Constructability Implementation for complex Dissertation projects Sample

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction To Constructability Implementation for complex projects

General Overview of the Topic

Constructability is an essential component of complex project management because it aims to improve engineering and contract operation effectiveness and overall efficiency of the construction project. This section explicitly speaks out for the build ability which is frequently a determinant for projects of great scope and complexity. The report covers the implications of applied constructability methodologies and discusses the challenges that may arise while applying them properly. Implementability refers to a course of action in project design, procurement, and execution that involves the integration of these processes to lead to desirable project outcomes. Through the establishment of preconstruction construction ability in the project phases, crews can pick up constructability problems occurring at early stages, thus avoiding expensive interpretation, more effectively dealing with project execution issues, and making the project less risky. Implementation of this degree this will make it easy to address the obstacle as soon as they become noticeable, this will lead to a culture of working in teams and solving issues before they arise. Factors such as realistic workload distribution, transparent communication, and close teamwork aid in the smoother progress of the project, thus increase the probability of project success.

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Problem Statement

Complicated projects of buildings often run into obstacles to identifying what methods and techniques are important for constructability and implementing them easily (Mohsenijam et al 2020). Although they may increase project duration, cost and delivery, these obstacles still impede the progress and result in a project of lesser quality. Identifying the components of constructability that are key in ensuring the successful implementation of a project is something that both the project team and the owner have to do in order to conquer these challenges and enhance project performance.Additionally, the intricacy of today's building projects, the technology's rate of progress, and the heightened complexity of the regulatory requirements may limit the implementation of the constructability methods.

Another issue AI has noted is that there are no well-defined corporate standard practices for implementing constructability methodologies. These techniques are often adapted inconveniently by the project teams that leads to the uneven usage and therefore the uneven effectiveness of these techniques. Thus, it is understandable that there are many constructability solutions that can be applied in building projects since these projects are fluid and can changes, encounter new problems or require numerous changes. Thus, the constructability issues must be addressed systematically in all of the project phases, and to facilitate this, the key stakeholders such as architects, engineers, contractors, and clients have to improve their communication (Ding et al 2020). This integration is thus conspicuous for preventing such mishaps such as major delays, cost overruns, and quality complications from befalling projects. In light of the identified gaps, this research aims at defining constructive practicability strategies and providing a framework which would facilitate their systematic as well as flexible application when it comes to different kinds of buildings.

Research Objective

The purpose of this study is to identify and review the technological challenges associated with constructability in complex construction projects. This study will primarily focus with identifying whether these issues originate from software programs or from other facets of technology. Specific issues are the worn-out IT environments, the low level of treating with technologies among project participants, the lack or inapplicable appropriate programs, and the absence of interconnection among systems. Data will be collected via a survey while SPSS will form the basis of data analysis to yield findings. The end goal is to come up with practical recommendations on how to increase the constructability in the project by addressing these technicalities and on how to effectively employ such technology.

Significance of the study

Potentially, good construction implementation may lead to several advantages for complex construction projects, e.g. the sustained process flow, cost economization and improvement in the project results (Raviv et al 2022). The empirical objective is to progress from where the existing body of knowledge ends by providing a clearer picture of what construct ability process is and what factors play a role in successful implementation. The conclusions and Moreover, the implications of the study can impact other stakeholders in the construction industry, such as local regulatory authorities and higher education programs, who can use the study's findings to shape standards, procedures, and training (Tamunoala and Samuel, 2020).. By publicizing the research findings the study is able to serve as a catalyst for a further development of the industry while continuing to improve current processes.Moreover, the study will seek to identify the future benefits of improving constructability approaches, such as improvement of sustainability and reduced effects on the environment. To a certain extent, the research tries to add to the promotion of environmental construction that advances to the global environmental goals by focusing on sustainability construction method and construction material . The importance of resource use efficiency together with waste minimisation as part of cost minimisation in the study will also be considered (Højbjerg, Kirkegaard and Beatini, 2020). As mentioned above these advantages have the capability of enhancing the economic profitability of building projects and thus attract more stakeholders and investors. The findings of this study shall benefit ongoing projects that would be undertaken in the near future and provide ground for enhancement of construction practice in the future. The study will seek to challenge and transform these industry standards and practices, thereby bringing a positive transformation to the construction sector through the proclamation of the increased importance of constructability in creating valuable and efficient project solutions.

