Anatomical And Physiological Analysis Of Human Lymphatic And Immune Systems Assignment Sample

Introduction: Functions and Components of Human Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The characteristics of a human's immune and lymphatic systems contain different types of interconnected components. The lymphatic systems of a human being hold diverse types of organs and tissues such as the lymphatic vessels, thymus glands, tonsils, etc. The role and effects of these systems are included in the development of human immune systems. The primary aim of this individual research work is to analyze the human lymphatic and immune systems and their functions anatomically and physiologically. Also, this research breaks down the pathological analysis of a lymphatic system's disease which is Tonsillitis will be described properly. Also, the proper description of the lymphatic organs will be done in this research examination for the proper understanding of the mechanism of these procedures.

Discussion

The Anatomy and Physiology Analysis of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The human lymphatic system structure and its functions

The lymphatic mechanisms of a human being include different types of tissues and organs such as the lymph nodes, thymus glands, spleen, tonsils etc. All the combinations of these organs are responsible for the activity of the human lymphatic system (Petrova and Koh. 2020). It was identified that if a particular organ or tissue of the lymphatic system gets affected by this disease the entire system suffers through its consequences.

Figure 1: Lymphatic system's structure

The biological activities of the lymphatic system include several body parts of a human being which can be identified with the help of this above-mentioned figure. With the help of this structural image, the anatomy of this particular system can be understood properly (Jalkanen and Salmi, 2020). The lymphatic nodes or vessels which are present in the human body are the primary reason for the proper connectivity of this biological system. These vessels of the lymphatic system regulate different types of body fluid from one part to another part of a human being. It was analyzed that the functions and activities of this specific mechanism not only connect the lymphatic organs but also act as a channel between the human cardiovascular systems. By transporting blood and other body fluids these vessels control the cardiovascular activities also.

The primary functions of the human lymphatic system possess a vast variety of processes which are associated with the immune system of a human being (Solari et al. 2020). Also, the other functions and activities of these particular body parts contain proper absorption of lipids and toxic body fluids. These systems have other biological activities also such as the absorbing process of plasma proteins which are present in the bloodstreams of a human being.

It was identified that all these components and segments of the human lymphatic system can produce various positive outcomes in the management and monitoring process of various pathogens. The lymphatic organs and tissues which are associated with the human lymphatic system combines their works together to conduct various immunological functions one of them includes the monitoring process of pathogens which invades a human body (Francis et al. 2020). In the lymph nodes there are various cells are present such as stroma cells, different macrophages which identifies these disease causing pathogens properly. Different previously done research examinations have shown that these macrophages have the ability to identify these pathogens with the help of its receptor characteristics.

Lymphatic Fluids

The primary factors which are associated with the mechanisms and activities of the lymphatic systems are the lymphatic fluids. These lymphatic fluids of the human body are also determined as the lymph. These fluids contain a combination of different types of liquids such as cell and tissue fluid extracts (Henderson et al. 2020). These lymphatic fluids do not possess any colors however these can be properly distracted by the other colorless body fluids. It was identified with the help of a wide variety of previous research works that these lymphatic fluids can't be reabsorbed by the capillaries of the human body.

Plasma and Extracellular Fluids

Another component which is heavily related to the human lymphatic system is the plasma and extracellular fluids. These plasmas are liquid segments which are present in blood and can be leaked into the cells with the help of various dysfunctions in the capillaries. On the other hand, extracellular fluids contain roughly 20% parts of the human body's total weight (Liu et al. 2020). These extracellular fluids primarily possess a large number of oxygen molecules although glucose and amino acids are also present in these fluids. Both of these fluids are heavily linked with the human body's lymphatic systems.

Lymphatic Nodes or Lymph Nodes

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Figure 2: Lymphatic vessels and structures

The most crucial components of the human lymphatic system are the lymph vessels and the lymph nodes. These lymph nodes connect the capillaries and the entire blood vessels of a human being. The main activities of these channels include the accumulation process of lymph of lymphatic fluids from blood capillaries and the removal of these toxic elements from the bloodstream (Ya?murlu et al. 2020). It was found that these nodes and vessels combined more than 800 vessels and nodes which are present in the neck, throat, and abdomen part of the human body. The proper combination process of these components is the primary reason for the proper functions of a person's lymphatic and immune systems. The significance of the lymph nodes plays a very major role in the filtration process of lymph which are present in the human body. It was previously analyzed that these lymph which can be found in these human lymphatic systems possesses various cell liquids which are colorless (Francis et al. 2020). One of the most essential work process of these lymph node is to filter these lymph from the human blood vessels. These lymph liquids and cell extracts can be strained by the macrophages which are present in these lymph nodes. On the other hand the stroma cells of the human lymph node can also plays a very vital role in the filtration process of lymph throughout the human lymphatic system.

Organs of the Lymphatic System of a Human Being

This individual section of this research work includes the anatomical and physiological analysis of different organs and components of a human being. The organs which are associated with the lymphatic systems of a human being are also determined as lymphoid organs. These organs that are present in the lymphatic mechanism are classified as primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs (Leong et al. 2022). The organs which are identified as the primary lymphoid organs are the Thymus glands and bone marrow on the other hand the organs which are classified as secondary lymphoid organs are the tonsils, spleen and lymphoid capillaries.

