TNA5003 Essentials Research Innovative Practice Assignment Sample

Introduction Of TNA5003 Essentials Research Innovative Practice Assignment

The purpose of this study to investigate the contribution to the improvement of quality of services and therefore the quality of life of patients in cardiovascular management will address the principles of EBP.

Nursing associates to monitor the health state of their patients, paying special attention to the changes in cardiac functions, which may become fatal at once, commonly apply ECG. ECG equipment has not remained a static tool; advanced models are now available in the market that can work and provide many more features like wireless connectivity and better data storage and analysis in real time; which makes them more valuable in any health care (Guasti et al. 2022). Showing how ECG machines link with EBP or evidence-based practice means explaining the use of the latest research and clinical practice protocols in supporting the use of these machines in patient care. Research-based practice is now the key part of the contemporary nursing profession to incorporate the best evidence with the knowledge and patient preferences. Registered nursing associates require competence in EBP, particularly for the safe delivery of care as postured by the NMC or Nursing and Midwifery Council. This study specializes in ECG machines.

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ECG or Electrocardiogram machines are well known to be reliable tools used in health care for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases. ECG can be used as a diagnostic tool to acquire electrical activity of the heart, which includes diagnosing arrhythmias, ischemia, or myths without the necessity of invasive procedures (Shepherd et al. 2015). Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the cause of many deaths in different parts of the world, meaning detection of the diseases at early stages is very important. ECG machines that produce valuable real-time data, which can serve as a critical input in treatment processes at that stage as well as in the long-term patient care plan, support this process.

Primary Study Review

Study Design

The selected article ‘‘Low-volume high-intensity interval training in a gym setting improves cardio- metabolic and psychological health’’, presents the effects of HIT or high-intensity interval training on cardio metabolic health and psychological health. This research used an RCT or randomized controlled trial method, which is an elite method of executing randomized clinical studies to compare the efficiency of an intervention. In this case, the RCT pointed out the results of the low-volume HIT as against moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). In this study, participants were assigned to HIT or MICT groups based on random selection to help reduce biases and confounding factors that exist in the external environment (Czerny et al. 2020). This design makes it possible to eliminate any impacts of extraneous variables and pin the observed outcomes to the intervention being researched on.

Figure 1: Flow Chart of the study design

The study design is suitable for evaluating the effects of various exercise types on health because it provides the means to compare the time-effort aspects of HIT capable of eliciting higher levels of effort in less time with MICT which, though more time-consuming, offers only moderate effort. This approach is particularly relevant to the research question on ECG machines because cardiovascular health improvements, as captured by exercise interventions, depend on ECG analysis to determine the success of such interventions. Identifying the effectiveness of health interventions such as using ECG machines for monitoring changes in heart health over time can be done well through randomized controlled trials.

The study took place in a gym with the cooperation of the trainers, which might have provided experimental situations different from those in clinical practice. All the participants were young and initially healthy and did not have cardiovascular diseases, and thus the results cannot be generalized to people with increased cardiovascular risk, which are often examined with ECG machines (Moons et al. 2023). This highlights the question as to what similar results might be found in clinical studies that involve using ECG machines for diagnostic and/ or monitoring purposes in patients with pre-existing conditions.

Ethics

As antecedent in the article, the University of Birmingham Research Ethics Committee approved the study procedures. This approval made certain that the study was ethical and in compliance with regulations that are of extremity in observing voluntarism, which is one of the most vital ethical prerequisites and demanded the participants’ informed consent. The idea of informed consent is important, as its purpose is to make participants aware of the specifics of the research, the treatment they are going to receive and the possible advantages or disadvantages of such interventions (Bouzid et al. 2022). The authors ensured that they highlighted the risk of the study to its participants since the HIT programmer is very intensive meaning that participants could be at risk of sustaining cardiovascular problems despite undergoing an ECG before being included in the study.

Figure 2: VO2max response to HIT and MICT

Ethics are very relevant in the course of the research when addressing the research question concerning ECG machines. ECG machines are commonly employed in general practice to diagnose and assess patients for risk of cardiovascular disease. This complies with ethical concerns since no participant was exposed to undue risk of complications during high-intensity exercises through ECG screening inclusion in the study. This screening procedure has a direct linkage to the application and usage of ECG machines in clinical practice because healthcare providers do not want to use any tool that can endanger the life of the patient. Further, other ethical considerations relate to patients’ self-governance, their consent to use the ECG machines as well as their privacy.