Scope and limitations

This research will be focused on the subject of how building is accomplished in grand-scaled and complex construction projects, including infrastructural development, high-rise buildings, and industrial facilities(Al Hamadani et al 2022). The study will gather data from different access points like project managers, construction professionals and subject material experts. Also, the investigation will attempt to deal with the tremendous difference in complexity among construction projects geographically and contextually by involving data from different countries and project types. The fact that the research was based on different types of projects, spread over different parts of the world also means limitations in the degree of comparability. By matching the two, we cannot be able to obtain results that are valid in all the situations.

Cultural and legal issues will also be looked in this research to identify the differences and discuss how it influences the constructability practices. This is a try to present a full picture of how factors and enviroments affect the appliacion of constructability methodologies through several sources of information from a broad range of nations and project types. One method of this is to look at local set up and taboos associated with constriction since these are some of the things that influence how a project goes (Wimalaratne and Gajendran, 2021). As noted above, however these variations enrich the data, they also complicate comparisons and generalization of the findings. Of course, recognizing these limitations, the study aims at giving recommendations in some settings and conditions. Nevertheless, the research imposes its objective to contribute useful knowledge of the general constructability principles which can be tailored in accordance with the specific project conditions and join to the best practices of the world constructions management.

2 CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review

This chapter gives the essence of constructability as a technology used in modern projection management projects (Jadidoleslami et al 2022). Tutors Design and building integrate various people's interests like constructability to make projects perform very well. From the US Construction Industry Institute where the adoption of constructability dates back to the 1970s, it encouraged incorporating such experience into the design and planning stages. Such projects often require numerous and complicated stakes, technological needs, and danerous risks, hence including constructability is compulsory for a good outcome. Utilising the constructability in the project’s life cycle makes the teams aware of any inbuilt challenges or issues. As a result, the project goes on smoothly when they are dealt with in advance leading to a high-performing project overall.

Constructability is another essential factor that defines building projects’ success and is gradually gaining recognition as a component of modern construction management. For this reason, it incorporates construction knowledge into the design and planning phases so that potential issues can be detected and fixed as soon as they occur. Correlatively, constructability is substantially more stringent in complex projects involving most of the stakeholders, high technological demands and risks inherent in the process. Some constructability issues that may help teams perform better and complete projects more easily may be implemented right from the onset of a project’s life cycle (Ogbu and Ebiminor, 2021). Finally, constructability also leads to work integration among engineers, designers as well as construction managers enhancing effective problem-solving. Thus, the complex and unpredictable aspects of modern construction projects and the desire for more effective delivery of constructed projects require collaboration.

5 Review of existing work

According to Jadidoleslami et al 2022, Through the implementation of a mixed sampling procedure (a mixed-methods design combining data interpretation methods, such as qualitative in-depth interviews with data analytical methods, a quantitative approach) the influence of factors in constructability implementation for complex construction projects was evaluated. The research findings reveal a number of key challenges which include but are not limited to unsuccessful contract agreements, insufficient trust and credibility among different stakeholders, inefficacy in communication and information accessibility, and refusal to adapt the existing management techniques. Further, the study explains the STAIRS (STAge-Indipper arrangements and Integrated Projects Delivery) framework which is an arrangement that uses IPD principles to get over these limitations and better address constructability aspects. The framework highlights the relationship between the approaches of IPDS after research and the valid resolutions while serving a guideline for the committed IPDS teams who seek to advance the construction integrations in challenging construction projects.

Constructability is a factor that determines building projects to a large extend and is slowly but surely receiving recognition as one of the critical element of present day management. To increase the probabilities of the identification of potential issues at an early stage, it must incorporate construction-related information into the design and planning functions. It is worth to notice that starting from the seventies the US Construction Industry Institute (CII) has been one of the key promoters of constructability as a process which, according to the institute, can have positive impact on the final results of construction projects. By applying this method, expenses are reduced, the efficiency of work on the project is increased, and potential hazards are identified and eliminated. Contrary to this, constructability is a lot more important in complex projects with many of the stakeholders, complicated technology needs, and risks that are always associated with the projects (Hussain and Jergeas, 2021). Some of the ways that will help the teams to ease project work and increase the level of performance include identifying and solving potential problems at the early stage of project development and including constructability. Constructability also motivates teamwork more so between engineers, designers, and construction managers; hence, problem-solving is more integrated. Due to the complexity and the unpredictable nature of today’s construction projects and, consequently, for being able to increase the successful completion rates of the construction projects, it is imperative to emphasize the significance of the collaboration.

