crime news consumption and fear of violence: The role of traditional media, social media, and alternative information sources. Crime & Delinquency, 67(4), pp.574-600.

Online

• Modern Crime Prevention Strategy. 2024. Online. Available through: < https://www.empac.org.uk/learning-centre/modern-crime-prevention-strategy-home-office-march-2016/>>