The authors of the study also re-considered the issue of participant identification and anonymized data collected as well as the results, which should not be presented concerning a specific individual (Yavorsky and Panchenko, 2022). This is especially the case in applying the use of ECG machines in health care where handling of the patient’s health data is a sensitive issue and being consistent with ethics of handling such data and aspects of the patient’s privacy.

Sample

For this study, the sample comprised 90 participants between the ages of 18 and 60 years from a university and hospital. Participants in the study were divided into groups based on age, sex, and BMI ratio and the investigator ensured the ratio of participants in both the HIT and MICT were similar in as much as their age, sex, BMI rations and health aspects are concerned (Wang et al. 2022). In a way, the researchers partitioned the participants believing that, in so doing, sources of variability, which could distort results, should be minimized to achieve validity of results. The stratification process also made it possible for the study to assess the impacts of exercise interventions on diverse ages and genders to understand the potential generality of the declared outcomes.

However, the results have been gathered using a sample and thus the following limitations are identified. All the participants were fit, sedentary, and free from cardiovascular and metabolism diseases (Uchmanowicz et al. 2020). This means that this study’s results cannot be easily implemented in populations that are in clinical settings where ECG machines are used most frequently in patients with cardiovascular risks or existing heart diseases. While understanding how the use of HIT can enhance the cardiovascular health of a general population has its merits, this study does not offer a perspective on the applicability of these findings on patients who require constant ECG supervision for conditions such as arrhythmia, ischemia, or myocardial infarction.

Figure 3: Oral glucose tolerance test responses

From this perspective, the current study involved 90 participants, making the study sample comparatively small, and raising the population validity concerns. A limitation to this study may be the relatively small sample size, which may have limited the ability of the study to detect even smaller differences that may nevertheless be clinically relevant in the comparison of HIT and MICT. This limitation is important when analyzing each variable for the research question regarding ECG machines, to evaluate the accuracy of ECG machines in different clinical populations, including patients with different kinds of cardiovascular problems.

Data Collection and Data Analysis

The process of data collection in this study integrated several measures. Before the commencement of the intervention, each participant received a test to assess his or her cardiovascular fitness, termed maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). They also underwent blood pressure assessment, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis (Jiménez-Serrano et al. 2022). Since the present study aimed at analyzing the changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles of participants before and after the 10-week intervention, these tests were conducted at both baseline and post-intervention stages. Further, a subjective index was calculated to quantify the notion of health, mood profile, and vigour by administering standard questionnaires.

Mixed-design ANOVA was applied to analyze the time-course effects of HIT and MICT and thus VO2max, insulin sensitivity, and psychological well-being were improved significantly in both groups. The improvement was achieved using a lower time commitment in the HIT group than in the MICT group, which means that HIT is an effective intervention promoting better health in sedentary individuals. This is related to the research questions concerning the ECG on machines because the enhanced cardiovascular health that was established in the study could be measured including assessment through ECG machines in clinical practice (Keikhosro Kiani and Kamaruddin, 2022). There is an added advantage because ECG machines are usually used in connection with cardiovascular fitness while conducting similar exercise tests such as the one done in this study to determine the VO2 max.

The study lacked follow-up tests that would confirm whether the changes witnessed during the 10 weeks of intervention would be permanent. This is crucial especially in the utilization of ECG because chronically ill cardiovascular patients may require extended monitoring after interventional management for evaluation of synchrony in their clinical improvement. Long-term studies are missing to be able to generalize the results to clinical chronic care settings assuming continuous ECG recording for patients’ management.

Key Findings

The studies analyzed in this paper show that HIT and MICT led to enhancements in cardiovascular endurance, insulin sensitivity and psychological well-being; however, the results suggest that HIT might be more efficient since equal improvements in fitness levels were reached in less exercise time than with MICT. The HIT group experienced enhancements in VO2 max, insulin sensitivity, and a decrease in abdominal fat mass as well as favorable changes in blood lipids (Chen et al. 2022). Further, the HIT group showed an improvement in self-rated health and physical health as well as positive affect and vitality. These results provide evidence for using HIT to enhance the cardiovascular and metabolic health of sedentary people.