Basically, the application of constructability concepts entails managing challenges that relate to people apart from technical issues. To apply constructability successfully, leadership, open communication, and centralization of all the project’s participants are essential. When initiating a project design it is possible to get vital data from experienced construction workers that can refrain from costly changes and time loss. The evaluations in constructability can also be useful in ensuring that the project design that has been developed is feasible, reasonably priced and in accord with the targets of a particular project in its broad sense (Abadi and Sammuneh, 2020). These evaluations are often followed by finding other substitute constructions methods and materials that can enhance the outcomes even more. Constructability assumes a progressively principal role as the building sector grows with new innovation and approaches. Better and detailed constructability reviews are achieved if the tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), in which scenarios and issues are identified and resolved before beginning actual construction, are employed. As a results, the project yields increased sustainability and safety as well as efficiency as a proactive approach.

Figure 1: The practical framework to facilitate constructability implementation using the IPD approach

(Source: Jadidoleslami et al 2022)

According to , 2022, The empirical study did a meticulous examination and its conclusion depicted ways that constructability notions impact projects every now and then. It comprehensively scoured the literature extensively and employed an intensive poll of industry workers to agglomerate key ideas neatly by project phase. It was also engaged in a case study within a typical steel production enterprise so as to pinpoint the company's case of the principles (constructability) According to its findings, the study extensively came to the conclusion on how the processes of construction can be strengthened, that in its turn brings efficient productivity of quality of cost effectiveness in the building projects. In addition, it was a study case conducted within a popular mid-size steel production company which helped to identify practical ways of putting these ideas into practice. Study showed that the advanced construction systems help in flexibilization of resources not only through reduced waste and flooring work but also financial improvement.

The nature of constructability plays a very significant role in determining the success of building projects and it has recently started receiving recognition as being an essential factor that defines modern day project management. This indicates that possible problems are solved at the design phase and or planning phase in order to contain potential problems at the construction phase of the project. For many years, the majority of the US Construction Industry Institute CII describes constructability as its key concept that may offer positive impacts towards the outcomes of projects (Smadi and Minchin, 2022). This way of working makes the costs less, raises the total efficiency of project work, and reveals and eliminates risks. Constructability is also far more vital when it comes to complicated projects where most of the stakeholders are involved, complex technologies are used, or there are risks that are embedded in the project. Project teams can facilitate the project work and achieve better results by identifying and planning to overcome the challenges at the early stage of project development and incorporating constructability. Constructability also leads to integrated work of engineers, designers and construction managers, which culminates in integrated problem solving. The various and unpredictable nature of modern construction works and, therefore, the prospects for increased successful project completion require collaboration.

In the same way in which constructability principles means dealing with people in addition to technical challenges. Communication is also critical in constructability where all the concerned stakeholders in a project need to be strong and coordinated in their efforts to apply constructability optimally. Experienced construction workers must be involved at the initial design stages, because a construction veteran is able to provide useful information that can avoid costs for revisions and additional time. The constructability assessments can also be useful for ensuring that the project design provided is feasible, not costly, and consistent with the goals of the project on the whole (Qi et al 2021). Very often, such evaluations lead to identification of other construction alternatives that enhance project outcomes to an even greater extent. Constructability increases its significance as the building sector grows with new technology and more effective methods. Greater and more detailed constructability reviews are now feasible when applied technology such as BIM is employed because means that teams are able to see issues that are inflict on the construction and then rectify to address them before the construction process begins. It should also be noted that such a mindset ensures higher levels of sustainability and safety in the organization, not to mention project effectiveness.

Furthermore, real data shows that results can be improved significantly by using constructability principles were planned systematically. Examples include the constructability assessments that, when implemented during the design phases of a project, can cause a reduction in change orders and minimization of rework, hence lowering the general costs of the project. The constructability concept has been established in studies to enhance project plans to accommodate fluctuations and alterability and the management of changes and unexpected conditions. Constructability can be applied in different ways in the real world especially in the construction of commercial buildings, industrial and even the residential ones(Fadoul et al, 2020). Constructability when introduced at the early stage of a construction project plays a major role where the optimal use of available resources, minimization of wasted resources particularly the construction materials, and the assurance of the most efficient construction process is enhanced. Constructability can potentially significantly increase the standards of managing the construction sector projects because it enforces the idea of preventing problem-solving instead of solving once a problem occurs.

