Unit 1 Managing Innovation And Change In Computing Assignment Sample

Task 1 -Unit 1 Managing Innovation And Change In Computing

Explore the difference between innovation and change management

Innovation and change management are two different processes that commonly overlap but that have different purposes within a company (Bartosova et al., 2023). Innovation is mainly the process of generating new ideas which can create new value. This could be in the form of creating a new product, a new service or a new process through which the operations of a firm or its competitive advantage is shifted. It is defined by innovation, which is combined with the element of delivering new solutions that may challenge the competition (Bartosova et al., 2023). For instance, the new product that changed the face of mobile phones was the iPhone by Apple, which brought new standards for mobile phones.

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Figure 1: Change and innovation

(Source: Moreira, de Aquino Guimarães and Philippe, 2016)

On the other hand, change management is a planned process to reposition people, teams, and organizations from the existing state to the ideal state (Phillips and Klein, 2022). As much as innovation would create new concepts, change management focuses on executing changes that may be brought about by innovation and ensuring that they take root in the organization without much disruption (Etareri, 2022). It concerns anticipation, relaying of information, preparation for action, as well as encouragement to reduce as much as possible resistance and increase as much as possible appreciation. By adopting the best practices for change management, the new change is adopted within the organization while disturbing the organisational fabric as little as possible (Etareri, 2022). Specifically, innovation deals more with the concept of change and the change itself, while change management details its implementation.

Key Differences

Evaluate the organisational benefits of utilising innovation and change

The management and use of innovation and change within an organization have numerous advantages that could improve an organisation’s performance considerably and position it within the marketplace (Rumanti, Rizana and Achmad, 2023). First of all, one can note that the achievement and maintenance of competitive advantage result from the creation of novelties, as this makes it possible to offer the consumer exclusive goods and services which competitors do not offer. Such differentiation can result in an expanded market share as well as the development of a customer base that is loyal (Rumanti, Rizana and Achmad, 2023). For instance, the electric car and the self-driving car make Tesla a pioneer company in the automobile business.

Further, both the ideas related to innovations as well as change management, lead to enhanced efficiency and rise in productivity (Surya et al., 2021). This is because by getting rid of unnecessary links in the chain, automating some activities and enhancing operations, organizations can be able to offer their services and products at a lower price while attaining higher sales (Surya et al., 2021). For instance, the implementation of cloud resources results in better management of data resources, which in turn facilitates the decision-making process and causes a decrease in overheads for cross-functional teams.

Investigate the types of computing changes that can occur in an organisation.

Organizations encounter countless computing changes due to technological developments. Cloud computing is one of the more noticeable ones; it provides resources on demand and flexibility for organisations (Bello et al., 2020). Businesses can blaze a path from on-premises data centre services to cloud services so as to refine the storage, computation, and access to data (Bello et al., 2020). It also helps improve the continuity of the business process and minimizes the requirement for investment in hardware.

Figure 2: Achieving Operational Excellence Through Artificial Intelligence

(Source: Tariq, Poulin and Abonamah, 2021)

Another computing change pertains to artificial intelligence and machine learning system integration (Khan, Ali and Nazir, 2022). These technologies can perform intensive and technical tasks, enabling qualitative decision-making from data analysis and even improving clients’ experience with the help of artificial intelligence chatbots and recommendations. For instance, in the manufacturing industry AI can be utilised in the prediction of equipment failure through data analysis of the equipment (Khan, Ali and Nazir, 2022). Another breakthrough is the mobile computing area, which reshapes organisations’ opportunities to manage the mobility of the workforce and interact with customers. Smartphones as applications are vital tools for salespersons, clients, and managers due to the availability of information through the permits.

Analyse the potential risks of innovation and change.