This is important in connection to the research question on ECG machines because enhancements in heart health including increased VO2 max and decreased blood pressure are habits frequently diagnosed with ECG equipment in a clinical environment. ECG machines record immediate changes in heart function in response to the instituted interventional forms such as HIT. The emphasis of the study on cardiovascular outcomes demonstrates how ECG machines could be used to assess the effectiveness of such interventions in routine healthcare delivery environments especially among patients with cardiovascular risks.

Figure 4: Subject characteristics, body composition, exercise capacity and cardiovascular-related outcomes before and after HIT or MICT

HIT or MICT events are not likely to cause arrhythmias, but in clinical practice using ECG machines, patients with cardiovascular diseases are often continuously monitored and the effects of HIT or MICT on patients with previously diagnosed heart ailments, who may require continuous ECG monitoring, is not clear (Lüscher et al. 2024). The findings that HIT could potentially enhance cardiovascular health; however, the usage of HIT for the populations using ECG machines for heart monitoring requires additional investigation.

Recommendations for Practice

Integration of ECG Monitoring in High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) Programs for At-Risk Cardiovascular Patients

The first suggestion is the immediate application of ECG monitoring to HIT programs for cardiovascular patients with risk factors (Santala et al. 2021). Lowering blood pressure and fat mass are the most reported benefits of the type mainly observed in healthy sedentary populations. More dangerous for those with cardiovascular diseases that can potentially increase with HIT; they may suffer from arrhythmias or ischemia and thus require ECG monitoring (Sachdeva et al. 2023). ECG feedback would tell how the patient’s heart reacts to certain intensities that would enable the creation of new exercise regimens based on the heart function and fitness of a patient. To implement ECG monitoring, the Lewin Change Management Model can be applied in three phases: unfreezing, changing and refreezing. During the unfreezing stage, everybody including shareholders, patients, and caregivers needs to make them understand the essence of ECG monitoring in HIT for the vulnerable patient groups.

Figure 5: Primary and secondary preservation of Cardiovascular disease

The changing stage involves placing ECG machines in exercise facilities and educating the practitioners on how to interpret the results to dawn early cardiovascular complications (Ahsan and Siddique, 2022). The refreezing stage, where ECG monitoring would be an integrated feature of the HIT programs through clinical guidelines and protocol revision. This will form an embedding basis that will receive constant feedback from both the healthcare professionals and the patients hence making the practice effective to the wearer and sustainable. Challenges to the proposal entail; the costs of buying ECG machines and the time it takes the health care staff to be trained. Some of the small clinics may not afford this technology or even do not encounter a sufficient number of cardiovascular patients to make the investment worth it.

Figure 6: Optimizing outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation

To counter these difficulties, organizing procurement in cooperation with ECG manufacturers would help to obtain equipment at a lower price or use leasing. Hospitals might obtain a grant or get the government to fund the expenses of purchasing ECG machines. Education could be integrated into the current professional development activities and thus create awareness among the health care providers and patients.

Incorporating Patient Education on ECG and Cardiovascular Health in Exercise Programs

The second recommendation is to provide ‘Patient education related to ECG monitoring and cardiovascular activities’ in HIT programs. Thus, HIT is effective for cardiovascular health, but many patients have no idea how to track their heart state during the training (Calcagno et al. 2024). Since patients can read about ECG machines and the need to keep high track of their heart function, they will be more involved with their treatment. Such education may promote exercise programme compliance among patients because they will comprehend the purpose of heart monitoring in minimizing risk during HIT.

Some of the key areas that may be imperative during patient education may include the way ECG machines work, what features characterize heart activity data and such symptoms that qualify for cardiovascular complications during exercises such as chest pain or dizziness. Informing the patients of such signs would help to increase safety while undergoing HIT because the patients would not fail to seek medical assistance in case of the mentioned symptoms.

Figure 7: Cariodic adaptation and approach

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Change demonstrates how the patient education process is executable. This model outlines five stages: stages namely pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. First, during the pre-contemplation stage, the patients may not appreciate the need for ECG monitoring. It is imperative that healthcare providers ensure that the public is well informed with regard to the benefits and vice versa of HIT for cardiovascular health during this phase.

During the contemplation and preparation stages, patients start to appreciate the need for heart monitoring and then start to factor in on the exercises. Clinicians can organize a seminar or one-to-one sessions to make patients understand ECG machines and how they can monitor heart issues (Haleem et al. 2021). HIT exercise sessions are characterized by monitoring the ECG data of the patients themselves; they disclose the data to their healthcare providers so that they can adjust the intensity of the activity.