Figure 2: Significance of constructability in the conceptual planning phase approach

(Source: , 2022)

According to Faraji et al 2023The paper entitled “A Constructability Assessment Model Based on BIM in Urban Renewal Projects in Limited Lands” deals with some crucial themes of urbanization, with a focus on the revival of the aging Tehran districts. Peculiar challenges arise from space limitations together with the necessity to use effective construction techniques – the difficulties notable when the process takes place in restrictively limited areas and resources (Smadiet al 2022). This article provides precise and clear lists of design elements that are imperative in the renewal of urban settings. Some of these include; availability of competent labour, safety measures, resource utilization, structural reduction, and space utilization respectively. These components are crucial in order to secure the sustainability and efficiency of revitalisation plans in dense and limited metropolitan environments. The literature review carried out in the study established 28 constructability variables that are used in the evaluation of constructability.

Figure 3: Schematic view of the sequential steps of the research methodology

(Source: Faraji et al 2023)

Such variables are elements such as the measurement units, precautions, simplicity of construction plans and design, provision and distribution of resources, and workforce. 52 respondents engage in a survey-based technique to determine the relevance of each factor (Qiet al 2021). The process involves comparing the management strategies in pairs and the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To greedily rank and simultaneously decide the most valuable constructability parameters, the work employs Technique for Order preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Some of the factors that TOPSIS gave high importance for the urban renewal projects on the limited lands were standard dimensions which guarantee the design consistency, strict safety measure, simple structure designs to advance construction, effective use of the resources and availability of the skilled manpower. Thus, the study contributes to the development of the discipline by presenting a clear structure for constructability assessment in urban renewal plans. It stressed the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as an effective tool enhancing constructability assessments (Fadoulet al 2020). It is for this reason that through BIM one can simulate and visualize then plan for all the construction aspects hence consider all construction problems in their planning stage.Using this strategy is more advisable for urban redevelopment projects as it is more effective and economic, particularly in small urban areas where many factors influence the results of a project. It also serves to provide practical knowledge to stakeholders in regeneration developments as well as future depth and expansion to theoretical knowledge. The study has a top down approach of arrangements hence offering a bias free way of decision making by using analytic measures like AHP and TOPSIS to determine constructability criteria. Thus, the architectural framework developed in this study may prove useful for architects, legislators, and urban planners to make the right decisions and allocate resources where they are most effective, thereby aiding in streamlining the construction process and achieving better results for their projects. In addition, the shift in the assessment model for the urban renewal processes is an indication of the new approach towards this subject by adopting the use of BIM.

Figure 4. Constructability factors’ ranking using the AHP

(Source: Faraji et al 2023)

BIM ability to mimic construction processes and represent project complexity enables the integration of multi-disciplinary teams’ decision-making. This reduces costly rework and time due to discovering issues such as design clashes and constructability issues at a later stage (Akhnoukhet al 2022). Hence, high productivity, cost control and sustainability can be achieved in respect of the stakeholders of urban regeneration projects. I find the conclusions of the study particularly relevant to Tehran, as there are significant challenges for more sustainable development since Tehran is rapidly growing as an urban center and the amount of available land is limited. The research also discovers and categorizes constructability characteristics special to these scenarios and lists them as priorities to address by practitioners, offering helpful tips to tackling intricate urban regeneration projects in practice. In the study, the importance of the systematic approach to constructability assessment, which takes into consideration the specificity of the urban regeneration projects implemented at the constrained land is underlined. Incorporation of the elements presented in the study provides a clear understanding of how BIM technology enhances the sustainability and viability of urban renewal projects. This in return will assist in developing better strategies for addressing issues with urbanization in Tehran and potentially other cities that grapple with similar issues globally.

Figure 5: Design elements ranked using the AHP

(Source: Faraji et al 2023)

According to Mia Jeanette Simon 2023 The research paper focusing on the research question titled, ‘application of constructability principles in design bid build construction projects?’ deals with the ongoing need to enhance constructability factors for design-bid-build construction projects in the building industries. For public projects, design-bid-build is still the dominant form of procurement; however, it essentially does not encourage timely integration between the contractors and designers, and hence omits possible enhancements to constructability. Therefore, to bridge this gap, the research recommended the development of a mobile application which would assist design engineers with proper constructability during the design phase (Akhnoukhet al 2021). This technology aims to improve the construction considerations at the beginning of the project by incorporating construction expert knowledge which has been acquired from interviews. The tool assists designers in putting this knowledge into the design process to offer better constructibility of designs which could minimize delay and rework expenses. Moreover, throughout the project life cycle, especially from the stage of project mobilization, the importance of constructability-oriented stakeholders’ interactions, such as between the design engineers and construction specialists, is also emphasized in the study.