As marvellous as innovation and change seem, these two concepts are not devoid of dangers that can harm an organization of immense proportions (Dash et al., 2019). It implies that innovation entails potential risks, such as financial, because innovative ideas may cost a lot of money to implement, but the returns are not always clear (Dash et al., 2019). Some of these include: Moreover, if the effectiveness of the innovation is not as planned, this would result in pressure on the financial resources compared to the initially planned amount due to budget overruns and misappropriation of resources.

Another important risk or threat is resistance to change. The use of new technologies and or processes could make the employees feel challenged and threatened hence, they work harder to develop their expertise in the same technology, hence lowering morale and productivity. Such resistance may be attributed to factors such as having apprehension about change, or simple ignorance, or even self-interest in losing their jobs (Dash et al., 2019). This risk may be managed through good communication and training factors that are major components of change management.

Evaluate the possible impacts of change to organisations

Positive Impacts

Improved Efficiency and Productivity

The Centre of Change postulates that change results in implementing new technologies and procedures, making work easier (Montero Guerra, Danvila-del-Valle and Méndez Suárez, 2023). This can in fact lead to better efficiency, getting things done in a shorter time and with a smaller number of inputs (Montero Guerra, Danvila-del-Valle and Méndez Suárez, 2023). For example, automating the inventory management system decreases the number of errors and free time of the employees, who can devote it to something more important.

Enhanced Competitiveness

Taken together with the innovativeness principle, change provides organisations with ways and means of making themselves more competitive by implementing techniques or changing their ways that are different from those of rivals (Kurtmollaiev, Lervik-Olsen and Andreassen, 2022). This could involve product development, the expansion into new geographical areas, or acquiring productivity-enhancing technologies such as customer relationship management. For example, an organization that implements e-commerce capabilities ought to be able to sell its products to and which compete with new-generation e-commerce players.

Increased Employee Engagement

This forms the rationale for organizational change, as positive change initiatives such as culture change or professional development often result in the engagement and enhanced satisfaction of human capital (Kurtmollaiev, Lervik-Olsen and Andreassen, 2022). When employees have developed a perception that their efforts towards the organization are appreciated and that the organization is liberal, they will work harder.

Negative Impacts

Disruption of Operations

The change process alters the normal organizational working in that there is usually a break in the normal working in an organization, hence losing productivity for some time (Khaw et al., 2022). Subprocesses can take time to get familiar with new systems, and there might be a slowdown in the process.

Resistance from Employees

Too often, employees resist changes because they are comfortable with the current change and want to avoid the new one (Khaw et al., 2022). This resistance can manifest in low organizational morale, refusal to change, and outright sabotage that hampers the change process.

Increased Costs

It becomes evident that costs associated with change frequently give rise to massive expenditures on issues such as new technology, staff education, and new methods of working (Errida and Lotfi, 2021). If not controlled properly, these costs may end up as the prices of the projects and thus exert pressure on their financial aspects.

Assess how innovation is crucial to business success

Driving Competitive Advantage

Innovation is a key activity that produces and sustains competitive advantages (Kuncoro and Suriani, 2018). Through product or service specialization, the organization can distinguish itself and operate in a separate segment from other competitors, hence gaining more market share (Kuncoro and Suriani, 2018). For instance, Apple made a difference in design and functionality with iPhones, which made the firm a leader in the smartphone market.

Enabling Market Expansion

Entrepreneurship, creating new products and new forms of doing business, means that an organisation can penetrate new markets and cover new audiences (Nikiforou, Dencker, and Gruber, 2019). This is important for growth and may lead to a huge source of revenue. One perfect example is Netflix, which in the past year focused on the DVD rental market, but when new opportunities arose for multimedia streaming, they expanded to global markets and changed the entire sphere of entertainment.

Improving Operational Efficiency

Novelty can be defined as a means through which new ideas are generated in the course of producing a good or service, which helps in cutting down expenses or increasing the effectiveness of productive use of resources (Nikiforou, Dencker and Gruber, 2019). Applying high technologies to the production or automation of everyday processes can provide time for primary work and save resources. A good example of innovation focused on the process is Toyota’s Kaizen philosophy, which is an approach to making slow and steady improvements on the various processes in an organization to achieve higher levels of services and quality (Suárez Barraza, Rodríguez González and Miguel Dávila, 2018).