The maintenance stage then addresses how to keep those behaviours going throughout the long term. While dealing with health issues, healthcare providers should ensure that patients frequently check their heart diseases and consult with the practitioners. The use of ECG data requires patients to periodically revisit their ECG results while they engage in HIT programs.

Challenges to patient education are as follows; there is often limited time to teach the patient during consultations or another exercise. In addition, there might be cases when the patients get lost with so much technical information that they opt out of the process. Healthcare providers may also have limited capabilities or tools with which to effectively educate patients about ECGs.

Figure 8: Cardiac rehabilitation

To overcome these barriers, straightforward forms of knowledge transfer tools including brochures, videos or mobile applications should be created and distributed. Such information materials can be given during health care visits or exercise sessions so that the patients can take their time in understanding something. Restructuring the educational information and making it easier for the patient to understand can enhance patients’ compliance with cardiovascular needs and how to monitor their heart.

The addition of ECG monitoring and patient education to HIT programs shows the potential to improve the safety and effectiveness of high-intensity exercise for patients with cardiovascular diseases. They say that structured education puts constant monitoring of the heart, the cardiovascular risk will be effectively handled and at the same time enhance the general fitness of both the professional caregivers and the patients.

Conclusion

The study shows that high-intensity interval training was depicted as beneficial in enhancing cardiovascular and metabolic health. HIT revealed enhancements in VO2 max, Insulin Sensitivity and a decrease in the valuable fat for cardiovascular risks. Yet, as far as the healthy, sedentary participants are concerned, the applicability of the study findings to clinical nursing practice is rather evident when patients with established cardiovascular disease are taken into account. ECG technology incorporated into such exercise programs improves patient safety in the course of exercise and care delivery by providing an uninterrupted assessment of the heart function and screening for adverse effects because of physical exertion.

These are Findings and Recommendations on strategies that require the integration of ECG monitoring in HIT programs and patient awareness of cardiovascular health. If used correctly ECG Machines are a very useful tool in the nursing practice, especially when diagnosing and managing cardiovascular conditions. Being the key driving force of the health sector, nursing associates hold overarching responsibilities for performing ECG monitoring and explaining results to the patients. Such actions prevent adverse events while exercising by providing timely intervention to patients to increase long-term cardiovascular health.

While developing the connection between ECG technology and the daily practice of nursing, the concern is raised for the re-current education of practicing healthcare professionals. Nursing associates need to be skilled in ECG equipment, in the interpretation of the data displayed and in explaining that a patient's heart condition could be monitored, and possibly managed. The adaptation of these recommendations lays the basis of risk-free and better-grasped cardiovascular health thus underlining the significance of ECG technology in actual patient care and overall healthcare outcomes in hospital complexes.

Assessment 2: Poster

Introduction

ECG is a common diagnostic tool in the healthcare system with usage of identifying the electrical conductivity of the heart. It aids in identifying different heart disorders such as arrhythmias, ischemia and myocardial infarction by recording the rhythms. This non-invasive technology is essential in both emergency care and standard patient evaluations providing the clinician immediate information about the patient’s heart condition. In the clinical setting, ECG machines apply even in cases such as in ICU, emergency, and outpatient departments. The alarming and still constantly growing global mortality and morbidity rates due to cardiovascular diseases only call for the universality of ECG technology for timely diagnosis. The fact that heart activity can be continuously and fully observed means that timely and precise decisions can be made in patients’ treatment. The ability of the ECG tools, especially portable ECG machines and ones that connect wirelessly, makes them even more useful. These bring the capability of monitoring patients earlier, thus enhancing convenience as a model of treatment, especially in areas where there are few healthcare facilities. By linking ECG data to the patient’s digital health records, information sharing is enhanced making the management of the patient a cohesive process out of which the patient benefits.

Rationale

ECG technology improves the mode of delivering services based on the efficient diagnosis of cardiac illnesses, therefore, propelling a better-performing patient’s health. Another major strength of ECG machines is the real-time monitoring aspect of heart activity, which is very important in intensive care and emergency medicine (Finocchiaro et al. 2020). Early detection of arrhythmias, ischemic events and other heart diseases will help to reduce the emergence of complications and in some instances; the heart diseases will prove fatal. For example, in the emergency department, the old information brought about by the ECG can give a quick clue about whether the patient requires necessitate, for example, defibrillation, thrombolysis or catheterization.