Figure 6: The 24 most mentioned advice phrases grouped into 12 categories

(Source: Faraji et al 2023 )

It presents a collaboration plan that has constructability for focus and is aimed at increasing the identification and management of constructability issues at various project phases . Being focused on cooperation, mentoring, and open communication between project’s stakeholders, it is crucial to provide constant development and application of strategies for reaching maximal results throughout project’s work. Several difficulties and opportunities of the research surface from the validation interviews conducted with the industry participants (McLeod, 2021). The interviews mentioned above show the issues existing with constructability-centred collaboration such as ingrown biasness, lack of willingness to adapt, and differences in point of view. Six recommendations are offered in the report for enhancing communication to address these problems: tools, positive reinforcers, and collaboration culture as established in cross-project teams. Furthermore, the research identifies analogies with the tenets of IPD and calls for an integrated approach, which implies the search for cooperation beyond the typical boundaries. It sheds a light to the extent to which the mobilization session has to be optimized for cooperative work such as protective planning, scheduling, and participation of all stakeholders.

Figure 7: Collaborative mobilization activities versus the advice provided by interview participants

(Source: Faraji et al 2023)

The mobilization interviews also imply that there is inefficiency in the implementation of collaboration which reduces the likelihood of reaping the benefits fully. In conclusion, the constructability tool that has been proposed and the constructability-focused collaboration strategy suggest feasible practices for improving results in DBB projects (Bonillaet al 2022). A culture of construction consciousness may be created, the prices may be reduced, and the degree of project efficiency perhaps enhanced where construction knowledge is included as input during the design phase and during the organizational phase of project mobilization. The findings of this research accentuate the importance of casting in practical active cooperation and enhancing knowledge exchange that may help in maximizing the effectiveness of building works; the authors urge the usage of the identified techniques in construction field improvement.

Figure 8: Identified obstacles, links between concepts and aspects to be considered

(Source: Faraji et al 2023)

According to Fadoul et al 2020 The proposed paper titled ‘A Knowledge-Based Model for Constructability Assessment of Buildings Design Using BIM’ outlines the possibilities to implement the constructability’s concepts into building design procedures to enhance the timeliness and efficiency of construction activities (Ershadiet al 2021). This papers shows that early implementation of those concepts reduce risks, decreases costs and improves project outcomes for all the actors involved: designers, contractors, and clients. The studies show that there is a vast necessity for a tool that authorizes the designers to integrate constructability factors cleanly at the early stages of design because of the increased intricacy in building design. This technique is very relevant in the conceptual design stage since it ensures that the constructability forms part of the design solution and is not an issue noticed later while constructing (Ershadi2021). The paper proposes the modeling system built on BIM which is expected to increase the construction assessment as high as possible in the design of buildings. Three interrelated elements are at the center of this framework: In the first place, practical information gathered from users and standards applied in the industry are incorporated into the Constructibility Model (CM). This saving is possible due to this methodology that pays emphasis on buildability and efficiency during operations as enhanced by constructionists. Second, the BIM Design Model is crucial as it contains a large amount of information within the BIM setting.

Figure 9: Components of the proposed modelling framework

(Source: Fadoul et al 2020)

This entails details on construction features and materials, internal layouts, and other factors necessary in performing sound constructability reviews. Finally, the constructiveness of the design models is noted again and the BIM Design Model contains detailed information and the upgraded knowledge forms the Constructability Model moves to the Assessment Model (AM) . At the initial stages of design, this integration results in the possibility of the active consideration and assessment of constructability-related issues (Leeet al 2020). The AM contributes to effective decision-making by predicting possible construction challenges and proposing changes to increase the project’s feasibility and construction processes’ efficiency.The directions suggested in the paper “A Knowledge-Based Model for Constructability Assessment of Buildings Design Using BIM’ are that it is possible to carry out the concept of constructability into the buildup design procedures to increase the productivity of construction processes (Shoar and Chileshe, 2021). This papers shows that early implementation of those concepts reduce risks, decreases costs and improves project outcomes for all the actors involved: designers, contractors, and clients such as those profiled in this paper. The literature reviews indicate that there is a massive need for a tool that enables the designers to incorporate the constructability factors in a clean manner in the early designs because of the rising complexity of buildings. This technique is very relevant in the conceptual design stage since it ensures that the constructability forms part of the design solution and is not an issue noticed later while constructing.

