Unit 2 People in Organisations Assignment Sample

Introduction Unit 2: People in Organisations Assignment

Currently, organizations are highly focused on managing people to achieve success in the business. Business organizations now believe that employees are their valuable assets as they help achieve business objectives and contribute to the success of the company. However, they face many problems regarding employee management. This report will explain the different methods, such as effective communication, teamwork, remote work, etc., that enhance HR management.

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AC 1.1 The Benefit of Effective Communication on Employee Relationships and Morale

Communication refers to the act of sharing information, messages, ideas, and thoughts with other people through verbal or written means.

Increase engagement

Communication helps upper-level managers connect with their subordinates, which helps them build strong relationships with employees. This eventually increases the engagement and satisfaction of the employees with the job (Maharani, Afifah, and Lubis, 2023). However, regular interaction with employees without any reason can disturb their work. Budgens, a UK-based grocery company, communicates with its employees using different communication channels, such as email, video conferencing, and instant messaging. Sometimes, a poor network connection interrupts the whole communication, negatively affecting the conversation.

Solve conflicts

Strong communication at the workplace is useful to reduce disputes and stress at work. Moreover, effective communication allows the employees to share their work-related issues and concerns and solve problems as soon as possible. On the other hand, when managers give freedom to employees in the workplace, they may misuse this opportunity. More freedom can reduce the attention of employee towards their work and tasks.

Builds strong relations with the employees

Effective communication at the workplace influences the relations with the workers. Companies that communicate confidently with employees can easily make strong relationships with them. (Lee et al, 2022). However, overconfidence can negatively affect the relations of the firm with its employees. Employees face failure to finish projects because of overconfidence.

Increased innovation

Firms that encourage their staff members to communicate their ideas and thoughts tend to boost innovation as compared to others. Workers feel empowered and respected and share their creative ideas and thoughts freely, which facilitates not only workers but also the whole organization. For example, Tesco organizes group discussions to get employees' ideas. This helped in reducing absenteeism and employee turnover. Nevertheless, group discussion is only important for the employees who can confidently express their views. It prevents shy employees from sharing creative ideas and opinions.

Impact of effective communication on the morale of employees

Strong communication in the workplace can reduce disputes and stress. Effective communication is essential for exchanging important messages immediately. Unilever uses different communication channels, such as email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc., to communicate with its employees. This helps solve employees' problems, improve their relationships with managers, and improve performance.

Impact of effective communication on efficiency in the organization

Strong communication in the workplace facilitates improved relationships among people, which helps to increase organizational performance. Effective communication between co-workers and managers also helps to reduce strikes, conflicts, and lockouts. It further helps to improve business productivity by conveying important messages efficiently in the workplace.

AC 1.2 Implications of Legislation, Policies, and Procedures for Communication

There are several legislation, policies, and procedures that help to enhance communication and protect the personal information of employees and businesses.

• The Communications Act 2003: The act is coping with broadcast media within United Kingdom. The act creates the outline for competitive marketplace for telecoms services through eliminating the exclusive rights of British Telecommunication to offer the services.
• Communication policy: It is a set of regulations and guidelines set by a corporation to control the information distribution internally between workers and externally to the stakeholders.

Communication process involves three stages such as; idea creation, encoding and selection of channel. Communication starts with idea and after that sender translated into message. Communication is important within the organisation in order to understand the worker’s issues and social relationship sustainability.

Key legislation such as Communication Act 2003 ensures the protection of confidential and sensitive consumer information. Moreover, Communication Policy aims to minimise the risk of ineffective communication and to make sure that all workers are conscious of how interactions are best performed internally and externally.

Implications of legislation, policies, and procedures to communication

• Human Rights: protects employee’s right to communicate and express their views in any medium. It gives employees the freedom to express their thoughts at the workplace and be involved in the decision-making process. Following the Employment Act, employers can improve employee relationships and increase interaction.
• Health and safety: workers feel that the company focuses on their health, which can increase their trust in the company. Employees will also communicate their views on safety standards used by an organization more effectively.
• Data Protection: ensures that managers and employees communicate about business processes and private information in a safe way that prevents leaks.