There can be no doubt of the importance that ECG machines hold when it comes to routine monitoring and chronic diseases. Arrhythmia and other heart failure patients, for instance, can be asymptomatic yet have a progressive cardiovascular disease requiring routine ECG surveillance to monitor disease status and progress (Shu et al. 2021). Research indicates that constant ECG in such patients decreases the possibilities of suffering a stroke or has a worsening of heart failure because doctors can track heart function regularly. Since abnormal heart rhythms are identified at an early stage, patients may likely be treated before hospitalization or invasive processes become inevitable.

Figure 9: The use of the ECG machine

As for services, it is also important to highlight that ECG technology brings improvement to the efficiency of the healthcare system's delivery. Since portable and handheld ECG devices can be used at the bedside, admission for patients to specific diagnosis units can be minimized. This is especially helpful in tight environments such as home care or a community health center. Also, systems of wireless ECG can allow monitoring of patients without direct contact with them, which is helpful for people living in rural areas who cannot visit the clinic regularly.

Another development is the embracing of ECG integrated with Electronic Health Records (EHRs) which has enhanced service delivery (Lih et al. 2020). The acquired data can be easily captured in digital ECG computers while the machine can transmit them to the patient’s EHR in a real-time manner, thus enabling care providers to retrieve, compare and refer to previous data. The coordination thereby promotes extended patient care since clinicians can make better decisions when they have more information on the patient. Shared decision-making is another aspect that benefits from the existence of disposition reports because as different members of a single health care team including cardio specialists, nurses and primary care physicians access. Analyzing the same information, the chances of the patient getting a uniform care plan from all the doctors who are treating him/her is very high (Faruk et al. 2021). It is also important that ECG machines play a role in preventive health care too. Through annual check-ups for patients who are predisposed to heart disease by factors including diabetes, hypertension or a family history of heart disease, it is possible to note possible signs of heart problems. This early identification is important to stage treatment measures that could potentially slow down this disease or even halt it, for example through modifications of the patients’ diets, use of medications or surgery. Public utilities to reduce healthcare expenditures should be well practiced since early diagnosis is often cheaper and has higher success rates than late-stage cardiovascular diseases.

Figure 10: Novel medical devices for early detection of cardiovascular disease

In clinical research, it has been shown that ECG interpretation in quick time is crucial when the patient is in the proper care sector and helps in lowering the mortality from myocardial infarction and other related heart attacks (Khan et al. 2021). For example, the use of ECG as some of the measures that should be taken immediately when a patient presents symptoms of a heart problem and chest pains as well. It has for instance been observed that simply delivering diagnoses of conditions, accompanied by ECG monitoring for treatment, can greatly enhance the chances of survival.

The integration of ECG technology in outpatient care enhances the overall prognosis of a patient’s chronic health status by affording continuous tracking of the condition. Research has also shown that patients with hypertension, who had ECG check-ups done frequently, had optimal control of cardiovascular ailment, less frequent admissions and enhanced standards of living (Wasimuddin et al. 2020). Currently, ambulatory ECG monitors including Holter monitors are well established in cardiology and offer continuous monitoring over long periods to help with the modifications of the patient’s treatment. ECG technology contributes not only to urgent service provision in acute care contexts but also enables better handling of long-term diseases and professional primary and secondary prevention. Its primary role of offering real-time accurate information on heart activity is an effective way of assisting healthcare practitioners deliver the best in the lives of patients by making evidence-based decisions.

Evaluation

The benefits of the ECG technology for patients however are exceptional in that it helps to diagnose patients more accurately, monitor their conditions better and help the clinician to provide better diagnosis. The earliest abnormality of heart and other related cardiovascular complications can well be noted through ECG machines and so can proper intervention be made (Jiménez-Serrano et al. 2022). This capability is necessary for acute illnesses where one can develop myocardial infarction, new and uncontrolled arrhythmia or any additional more severe problems.

Figure 11: Current and Future Use of AI in Electrocardiography

In acute care settings, it is easy to monitor a patient's heart rate and function constantly by constantly monitoring the ECG. This is critical to pick up early slow changes that are indicative of the conditions getting worse and allowing clinical intervention. For example, patients with complaints like chest pain could have ECG machines attached to them so that in case any signs of ischemia are detected, then it is a heart attack (Khanna et al. 2023). This is advantageous as ECG monitoring enables fast response to be made with enhanced morbidity and mortality from cardiac events being prevented.