Figure 10: Proposed CM hierarchy

(Source: Fadoul et al 2020)

In this regard, the paper presents the modeling system on BIM which is assumed to elevate the construction assessment as high as possible at the design of buildings. Three interrelated elements are at the center of this framework: First, the model uses practical information for and from other users and adopts standards allowed in the industry and features a tool called the Constructibility Model (CM). This saving is possible because of this methodology that focuses both in the construction process as well as in the physical operations aspects, as improved by constructionists. Secondly, the BIM Design Model is vital because it holds considerable information for a BIM environment (Alleman and Tran, 2020). This refer to aspects such as construction attributes, building materials, planning requirements, and any other information that is essential in the constructive analysis carried out on the project. Once again, constructive nature of the design models is found to be noteworthy and BIM Design Model is enriched with details and the upgraded knowledge forms the Constructibility Model transports itself to the Assessment Model (Ahmed and Mahjoob, 2023). During the early design phases of a project, this integration means that one can actively consider and appraise constructability-related problems. The AM also supports good decisions by anticipating construction issues and suggesting alterations for improvement of the feasibility of the project and construction procedures.

Figure 11: Use Case

(Source: Fadoul et al 2020)

Research gap According to the literature review the most important findings in connection ith the targeted technique “buildability” implementation on complex construction sites have been revealed. On the contrary, a breach is still not closed among the delivery of research results and the formulation of practical structures for the development of constructability. Nevertheless, there is scant knowledge about how technocracy can be employed to develop specific strategies which would work perfectly in specific project contexts(Samimpey and Saghatforoush, 2020). The fact that Mohsenijam's work (2022) shows the likelihood of project success based on a case study is a nice touch, but a similar approach may not work in different project types and sectors. There is a gap in the current academic work as not enough researches have been conducted on this matter so that the results may be generalized and considered reliable. The available literature review shows some of the following areas that should be explored further in the constructability within construction projects. First, there is a need for more empirical research into the impact of constructability on results in different construction project types Recognizing this has authorities encouraging the involvement of constructability concepts in initial design stages leveraging on technologies such as BIM. At the same time, at the moment, the focus of most investigations lies in the theoretical developments and propositions of conceptual paradigms rather than undertaking comprehensive empirical verification across varied settings (Li and Samarasinghe, 2020). Further researches could, therefore, systematically analyse the actual value of dollars, time, and improved quality that the application of constructability concepts offers across various categories of projects, including infrastructural, business, and residential construction projects.

It was suggested that a more precise understanding of how constructability methods can be transported to other contexts and applied to different projects, the as exploitation of this empirical research (Padala and Maheswari, 2023). Second, there is a lack of literature in the current body of knowledge and shared communication in construction projects where constructability is considered and evaluated to a greater extent from a technical perspective and in terms of the Application of modeling frameworks and BIM tools. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the organizational and cultural antecedents that facilitate the constructability techniques’ effectiveness on construction projects. Studies may look at implementation processes and effectiveness of constructability by assessing the impact of factors such as team interaction, organizational climate, and leadership approaches. Knowledge management and collaboration is a cross-functional process that involves the integration of different entities, and hence, it is essential to have due regard of the socio-cultural influence when developing the strategies for decision making (Tampio and Haapasalo, 2022). In addition, while some research works address the integration of concepts of the IPD with constructability methods, there is no detailed analysis of the best practices that the utilization of IPD can facilitate to enhance the constructability results. Subsequent studies regarding the increased use of collaborative techniques, practical uses of contracts, and organizational models needed for the successful application of IPD in building projects are essential (Mitropoulos and Tajima, 2022). It would provide valuable information on how project delivery processes might be enhanced if there is more collaboration and risk-profits arrangements.

Another area of research concerns the increase in constructability knowledge in newer technologies and trends in construction approach, for example, digital twins, modular buildings, and green construction. Various stakeholders within the construction industry may therefore need to seek ways on how constructability could adapt and align with these potential opportunities for improvements in the overall efficiency of the sector (Rasdorfet al 2023). Last but not the least, there still lacks sufficient study on how the constructability concepts might be changed and used in the developing countries especially when it come to certain socio-economic setting and infrastructure constraints because many of the literature often refer to developed countries and mega projects. Future studies in this area might investigate barriers and enablers to constructability adoption based on regions or sectors on a project, which could result in an optimized framework for improving the results of construction projects. Hence, although current knowledge provides sound foundational knowledge of how constructability can enhance project performance, additional empirical studies on different types of projects, influences of culture and language in constructability analysis, constructability in integrated project delivery, management of constructability to adapt to new trends, and consideration of global contexts will add knowledge advancement and practice of construction management.