AC 1.3 Impact of Organizational Structure on Organizational Communication

Different types of Organizational Structure

Flat structure

This type of organizational structure involves a few managerial levels that help in improving the employee autonomy, cut down management costs, and encourage faster decision-making. Due to the absence of middle management roles, a company can reduce operational costs. This structure motivates quick decisions, and helps to reduce cost. A flat structure enables for more fluid communication flow as well as faster decision-making because it has few hierarchy levels. Along with this, it supports open communication in the organisation.

Functional structure

This structure groups staff members into various departments according to their areas of proficiency. Large organizations usually adopt a functional structure in which groups of workers are managed based on the functions they carry out (Tear et al., 2020). This structure has clear responsibilities, standardisation procedures and it’s good during the time of crises. However, they lack of prominent communication, complexities in adapting the changes and slow flow of communications. This structure has hierarchical nature that helps in clarifying the roles of each person and thereby facilitates effective communication.

Hierarchical structure

In this organizational structure, each unit within the corporation, except one, is subordinate to another entity, and this kind of arrangement is known as hierarchy. Companies that have hierarchical structures divide members into teams. The structure enhances collaboration and cooperations, build clear communication channels, and the decision-making s concentrated and clear. Nevertheless, the decision-making is very slow and ineffective management impact

Matrix structure

It mixes the factors of functional and divisional organizational structure and places workers under various supervisors. It promotes and supports adaptability in complex projects. The matrix structure improves cooperation between different department and enables interdepartmental communications. However the decision-making process is very slow and lots of work can create situation of workload.

Hybrid structure

It is a combination of various kinds of organizational structures that help to fulfil the unique and different requirements of the business. It make sure seamless integration and prevent possible conflicts. Nevertheless, it cases excessive administration and time-consuming. In terms of communication, hybrid structure motivates introduction of new information distribution channels within the organisation.

Impact of Various organizational structures on communication

NPW Gifts, is a medium-sized local firm, can adopt the flat structure, which will help improve communication in the workplace. This structure promotes open communication and gives workers at all levels the power to make decisions. In this structure, communication tends to be straight and flow freely between staff members. However, there is a risk of confusion if employees do not know about their reporting authority.

A functional structure divides workers according to job functions, such as marketing, finance, etc. There is no uncertainty, and strict reporting lines help the business. However, it can slow down communication, which eventually slows down decision-making.

The hierarchical structure of an organization influences communication flow substantially by defining the pathways and channels of exchange of information. Communication usually flows vertically, from upper-level management to lower level.

A flat structure focuses on better communication as well as faster responses. It reduces the management layers in order to enhance the collaboration and communication. Speed of communication is major benefits of flat structure.

The matrix structure pays attention on open communication system at the workplace. It allows staff members to freely share their opinions and ideas. It further helps the leaders and managers to make informed decisions.

1M1 Impact of New Technology on the Organization’s Communications

In today’s world, businesses are using communication-related technologies to keep in touch with their employees. Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of communication in the workplace. The company can use video conferencing tools to interact with employees, especially in remote work.

Technology and Its Impact on Communication

Remote Working: Businesses are using communication-related technologies to keep in touch with their employees. Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of communication in the workplace. They use video conferencing tools to interact with employees, especially in remote work. Unilever uses technology to offer their employees hybrid working or remote working, which increases job satisfaction (Verčič and Špoljarić, 2020).

Reduce Isolation: Technologies like social networking sites and instant messaging applications can help to reduce loneliness or isolation when employees work from their homes.

Increases Response Speed: Different communication tools increase the speed of replies as they allow the workers to respond to emails and messages immediately. The organization can send messages quickly via voice calls, emails, and instant messaging applications.

• It is the most crucial to develop communication technique guide which summaries the preferred formatting, language and tone. Standardised templates as well as formats can be utilised to uphold the consistent messages across the multiple channels. It is also important for each person to ensure that information aligns with the values and objectives of organisation across all the platforms.
• Although, social media is one of the best way to communicate with the workers but it is also essential to aware about its negative impacts. An individual who is using the social media should be capable enough to know how to utilise different social media platforms in an appropriate way.

Furthermore, technologies like social networking sites and instant messaging applications can help to reduce loneliness or isolation when employees work from their homes. On the other hand, technology can create risks of data breaches and poor networks. Hackers can steal employees' confidential data. Therefore, the firm must use proper security systems and online tools to interact with the workers.