Thymus Gland

Figure 3: Anatomy of the Thymus Gland

The thymus gland of the human body is identified as one of the primary organs of the human lymphatic system. The anatomical analysis of this individual organ shows that it is located in the chest part of a human which is also at the backside of the chest bone. This particular location of the human thymus is also known as mediastinum. The components of this thymus are lymph ducts, arteries, thymic corpuscles and also medullas (Itkin et al. 2021). The capsule which is present in the thymus gland is divided into two different parts or lobes. It was identified with the help of various pre-existed anatomical reports that the development of the thymus gland is done in three phases. The functional activities of this gland include various biological mechanisms such as the secretion of vital hormones like thymosin and also it helps in the development process of T-cells.

Bone Marrow

Figure 4: Anatomy of bone marrow

Bone marrows are present in most mammals including humans which have various types of functions and activities of the human immune and lymphatic systems. These are also considered as the primary lymphoid organisms which are especially spongy components present in the human bones. The primary functions and activities of these bone marrow are related to the development of human stem cells (Schwenck et al. 2020). The activities of these stem cells are very crucial factors for the human immune system as these cells provide the most amount of immunity for fighting against any immunological disorders of human beings. Also, this bone marrow helps in the production of RBCs and WBCs which is one of the most essential elements for a living person.

Lymphatic Capillaries

The lymphatic capillaries are considered the secondary lymphoid organs however the role of these components in the human lymphatic systems is very essential. These capillaries are identified as small vessels which are located in every cell and tissue of the human body (Klose and Artis, 2020). These components hold various types of roles and impact the human lymphatic system as any type of dysfunction can lead to serious damage to the organs. The primary activity of these lymphatic capillaries is to follow the process of fluid transportation.

Tonsils

Figure 5: Anatomy of human tonsils

The tonsils are classified as the secondary lymphoid organ of a human being. The tonsil is the combination of various tissues which are located in the back part of the human throat (pharynx). These tissues include four parts which are recognized as pharyngeal tonsils, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils. Each of these four tonsils is made of similar types of cells and tissues like the lymph nodes (Naessens et al. 2020). These tonsils are always covered with mucosa components which are pink in colour. These tonsils play a wide variety of activities inside of a human immune system such as it provides the primary defense mechanism against foreign components as they have APC compounds on their upper surface.

Spleen

The anatomical analysis of the spleen was helpful for the identification that it is the largest lymphoid organism which is present in the human lymphatic system. The spleen is located inside the ribcage of a human being (Leong et al. 2022). The primary activities and mechanisms that the spleen plays in the human body are associated with the storing and filtering process of blood, the production of white blood cells and also the recycling process of the RBCs. Also, the functions of this individual organ include the blood reservoir and storage space for platelets.

Pathological analysis of Tonsillitis disease

Anatomical analysis of Tonsillitis disorder

Figure 6: Comparison of healthy and infected tonsils

The tonsillitis disorder is a very common type of infection which often seen in people of different age groups (Itkin et al. 2021). This tonsillitis condition is mostly related to the inflammation of the four tonsils which can be examined with the help of figure 6. The primary reason which causes this particular disorder is the incorporation of foreign microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria.

Identification of pathophysiological reasons for Tonsillitis

The primary pathological reason which causes this particular lymphatic system-related condition is the invasion of various bacteria and viruses. It was identified that the development of this particular disorder includes different steps (Wilson et al. 2023). This individual infection of tonsillitis is classified into two different sections which are viral tonsillitis and bacterial tonsillitis.

Viral tonsillitis disorder is mostly developed by different types of viruses such as the Influenza virus, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus etc. This specific infection evolves as these viruses invade the body of a human being (Itkin et al. 2021). On the other hand, bacterial tonsillitis is caused by different types of pathological reasons which are related to distinct harmful bacteria. This individual type is identified as the consequence of the “β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)” species of bacteria intervention. Taxonomically these particular bacteria species have different types of similarities with the bacteria which attack the epithelium part of the tonsil. This specific bacteria has the capability to properly penetrate the pink mucosal layer of the tonsil and the nostrils.

Other organs affected by Tonsillitis disease

The tonsillitis disorder can cause a wide variety of harmful effects on the tonsils of the human body. However, the consequences of this precise condition can cause various difficulties in other parts of a human being (Naessens et al. 2020). It was found with the help of various previous research examinations that this infection has a serious impact on the throat and neck of a human being. It can create a serious amount of pain which are associated with the neck and throat of a person. However, with the proper medication process and treatment, these diseases can be properly treated.

Conclusion

The development of physiological and anatomical analysis of the human immune and lymphatic system produced a wide variety of knowledgeable outcomes. Throughout this entire research study, different components of the human lymphatic system are done properly. In the initial section of this research work the proper anatomical description of the human lymphatic system is done. It was found that this particular system contains different types of elements such as lymphatic vessels, extracellular fluids, plasma etc. In the next part of this research work the proper anatomical descriptions of the lymphoid organs such as lymphoid capillaries, thymus glands, tonsils, and spleen are mentioned. It was found that these organs play a huge role in the development of human lymphatic mechanisms. In the last part of this research examination, the pathological causes of lymphatic disease tonsillitis are identified. It was found that it occurs due to various reasons such as the invasion of foreign bacteria and viruses.

References

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