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

The study will use a two-arm mixed-methods research approach, one is by integration of qualitative and quantitative methodologies and the other is to appraise how constructability framework is probably getting implemented in the constructive projects. The implementation of mixed-methods approach in this study will let the researchers abate fully into the sphere of the phenomenon via the employments of the advantages of qualitative as well as quantitative data collection and analysis (Simon, 2023). The part of the qualitative part that would consist of in-depth interviews with representatives of the main actors in the situation, including contractors, subject experts and project managers partners up these qualitative and quantitative data, the researchers aim to get through something that gives big picture view of the implementation of constructability methods that might be used for preventive improvement programs at any stage of construction. In conducting this research, surveys and questionnaires with a focus on quantitative data are adopted with a view to collection of primary data. The preferred approach entails employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), which ensures that constructability is examined in a detailed and meticulous manner in complex project management. In order to gather data, using survey questionnaires will be conducted among the project managers, building industry specialists, and other interested parties. For the purpose of data collection, the questionnaire will comprise of both close-ended and the constructed ones. While the open-ended questions will provide an opportunity of obtaining qualitative information, the closed-ended questions are likely to yield quantitative information (Tarekegn Gurmu, 2023). As a result of the efficiency and effectiveness in descriptive and inferential statistics, regression analysis, and testing for statistical significance, SPSS will be employed to work on the data that has been collected. This software will enhance the analysis by making it easier to interpret and present the findings of the research in a way that is easy to understand. The survey method, therefore, require development of comprehensive questionnaires, identification of target samples, distribution of questionnaires through various channels, and establishment of follow-up mechanisms to ensure a near perfect response rate is obtained. However, no matter how detailed the design is, it means that the outcomes could be influenced by response bias, potential sample size constraints, cultural and geographic differences (Yin and Caldas, 2022). Data cleansing and preparation, inferential statistics, descriptive statistics, and result’s implications based on study objective are part of the data analysis plan. As with many qualitative research designs, patterns and themes will emerge when identifying ideas and framework grounded on facts. In conclusion, this technique serves the primary purpose of providing a solid framework through which difficult constructability in project management can be understood and enhanced. Nonetheless, applying surveys as quantitative research and using SPSS for advanced statistical analysis is expected to offer distinct purpose to provide meaningful conclusions and suggested solutions.

Figure 12: Approaches of constructability

(Source: https://www.ownerteamconsult.com/)

Settings and data to satisfy the objectives The 2023 Report will look at data collected online and at random locations. Web surveys will be distributed among experts in construction from various spheres and undertakings for the sake of a general dataset (Fadoul et al 2020). Through putting together the questionnaire, It will collect both qualitative and quantitative data from participants. The data that would be collected from the online questionnaires will be used to complement the results of the in-person interviews which will be performed by members from the research team. Data collection will use a number of people stakeholders including the owner project, designer, and contractor and construction manager for purposes of getting a complete picture of the buildability implementation process from differing points of view. Researchers have set out to work with real individuals from different settings, projects, and organizational contexts that may paint the full complexity of the depth and context coming into play across many implementations of constructability. The research is conducted under an intricate project context in the construction industry for fulfilling the objectives of the selected methodology. As the main purpose of the data collection will be to gather first-hand information from the practitioners engaged in these activities, This category includes those in project managers, engineers, contractors, and other pertinent parties who have direct experience and knowledge in the application of constructability principles (Issa and Alqurashi, 2020). For the primary data gathering technique, a structured survey will be employed, and it will be administered online, through emails, survey websites, trade fairs, and similar platforms.

The questionnaire design will also consider all the areas related to constructability issues, including challenges, the solutions, and the outcome. It will also mean that both closed ended questions through which quantitative information will be gathered and open ended through which qualitative information will be gathered will be used. To improve the validity of the sample and relevance of data collected, participants will be selected based on the complexity of building projects they are involved with. Notably, in an effort to ensure that the findings of this study give a comprehensive picture of constructability in different environments and situations, the sampling method will endeavor to select a diverse group of projects and participants. As a direct result of the complex quantitative analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) will be used to analyze the collected data. Volumes of data can be handled with the program to determine the presence of trends and correlations with inferential statistical tests and simply describe the data with descriptive statistical tests. This will contain mean, median, and standard deviation, correlation analysis, and other related work such as regression analysis. In order to eliminate any risk of errors and ensure that the results are reliable, the analytical procedure will start with data cleansing. This involves looking at the responses for gaps, outliers and any occurrences where values appear to be missing. After cleaning the data, descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the data collected on the responses while inferential statistics will then be used to make meaningful conclusions.