TASK 2

AC 2.1 The Advantages of Teamwork for People and Organizations

Benefits of Teamworking for Individual

Motivation: Teamwork facilitates the creation of a sense of belonging, which means employees easily integrate with the professional environment by working in teams. A sense of belonging happens when staff members feel that their managers acknowledge their work and contribution, and this increases their motivation.

Utilizing skills: Employees can learn from other team members. Teamwork provides a great chance for the employees to work with others and use their skills and experience to complete the project. On the other hand, teamwork can create disputes among workers because people have different perceptions and mindsets. In a teamwork culture, employees can change their work-related strategies and increase their skill sets by interacting with their co-workers more frequently.

Opportunity for personal development: Effective team communication enhances mutual understanding and trust, which helps in personal development. Ultimately, it boosts business efficiency and performance. Teamwork can be time-consuming sometimes and can impact the overall tasks and activities that eventually influence outcomes.

Job satisfaction: When people work collaboratively and solves problems then it leads to better outcomes. Employees are more expected to take the calculated risks which leads to innovation and creativity if they have group support. It encourages the personal development, boosts job satisfaction and lessens stress.

Creativity: Teamwork allows employees to identify and share different ideas to solve the problem. Diversity of perspectives and opinions in a group enhances creativity and offers new solutions.

Benefits of teamwork for an organization

Motivation: Teamwork helps to enhance the group members' motivation. When people work in a team, they feel they are a valuable part of it and are more encouraged. Tesco allows group tasks for employees to increase their motivation and interest in their work (Poth, Kottke, and Riel, 2021).

Building Ideas and Concepts: Teamwork refers to the collaborative approach of the group to accomplish common objectives or to effectively complete the project on time. Organizations have changed their work methods, and now, they focus on teamwork to increase the effectiveness of their businesses.

Utilizing skills: Teamwork encourages new and innovative ideas, nurtures a feeling of companionship, and assists in enhancing overall productivity and effectiveness of business.

Sense of belonging: Teamwork allows upper-level managers to build strong relationships with their employees. When leaders and employees collaborate on particular tasks, employees can interact freely with their managers and ask questions (Heinonen et al., 2022).

Increases productivity: Teamwork allows the workers to bring new ideas as well as their different perspectives to solve the problem. By using new ideas and different ways team members can solve the problem and complete the project efficiently. It directly helps in improving the productivity of the organisation.

Synergy: It happens when group members work with each other in synchronisation, using each other’s abilities and reimbursing for weaknesses of each other. When the workers of different departments work with each other to accomplish the common goals then it boosts the synergy.

Efficiency: When project is accurately divided among the team members, duties are shared and tasks are more prospective to complete within the given time then it facilitates improvement in the organisational efficiency.

AC 2.2 Analysis of Reasons Why Tams May Fail to Fulfil Their Objectives

Teamwork is an excellent approach, and organizations highly focus on teamwork, but if they do not address associated issues, they may face failure. There are many reasons why teams experience failure to achieve their objectives. For instance, a company's marketing team can face failure due to inefficiency in sharing updates regarding new changes. The marketing department will not be successful in the product launch if they do not provide any updates regarding change. For example, in the company, the research team may experience failure due to a lack of resources. Without sufficient resources, a research team would not be able to carry out their research, which can impact innovation in the company.

Ineffective leadership style and lack of common purpose also considered as the main reasons behind the team failure. Moreover, ineffective leadership does not focus on employee motivation which reduces the team morale. For example: When employees working in a team and needs help from the leader but they are not able enough to provide support then it negatively impacts the teamwork. Members could not be able to finish the task on time and faces failure in the teamwork.

Furthermore, lack of clarity regarding the objectives, goals and procedures may impact the teamwork and thereby leads failure. In line with the Tuckman’s theory of team development, employees may stuck at the initial development stage as they feel difficulties in adapting the changing circumstances.