Technology in ECG forms a significant instrument in the handling of chronic cardiovascular disease patients. Continuous ECG helps in chronic evaluation of heart health in patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure diseases. The conventional close follow-up of these patients indeed helps the clinicians, who look for clinical signs of deterioration so that they initiate proper modifications in the management plan of the patients such as a change in medications or suggesting additional investigations. This not only keeps patients from being admitted to the hospital but also lowers the general trend of cardiovascular diseases within a population (Bouzid et al. 2022).

Mobile and Wireless ECG machines are new additions to this technology, which has spread the use of this equipment to a much broader level of patient care. Bedside ECGs shorten the period needed to move patients to diagnostic wards, especially in emergency, intensive care situations. This is especially so because many of these patients belong to the rural or underserved population for whom access to the very best diagnostic equipment is not always possible. Mobile ECG units will help extend services from central or large hospitals to other areas hence such patients will be attended to on time as envisaged in the concept of equity in health.

A few of the wireless systems also facilitate remote monitoring of patients through their homes or other non-clinical environments. This technology is most useful in patients who need constant observation, though they are not in the hospital, for example, those who are once in a while admitted to the hospital, had surgery or have long-term illnesses. Tt enhances the quality of patients since clinicians are constantly able to monitor patients’ heart functions and respond to abnormalities without the need for the patient to attend health facilities. This reduces the number of times a patient has to visit the healthcare facility, improves patient satisfaction and decreases cases of hospitalized health costs.

However, there are some disadvantages to using ECG technology There are however some drawbacks of ECG technology (Sadad et al. 2022). However, ECG data present another major problem for the ecosystem, that of interpreting ECG data. Even though ECG machines help give detailed information on the function of the heart, very much rely on the professional who is interpreting the machine results. Inaccurate perceptions may lead to the wrong diagnosis and such a condition is likely to lead wrong treatment. Therefore, it brings into sharp focus the practices that call for effective and constant training of healthcare practitioners, especially the Nursing Associates who, more often than not, are first to perform and interpret ECG in a clinical setting.

Figure 12: Real-life application of AI for ECG analysis

To the smallest healthcare facilities, including those in developing countries, the price is likely going to be out of their reach and this in a way might slow down cardiovascular diagnostic techniques (Jahmunah et al. 2021). Moreover, the use of ECG machines also has its drawbacks, for instance, since the machines have to be constantly monitored and calibrated with accuracy this can be expensive for a healthcare provider. Another problem is the patient’s adherence to the treatment since patients wearing ambulatory ECGs in outpatient departments have to wear the device for long periods (Ahsan and Siddique, 2022). This may be a result of discomfort that some patients develop with the devices, or the inconvenience of wearing them and therefore, patients do not adhere to this by using them fully for the duration that they should. It is key area where healthcare personnel to ensure that the patients understand the value of ECG monitoring as also how this input helps them as patients.

Conclusion

ECG has continued to be a key area of cardiovascular practice, offering invaluable information that hence leads to enhanced diagnostic success rates as well as improved patient prognosis. This aspect alone where the system can provide real-time, continuous monitoring is extremely beneficial in both the acute care, and chronic care compartments. The addition of ECG data to digital health platforms improves its application since it provides an integrated solution for a complete and systematic approach to care delivery across health informant bodies. ECG technology still presents certain challenges, and to get the best out of this technology, healthcare systems should consider the following tasks. This includes a surge in ensuring sufficient training to healthcare providers especially the nursing associates on ECG reading with the view of improving the misdiagnose rate of patients. The development of compact, easy-to-use ECG devices should enhance availability and adherence to guidelines, and therefore increase the occurrence of early diagnosis in community practices.

Recommendations for future development and use of ECG technology include:

1. Creating AI-mediated ECG analysis applications to improve diagnostics and assist practitioners.
2. Telemedicine solutions, applying distant ECG monitoring into their practice to enhance access to care in rural and unserved regions.
3. Communicating ECG results with wireless devices for constant surveillance of patients at high risk to receive early management.
4. The expansion of ECG data likeness so that diverse healthcare systems and devices may communicate seamlessly.

Reference List

Journals

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