Task 2

Analyse the importance of managing change effectively and the consequences of poor management of innovation and change

In today’s competitive business environment, when organizational change is inevitable, efficient management of change is crucial to the success for any organisation (Sung and Kim, 2021). Change management, therefore, encompasses providing for readiness and readiness provisions in the people organization system to facilitate the management of change in order to deliver organizational goals and performance outcomes (Sung and Kim, 2021). The main reason that supports the idea that effective change management is important is because it enables the successful implementation of new change initiatives (Sung and Kim, 2021). Therefore, managing change enables organizations to put change in the right strategic direction and achieve strategic goals with minimal disturbances to the organization’s operations and business flow.

Another crucial topic that needs attention in this context is the management of change, which contributes to the enhancement of employees’ satisfaction and motivation levels (Sypniewska, Baran and Kłos, 2023). However, alteration may provoke apprehension and stress due to different reasons affecting the staff, which, in turn, lowers morale and efficiency. This analysis shows that the reasons for change should be fully expressed, the employees’ involvement is essential, and adequate support and training have to be provided so as to build the employees’ appreciation and increase the chances of their acceptance (Sypniewska, Baran and Kłos, 2023). This not only improves employees’ morale but also fosters innovation and effective teamwork within an organization.

On the other hand, management of innovation and change if badly handled, have a negative impact on an organisation (Aljumah, 2023). They also concluded that when change is not managed successfully, it results in less employee motivation and more resistance from the staff. It is evident that organizational resistance normally surfaces when employees are not involved in the decision-making process or when they have inadequate knowledge of the issues of change (Aljumah, 2023). This resistance can, therefore, come in the form of decreased output, high rates of truancy, and high turnover rates in the organization, hence influencing the bottom line.

Analyse effective change management techniques, processes and methodologies used

In order to effectively and efficiently usher change, organizations utilize strategies, tools, and procedures that offer frameworks for the acquisition of change (Onufrey and Bergek, 2020). There is a list of the methodologies, many of which are commonly used. One that stands out is Kotter’s 8-Step Process for Leading Change. This model underlines work on generating the understanding of why change is necessary, gaining the support of the change champions, and establishing a clearly defined vision to deploy (Onufrey and Bergek, 2020). It also calls for establishing the change vision, enabling the employees to embrace the vision, searching for and realizing value within the first few months, reinforcing change and improving it to obtain more change, and institutionalizing the new methods (Onufrey and Bergek, 2020). Kotter’s proved model is a versatile change management tool that shows the organisation the way to navigate through a change process while involving the staff and keeping them motivated.

Another effective change management technique is Lewin's Change Management Model, which consists of three stages (Burnes, 2020). Another useful model referring to the process is Unfreeze/Change/Refreeze, which was developed by Kurt Lewin. The SWOT analysis under the “Unfreeze” stage aims at creating awareness, dismantling the resistance to change and preparing the organization for change (Burnes, 2020). This step is described as the “Change” phase, at which the attempt is made to successfully apply the change by running individual, process and system changes. The last stage of the process is the ‘Refreeze’ stage, which restores the alterations made, where new patterns of behaviour and practice are set to be the status quo of the company. Lewin’s strategy all underlines the fact that the change initiative has to manage and sustain resistance and maintain it throughout the life existence of the organization.

Another general change management model that has individual change at its core is the ADKAR Model (Harrison et al., 2021). ADKAR in general is an awareness model that stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. This model focuses on raising people’s consciousness on change being needed and wanted, fulfilling the peoples’ need to change and desire to be involved in the process, providing the people with knowledge on how they can change, building competencies in the process of change and embedding and sustaining change. The ADKAR model is once more particularly helpful in explaining the organizational impact of the change process as well as in directing the strategic patterns of change management (Harrison et al., 2021).