Reasons Why a Team May get Stuck or Fall Back in their Development:

The first reason is unproductive behavior that impacts teamwork. Different team members exhibit varied behaviors and attitudes, and if an employee collaborates with someone displaying dysfunctional behavior, it can negatively affect teamwork (Errida and Lotfi, 2021). Criticizing others' ideas and opinions can lower morale. When there is a misalignment between goals and tasks, the team is likely to fail to meet its objectives, leading to confusion and, ultimately, reduced work quality. A lack of a theoretical approach may contribute to a team's failure. For instance, the company could adopt and implement Tuckman’s model of team development to manage teamwork. This model involves five phases: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. If the organization follows this model, it can achieve success in teamwork and fulfill its objectives. The second phase of the team development model is storming. In this stage, team members move out of their comfort zones and adapt to new changes. This can create conflicts in the workplace and produce tension between team members. Moreover, it can hinder the progress of the team, making this stage challenging, yet it is a normal part of the group development process. It is not guaranteed that forming groups will always succeed (Zirar et al., 2023). Poor leadership approaches and inappropriate combinations of group members can prevent a team from achieving success. By using Tuckman’s stages, the organisation can effectively divide teams and outline how group members perform. For example, organisations can assign duties to group members according to their skills and knowledge, helping them carry out activities effectively. Sometimes, managers do not give sufficient time for their workers to build teams, which can cause employees to get stuck in the lower phases of team development.

AC 3.1 The Implications for Remote Working for People with Issues and Impacts

The Implications for Remote working for Individuals

The development of advanced technologies has enabled business organizations to offer flexible working arrangements. Many companies are implementing hybrid or remote work options for employees. Remote work provides numerous advantages that impact employees positively.

• Save time and money: New technologies such as email, video conferencing, and messaging apps facilitate communication among employees and allow them to connect with managers online. Employees can respond to emails and messages promptly without needing to travel, which saves time and reduces travel costs while maintaining consistent communication
• Increase job satisfaction: Remote work cultivates a sense of self-assurance and increases job satisfaction (Kniffin et al., 2021). Employees can manage the balance between work and life, which further improves their morale.
• Enhanced skills: Remote work naturally necessitates familiarity with digital technologies, which provides an opportunity to learn about the different technologies. The company can provide online learning opportunities through remote work, which will help develop both skills and knowledge.

Issues and Impact to Remote Working Practices

Remote working also involves some disadvantages that create issues for employees.

• Handling negative biases: Remote workers usually experience a variety of negative biases. Some perceive them as less effective and dedicated, which can hinder their contribution and lead to unfair performance evaluations.
• Limited promotion: Remote employees have a limited chance to get promotions because when it comes to promotion, organizations give priority to those working from the office (Wang et al., 2021). It increases the feeling of immobility and reduces motivation and performance.
• Isolation-Remote: workers can feel isolated, and they miss out on the chance for casual conversation with their co-workers. Remote work also disrupts concentration due to family responsibilities and household work.

It is crucial for the organization to focus on these challenges and use different technologies to regularly connect with its remote employees. The company should provide a computer system or laptop, mobile phone, and internet connection so that employees can work from home without difficulties. If the company does not provide the proper assistance and necessary equipment, it may impact the employees' work. They will have difficulties performing tasks and achieving business goals.

Remote workforce usually work from their and they need effective communication channels to communicate with other co-workers and managers. There are different communication technologies such as; Microsoft Teams, Slack, Google Hangouts that are helpful for the communication for remote working. Project management software is another crucial technology for remote workers. It would help the workers to complete their tasks or projects on time.

AC 3.2 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Various Leadership Approaches for Team Remote Working

The effectiveness of different leadership for remote working is explained below:

Participative – This leadership style, also known as democratic leadership, encourages leaders to involve their employees in contributing ideas and participating in the decision-making process. This approach is highly effective for remote employees; as such, leaders empower their teams to make informed decisions at their own level (Sull, Sull, and Bersin, 2020). However, team decisions can be time-consuming, potentially slowing down the decision-making process. It requires employee participation; otherwise, leaders cannot fully benefit from this leadership style. For instance, Tesla, a leading automotive company, can adopt participative leadership to foster a culture of cooperation. They consistently motivate remote workers to collaborate and work as a team, even while located in different places and using various communication channels.

Coaching – The coaching leadership approach offers substantial support through valuable feedback. A leader who adopts the coaching leadership style embodies various traits, such as compassion, self-awareness, clear communication, encouragement, and teamwork. These attributes enable leaders to cultivate effective teams in the workplace and inspire collaboration. All these qualities allow managers to engage with their remote workers and sustain their interest in their roles. This leadership style proves effective as leaders focus on individuals and nurture strong mentor-mentee relationships. They also provide constructive feedback and acknowledge employees' efforts. It is essential to recognize that changes in the workplace do not occur overnight and that development requires time. This leadership style may not be appropriate for fast-paced environments and organizations.

