Unit Further Programming and Information Architecture Assignment Sample

Introduction: Energy Efficiency Controller for Smart Appliances

Problem statement

It is known that for the integration of IoT technologies it is often required to develop a working prototype that can efficiently interact with multiple components in order to increase productivity. One of the main objectives of this project is to create an IoT based working prototype by using an application layer protocol like MQTT and programming a microcontroller to provide internet connectivity. The solution has to write the sensor data into an appropriate database in a efficient manner in order to allow presenting the data in real-time manner through a basic website with links to interactive queries. To provide practical evidence of the relevance and effectiveness of IoT applications in different contexts, it is necessary to address challenges associated with devices’ connectivity, data protection, and interfaces.

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Architecture

The architecture of the Smart IoT application has a client-server approach and for the message handling MQTT is used. Central and controlling all the network connections between IoT devices is the MQTT broker that underpins all of them. Raspberry Pi is as a microcontroller that enables the establishment of this broker in a secure network whereby it is possible to interface several clients like sensors and actuators. These microcontrollers contain Python scripts for data processing and the controlling of various logics of the devices. More devices and sensors can be incorporated quite flexibly due to the outstanding modularity which is demonstrated by this design. Since the data flows real-time from the sensors over the broker to the server and is analyzed there and made available over a web interface, the highest operational efficiency is guaranteed.

Hardware and Software

 Circuit diagram

This paper’s Smart IoT application prototype circuit diagram seeks to demonstrate how an IoT system would look like in order to incorporate elements which are useful in the running of the system. The main part of the system is the microcontroller unit such as Arduino or Raspberry pi that serve as the central nodes of the system issues of data communication. With reference to the environmental monitoring the microcontroller is connected to some sensors that include the motion sensors, light sensors, temperature sensors among others. They are connected with other actuators in order to initiate some actions with regards to the information provided by the sensors. Examples of actuators are motorized windows and relays for switching on the lights and fans (Metallidou et al, 2020). Also, the circuit has an Ethernet shield or a Wi-Fi module for internet cooperation with the ability to control the circuit through the web. Devices may be able to talk to one other more conveniently through the MQTT protocol because it ensures transfer of real time data and response. As a result, power-related components for stability that include capacitors and voltage regulators are supplied. As for smart surroundings it provides a strong, growing, and an encompassing IoT solution with regard to this circuit design.

Figure 1: Circuit diagram

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

Algorithm

The microcontroller Python script in the Smart IoT application also performs the function of relaying information concerning the user interfaces that may be located far from the hardware components.

Figure 2: Python code for light

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

First of all, it loads libraries for the hardware managing (GPIO for Raspberry Pi) and for communication (MQTT for this case). Then in the code it establish the network connection and gets the MQTT topics to subscribe to in order to receive control orders from the server. Ongoing reading and processing of the sensor data produce outcomes that are disseminated through MQTT to a data base .

Figure 3: Python code for Coffee maker

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

 Actuators relay the commands received to the devices through toggling GPIO pins on the microcontroller (Yazdinejad et al., 2020). Through discovering the disconnections and the attempts to reconnect, error handling ensures dependability of the operations. The usefulness of the code structure is in the fact that it enables the real time control and monitoring of the services, which is beneficial for smart hospitals.

Figure 4: Visual code for Microcontroller

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

Implementation and Results

This paper explains the findings that depict how a MQTT-based communication structure was established as well as its effectiveness when used in Cisco Packet Tracer in the context of an Internet of Things application that has been christened the Smart Hospital. As an aspect of the implementation, it involves configuring a MQTT client and broker on a VPN (Farzaneh et al., 2021). The client, with the username “admin”, can get to the broker via the latter’s IP address 192. 168. 10. 5 it can mean that the Parameters for networks have been configured well as the members have set the Authentication procedures properly (Kim et al., 2021). With the help of MQTT subscription and client, the subject “hiiii”, data can be effectively exchanged at the Internet of Things.

Figure 5: Web page for PC in MQTT Broker

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

This MQTT broker maintains several events that suggest certain interactions between the client and the broker such as connection, topic subscription and receipt of acknowledgement as recorded in this simulation. These recorded events are crucial for establishing the correct working of the occurrences and the dependability of the MQTT protocol in the handling of real time data transfers within an IoT architecture.

Figure 6: Web page for IoT6 in MQTT Broker

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

It also checks the ability of the prototype to address specific subjects and mimic real connection scenarios of IoT, which makes further enhancement and extension in a medical field viable on this tool.

Figure 7: Response of web page in MQTT

(Source: Self-created in Cisco)

 Conclusion

The project proposed and implemented: Energy Efficiency Controller for Smart Appliances meaningfully demonstrated its feasibility and benefits through employing IoT as a complimentary technology to enhance the cooperativeness of appliances. Various features such as the client-server structure and the capability for proper message processing in the IoT operation and communication were enhanced by MQTT. During the circuit design and implementation process, the real-time intelligent control and supervisory control of the smart appliances were controlled and monitored accurately. This work is a significant starting point for further research on the role and expansion of smart technology applications, particularly in connection with energy management systems; this will be very useful for increasing and improving sustainability and energy-saving goals.

References

Journal

• Metallidou, C.K., Psannis, K.E. and Egyptiadou, E.A., 2020. Energy efficiency in smart buildings: IoT approaches. IEEE Access, 8, pp.63679-63699.
• Kim, H., Choi, H., Kang, H., An, J., Yeom, S. and Hong, T., 2021. A systematic review of the smart energy conservation system: From smart homes to sustainable smart cities. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 140, p.110755.
• Farzaneh, H., Malehmirchegini, L., Bejan, A., Afolabi, T., Mulumba, A. and Daka, P.P., 2021. Artificial intelligence evolution in smart buildings for energy efficiency. Applied Sciences, 11(2), p.763.
• Yazdinejad, A., Parizi, R.M., Dehghantanha, A., Zhang, Q. and Choo, K.K.R., 2020. An energy-efficient SDN controller architecture for IoT networks with blockchain-based security. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, 13(4), pp.625-638.
• Zafar, U., Bayhan, S. and Sanfilippo, A., 2020. Home energy management system concepts, configurations, and technologies for the smart grid. IEEE access, 8, pp.119271-119286.
• Aliero, M.S., Qureshi, K.N., Pasha, M.F. and Jeon, G., 2021. Smart Home Energy Management Systems in Internet of Things networks for green cities demands and services. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22, p.101443.