7R’s of Change Management is generally classified as a model for change, which is in fact, more of a framework that aims at helping individuals to recognize change and conduct it in the most efficient way possible. Possibilities: Another R describes Possible hazards, while Costs and benefits are another R that explains potential costs. Possible hazards also outline different associated risks that could arise from change. Key people as one of the 7 Rs, notes people who may be affected by change initiative and those who implement it; Interconnections with other changes as another R describes interactions of the particular change with other alterations; expected outcomes as the last R is another description of probable results (Rousseau and Have, 2022). This framework assists organizations in assessing the sustainability and effects of change and prevents vital consequences from being overlooked.

Describing How to Measure the Effectiveness of Change

The assessment of the change can also be defined as the estimation of the effectiveness and outcomes of change in the company and the identification of the areas that require considerable improvements. In terms of evaluating the occurrence of change, one of the most effective tools is the changes in Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) (Rousseau and Have, 2022). KPIs are defined as measurable targets linked to the company’s goals and objectives that enable a clear definition of success (Rousseau and Have, 2022). For instance, an organisation may have change initiatives with KPIs of generating more revenue, attaining higher customer satisfaction scores, decreasing operational costs, and higher staff engagement, among others.

Task 3

Provide information for the client business to understand the importance of developing innovative computing systems

1. Competitive Advantage:

• Computer technologies allow organizations to offer goods and services that can hardly be provided by competitors (Kraus et al., 2021).
• Thus, organization and strategic management may support creating differentiation from rivals, appeal to new clients, and retain the consumers already engaged.

For instance, the use of AI results in the generation of tailored customer relations, hence better customer relations and loyalty.

2. Operational Efficiency:

• Technological advancements in computation help to organize business activities as they eliminate manual work and possible blunders.
• For instance, automation reduces the time taken to complete a task hence enabling the conserved resources to be put to better usage (Ahi et al., 2021).

Of all the technologies, cloud computing is excellent for cost management because it presents scalability and flexibility, which allow organizations to increase or reduce their resources as required.

3. Enhanced Decision-Making:

• Modern computer systems give users an opportunity to work with up-to-date and fresh data and make decisions immediately.
• Thus, the utilization of big data influences predictions, enhances decisions made and facilitates efficient strategic planning (Saarikko, Westergren and Blomquist, 2020).

For example, business intelligence tools involve information technologies that help organizations understand customers’ behaviour, market trends and financial performance, and other things that can help in making decisions.

Explore innovations that are common across the computing industry

1. Cloud Computing:

• Cloud computing has come out as one of the key success factors that enable firms to store and access data in the modern world.
• It is the ability to obtain and release resources like servers, storage, and applications over the internet on an as-needed basis.
• Cloud solutions are flexible, adaptive, and cheap as they allow users or organizations to pay only for what they require (Bello et al., 2020).

The major Business Services which can be offered by players like AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform are as follows:

2. Software as a Service (SaaS):

• SaaS is a method of software delivery in which clients access software through the provider over the Internet (Loukis, Janssen and Mintchev, 2019).
• Organisations do not need to own licensing software to be installed on their own server, cutting down on IT expenses.

Some examples of SaaS include Salesforce for customer relationship management, Slack for communication, and zoom for video conferences.

Evaluate new and emerging areas of computing.

1. Quantum Computing

• Quantum computing entails the use of the principles of quantum mechanics in the performance of computations in a faster manner.
• Although it is still in its infancy, quantum computing will revolutionize the way problems are solved given that some of them are beyond the reach of classical computing (Loukis, Janssen and Mintchev, 2019).

Quantum computing is being researched by various industries including the pharmaceutical, financial, and crypto-ciphering industries for drug discovery, risk evaluation, and secure conversation.