Autocratic – It is a leadership style where the leader controls all types of decisions and takes minimal or no input from employees. They typically make choices based on their own principles and opinions without involving employees. This leadership can prove effective for remote workers. This approach can ensure productivity and clear direction, which are crucial in high-pressure remote work situations. It reduces the time spent on decision-making and aids in completing projects on time. However, leaders employing the autocratic leadership style oversee the entire process, which can create stress among employees. These leaders fail to provide opportunities for employee growth. Autocratic leaders can diminish team morale because they do not engage staff in the decision-making process.

Laissez-faire – The laissez-faire leadership approach is a hands-off method that allows employees to make rules and decisions. This style works well in remote work settings because laissez-faire leaders trust their employees, and trust is vital in remote environments (Contreras, Baykal, and Abid, 2020). Leaders permit employees to manage their tasks independently. In team settings, these leaders also offer support, direction, and training when needed while still allowing workers to oversee their group activities autonomously. Conversely, this leadership style can be perceived as uninvolved, which may lead to poor cohesiveness within the group. Additionally, it presents challenges related to a lack of role clarity, which can impact group dynamics.

2M1 Impact of Different Leadership Styles on Teamwork

• Participative or democratic leader: This leader guides the team and encourages each member to participate in decision-making. He empowers his team and consistently promotes open discussion, which fosters cooperation between team members and improves teamwork. This also enhances employees' trust in their company, leading to greater interest in their tasks.
• The coaching approach focuses on developing strong relationships between managers and employees, which often results in effective teamwork that improves work outputs. With the help of this approach, leaders can easily bring employees from different backgrounds together.
• Autocratic leadership: It does not support teamwork, and also this leader does not discuss anything with team members (Specchia et al., 2021). This can lead to workers feeling undervalued, which reduces employees' trust. This style limits feedback and demotivates individuals, as they feel their opinions are not valued or considered. Therefore, an autocratic approach is not useful in a remote working environment.
• Laissez-faire: This kind of leader provides employees with the freedom to make decisions while working in a group. In some cases, this leadership approach can reduce the productivity of the team members because of the minimal involvement of leaders in teamwork.

2D1 Evaluation of Utilization and Effectiveness of Teamwork for the Company

Teamwork is the most effective strategy for the company to resolve its challenges. PinkBerry Ltd. faces numerous issues related to its workforce, such as increased absenteeism, decreased sales, low employee morale, and high staff turnover. Teamwork approach could be helpful for the company to reduce the problems and improve organisational performance. The company utilizes teamwork to tackle these problems. The company employed a teamwork approach in the workplace to enhance collaboration among team members. They have established clear objectives and assigned roles and responsibilities to their employees after dividing employees into teams so that they can be aware of their roles. It was crucial for the firm to focus on effective communication, as it has facilitated successful teamwork. This strategy has benefited the company by fostering strong relationships between upper-level managers and employees. Positive group dynamics enabled team members to break down challenging projects into manageable tasks, thereby boosting productivity and allowing the firm to operate more efficiently. Teamwork was utilized by PinkBerry Ltd. to enhance employee engagement in their work, reducing absenteeism and contributing to increased sales by ensuring tasks are completed on schedule. Conflicts are common when individuals work together in a team, but conflict resolution ability has helped PinkBerry Ltd. reduce disputes. Additionally, employees' perspectives were varied, which directly impacted the team’s motivations. So, PinkBerry Ltd. needed to listen to individual opinions to improve collaboration between employees.

TASK 3

Handout

AC 4.1 How HR Professionals Support and Monitor People in the Workplace

Human resource management (HRM) plays the most crucial role in monitoring and supporting the staff members within the organization. There are several strategies used by HR professionals to support and monitor their employees.

Offer flexible work culture: They provide separate places for food and drinking water. Also, they organize team-building activities that facilitate improvement in the relationship between co-workers.

Facilitates employee development: HR managers are responsible for improving the firm's skills and learning systems (Dhanpat et al., 2020). By offering training and development programs, HRM can fulfill employees' learning and growth needs.