2. Edge Computing

• Edge computing preprocesses data with the help of devices instead of cloud data centre facilities.
• This approach is faster, has less latency, faster response time, and is bandwidth-friendly, a property well suited for use in real-time applications (Nayak et al., 2022).

Edge computing is envisaged for the Internet of Things, autonomous cars, and discrete manufacturing.

3. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)

• Both AR and VR make the users feel they are in another environment since the content is placed over the physical environment in the case of AR, while the environment is made to look realistic in the case of VR.
• The key features of these technologies are making other industries including gaming, retail, and education interactive and engaging (Nayak et al., 2022).

In real estate, AR and VR have the potential to provide virtual property tours, which would benefit customers who are purchasing or even renting houses.

Benchmark computing systems with other organisations

1. Zillow

• Zillow is a famous online real estate platform that uses sophisticated tools to enhance the customer journey (Zillow, 2024).
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning are used to personalize properties of interest, analyse the market, and forecast their value.

The mobility aspect here is the Zillow Mobile App with virtual tours, and real-time information that makes the clients happy.

2. Redfin

• Another famous American real estate market is Redfin, which is also recognized as one of the peculiar real estate markets with the right approach to completing deals.
• Some strengths of Redefined are its technology and innovation, which include using artificial intelligence and algorithms to develop search tools, computer algorithms to develop an accurate valuation of homes, and a digital closing process (Redfin, 2024).

Cloud technologies and business analysis are used in the firm to enhance efficiency and the quality of decisions made.

Analyse how to keep up to date with new computing solutions

1. Continuous Learning and Professional Development

• Education is important, and thus, it is recommended that individuals continue with education so as to be in a better position to acquire new computing solutions.
• Managers of organizations can motivate their IT staff to get certification, attend workshops and take online courses to upgrade their skills (Leoni, 2023).

Skills maintenance guarantees that the staff has adequate knowledge to use or administer newer technologies.

2. Participation in Industry Publications and Research

• They include the likes of trade journals, academic journals and technology blogs as they give insights on the future outlook of the industry.
• It is in order for organizations to keep abreast with current trends that one has to subscribe to the appropriate journals and websites in computing (Leoni, 2023).

Consuming thought leadership content can also generate new ways of thinking and approaching the issue.

3. Attending Conferences and Networking

• There are Conferences, special Seminars, and Networking events in each field, which help attendees get to know the market leaders, new technologies, and peers in the specific discipline.
• These events offer an opportunity for knowledge exchange at the organization, problem analysis, and ideas identification (Miranda, 2021).

Organisations attend industry events to increase their knowledge of newly developed technologies and enhance interactions.

Business Proposal

Introduction

• To sustain this competitiveness, it is crucial to explore the current and future technologies that can improve the efficiency of operations as well as the value propositions to customers.
• The following business proposal explains a contingency plan for the integration of CRM cloud service for property selling and renting websites.
• The current Apption solution of choice targets optimizing the agency’s internal processes, enhancing customer relations, and achieving sustainable business development.

Proposed Solution

• Hence, the solution is to implement an end-to-end cloud CRM solution like Salesforce or HubSpot specifically for the real estate business.
• This platform will be compatible with principal platforms such as Zillow and Redfin, as well as other localized real estate websites.
• The CRM system will revolutionise how the agency handles its business because it will consolidate all the aspects of its operations vis-a-vis the customer (Navarro et al., 2022).

When it comes to data management, the CRM system will have a central database containing all data about a customer and his properties that can be accessed on any device. This way, such data will be available for agents at any time they need it, thus enhancing their ability to help clients. The system will also provide automated follow-up tools for email marketing and other lead-nurturing activities to minimize the agents’ involvement and remain constantly in touch with potential clients.

Advantages of the change

• Second, the CRM system will also increase operational efficiency by providing for automation of repetitious tasks like data entry and follow-up communications which will not only cut down on manual work but also work that can have mistakes (Taherdoost, 2023).
• With processes being consolidated, a centralized database will make it easier for them to concentrate on complex functions that can benefit the business greatly.
• Further, decision-makers ability to collect data from the system will enhance decision-making due to the availability of analyses and reports on customers, markets and sales.

This will help determine a strategic plan and how resources should be distributed.

Implementation Plan

• The migration to and utilization of the cloud-based CRM system will be done systematically to achieve proper synchrony within the organisation.
• The initial step is the needs analysis, outlining the agency’s operations and revealing the key issues and potential enhancements in the first phase.
• This will help narrow down the specific needs and attributes that should be available in the chosen CRM (Baashar et al., 2020).

Total Cost Break up and Return on Investment Analysis

• The expenses anticipated for the cloud-based CRM system are the license cost, integration cost, training cost, and others (Bello et al., 2020).
• The total estimated cost is about fifteen thousand five hundred US dollars.

However, the initial investment is expected to yield a high Return on Investment (ROI), which should be realized in the first year through the following realizations: a 20% increase in customer retention rate, a 15% cut in operation costs, and a 10% boost in sales revenue.

Task 4

Analyse the changes needed to organisational processes from the introduction of a new solution

The introduction of a new computing solution entails a redesign of the current workflow and business processes. For example, plans such as introducing a cloud-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) will force the agency to reconsider the existing ways of interacting with customers (Farhan, Abed and Ellatif, 2018). Paper-based record-keeping and communication isolation will become integrated into the operating channel, which will simplify the process of data entry and minimize manpower (Farhan, Abed and Ellatif, 2018). This implies that the employees will have to be oriented to new ways of working with this CRM system and have the ability to fully manage their relationships with clients and sales processes. This might entail developing new SOPs that address techniques that can efficiently utilize the CRM system.

Evaluate the changes to business strategy based on introducing a new computing change

Strategic Alignment with Business Goals:

A new computing solution should fit into the organisation’s higher strategic objectives of expanding market share, improving customers’ satisfaction, or optimising organisational productivity (Jung and Shegai, 2023). It is imperative that the agency confirms that the several objectives can be met as facilitated by a CRM system that offers appropriate tools to facilitate growth (Jung and Shegai, 2023). This may entail proposing precise goals accompanied by figures, for instance, gaining an improved customer loyalty rate or cutting operational costs by achieving a particular figure.

Customer-Centric Approach

The primary focus that arises with the implementation of a customer relationship management system is the centrality of a customer-oriented business approach (Habel et al., 2019). The agency must pay attention to the client’s needs, expectations, and habits to create relevant and long-lasting connections (Habel et al., 2019). This means moving away from the product orientation toward the orientation that aims at the customers and their needs. The CRM system can also help the organization understand the details of the customers’ engagements, where adjustments to the products and promotional techniques can be made as a way of meeting the customers’ needs (Habel et al., 2019).

Analyse the importance of linking innovation and change to an organisation’s ICT strategy

Strategic Alignment and Cohesion

This means that instead of having different fragmented ICT approaches to supporting innovation and change, these efforts are harmonized with the organization’s strategic direction (Kennedy, Goolsby and Arnould, 2003). This way, the organization can align technological developments with the organizational goals and objectives to achieve value for each investment made to support technological advancement (Kennedy, Goolsby and Arnould, 2003). Such a relationship promotes unity in the organization's departments, which in turn ensures all the teams work towards fulfilling a central goal and using technology to accomplish this.

Enhancing Competitive Advantage

Individual adaptation and change are today’s market competitive weapons, and companies cannot avoid facing the reality of today’s rapidly evolving markets. When integrating these activities within the context of the ICT strategy, the organization can purposely acquire specific competencies that build a competitive moat around the firm. This may mean leveraging emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other technologies that can improve products and services, and increase the satisfaction customers get when they engage with your business and improve operational efficiency (Kennedy, Goolsby and Arnould, 2003). A clear ICT strategy helps the organization better recognize the potential for creating new value, thus promoting the organization’s leadership within the industry.

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