Resolve conflicts: Conflicts are common in organizations, but the HR manager's duty is to identify and solve problems immediately. Managers communicate with employees, try to understand their issues and create trustworthy relationships with them. This approach also helps enhance job satisfaction, which in turn helps employees stay with the company for a long time.

Support health and welfare: Human resource managers can provide support to the workers through managing the health plans, worker assistance programs and retirement planning. Managers can also provide benefits to disable employees so that they can work effectively.

Offer rewards: It is crucial for the human resource department to offer the rewards and incentives to employees for their hard work and successful completion of projects. It will definitely help to improve the motivation of employees.

Legislation

• Employment Relations Act 1999: This act was developed by the UK Parliament, which deals with the various issues, including trade union recognition, friendly employment practices, and freedom of association (Charles, 2024).
• Data Protection Act 2018: This act was introduced to protect the confidential information and data of employees from being misused. It controls how information of the workers are utilized by their company or managers.
• Employment Act 2002: The UK made some changes to the Employment Act 1996 and introduced maternity and paternity leave. This act deals with the different aspects of employee rights. This act gives benefits to women employees who are pregnant.

AC 4.2 Support of Policies and Procedures to the People in the Workplace

Health and safety policy: It is essential for the employees to have knowledge about the health and safety act of the company so that they can take benefits. Employers are required to have particular safety rules in the workplace so that employees can work in a safe environment. This policy enhances the performance of employees and reduces absenteeism rates. However it increases the pressure on the company to provide insurance to each employee and increases burden on management.

Anti-harassment policy: Employees should be treated in a fair and equal manner at the workplace (Newman and Ford, 2021). If they find that any person shows misbehaviour towards them, then they can take legal under the anti-harassment policy. It supports employees by reducing humiliation, degradation, and bullying. This boost the morale of the staff members and reduce the risk of expensive lawsuits, on the other hand, It involves the risk of policy misinterpretation and includes problem of false accusations

Confidentiality policy: It allows the staff members to discuss unethical and corrupt practices with human resource teams so that they can safeguard their information. If employers or any other member of the firm misuses the information, then employees have the right to register a complaint about the same. This policy establish employees trust and protect data and information of employees, however it increase operational costs to integrate security system and if the system is poor, it can leak worker and business data

Working hour policy: Includes how overtime work is managed and compensated. It provides support to the workers by making sure that they are not overworked and underpaid. If the employer does not give money for overtime work, then the company or HR department can face legal action. It gives workers the right to take sufficient breaks to eat and drink water. This is can boost employee trust in the company and helps in reducing stress, however employees may misuse the flexible working and It can delay the project

4D1 Impact of Legislation on Employee Relations

Legislation helps companies build strong relationships with their employees and enforces fair work hours, compensation, and work-life balance policies. By maintaining positive relationships with the workers, the company consistently increases its loyalty and commitment to them.

Employment Rights & Fair Treatment

Equal pay and anti-discrimination law 1970: This law is used by Tesco in the workplace (Scott, 2024). The firm pays fair wages to their employees according to their job position. Tesco does not discriminate in the workplace and also pays a salary for extra working hours.

Health and Safety Regulation:

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974: This act is utilized by Volkswagen, an automobile manufacturing company (Manolchev and Lewis, 2024). The company makes sure the safety of each worker and provides health insurance for the employees.

Workplace Harassment and Bullying:

The Equality Act of 2010: This act is used by Deloitte, the largest accounting firm, to create a positive office environment (Perfect, 2024). The company does not show any bias, provides equal opportunities to all employees, and ensures no harassment or bullying based on gender or colour.

CONCLUSION

As per the above report, it is concluded that managing employees is the most difficult task for the company, and if they fail in people management, then it negatively impacts the business. This report has identified that effective communication is an excellent way to increase the motivation and engagement of the employees. Communication and teamwork play a most valuable role in helping the firm carry out its daily tasks. Employees who work in a team instead of doing work alone can get a chance for personal development and complete tasks on time. If organizations pay attention to communication and teamwork in the workplace, then it will definitely help to reduce problems like absenteeism, employee morale, turnover, and reduction in sales. It has been analysed that teamwork allows staff members to learn from each other and increases the chances of success in a team project. However, teamwork can also create problems, such as conflicts, among team members, which can impact their relations.

REFERENCES

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• Errida, A. and Lotfi, B., 2021. The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, p.18479790211016273.
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