The motives of the analysis are to understand general problems, define key factors that influence constructability in complex projects, and evaluate the effectiveness of the diverse strategies. Such approach will facilitate the process of coming up with themes and patterns that are obtained directly from the data collected hence generating theories and frameworks from real data. In conclusion, the ways and means for collecting data are designed to provide an all-embracing approach towards constructability in complex projects’ management. As a result of scrutinizing the literature review, the administration of a well-formulated survey, the identification of a sample that is representative of the population, and the analysis of the resulting data through the use of SPSS, the study aims to provide practical results and recommendations for increasing constructability within the construction industry. 72 Analysis of process Data gathered with this secondary methods approach will be analyzed with both qualitative and quantitative techniques in order to gain understanding the trends and problems and also to have an opportunity of implementation. The analysts will employ thematic analysis to find themes, concepts, or a comprehension from the qualitative data that have been gathered through interviews (Al-Fadhli, 2020). The survey info will be in the line with the qualitative results to draw more comprehensive info about the issue. The line of collecting both qualitative and quantitative data will be very important in the stage of analyzing. For effecting such unity the researchers will be using data transformation techniques e.g. translating the qualitative themes into quantitative variables this in turn will make it easier for different data kinds to converge and be compared. This integration would make it possible for the researchers to get a thorough and profound insight into the factors that affect the workers as well as into the suggested strategies and tactics which are the most up-to-date. The kind of procedure of the methodology is to regulate and assess the facts systematically which assists in addressing the objectives of the study.

The first step is to collect information from project managers, engineers, and other people engaged in complex constructions through questionnaires. These surveys are structured in such a way that they include closed-ended and open-ended questions in order to ensure that hi-quality quantitative and qualitative data is collected on constructability techniques being implemented, constructability issues being faced and constructability results being achieved. Cleansing of the data is the next process that should be carried out after data collection. This involves the review and cleaning of the results of the responses to ensure that they are accurate, complete, and consistent this ensures that the dataset obtained is complete, accurate, and reliable. Data cleaning is the process of ensuring the quality of data that forms the basis of analysis since the data has to be clean in order to have any value for analysis. As for the profound statistical analysis of the cleaned data, the statistical package for the social sciences or spss is applied. Some examples of the descriptive statistics used at the beginning of this process are measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Descriptive analysis helps in mastering fundamental characteristics of the data set in question. After this. Inferential statistic tests are performed to look for patterns with the studied material and get important conclusions out of it. This could involve carrying out hypothesis testing to test study hypotheses, carrying out regression analysis to assess of the impact of independent factors on dependent variables and correlation analysis to assess relationship between variables. The response to the open-ended questions which are required from the survey participants are analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques that are employed to identify theme and patterns that are supportive of theaspect of constructability problems and strategies.

The final stage carry out an analytic process is making a qualitative interpretation of the statistical data in context of the goals of the given study. This stage translates the quantitative outcomes into significant findings and recommendations. To address the research questions, it mainly centers on examining the factors determining constructability within complex projects, integration, and formulation of effective plans and guidelines anchored on facts and evidence. In conclusion, it is possible to mention that analysis is a specific procedure that prescribes the correct handling and understanding of data. This research endeavours to ensure both the identification and explanation of constructability in complex project management through the employment of both qualitative and quantitative techniques with the use of statistical testing through the statistical package for social sciences known as SPSS.

Figure 13: Analysis of constructability process

(Source: https://www.ownerteamconsult.com/)

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Introduction

The main findings and discussion of the survey conducted to understand implement ability in the construction industry among 60 participants of different age groups are explained in this chapter. The collected data focused on how the industry professionals in the four provinces perceived, used, and comprehend the constructability ideas in varying phases of a project. Pertaining to the identification of general demographic information of the respondents, the points of data collected included the main role of the respondent in their organization, their awareness or otherwise of constructability concepts, the frequency with which they implement constructability, perceived benefits of constructability, and barriers to the implementation of constructability. The poll also covered the assessment of how constructability and sustainability objectives are incorporated, and the applications of technologies such as BIM. Findings of the investigation were presented in the form of pie charts, bar graphs as well as frequency tables. Descriptive statistics; frequencies; and two-step clustering tests were also included. The main research themes included the clients and their age, impact on industry experience and innovation, understanding and implementation of constructability principles, pros and cons of constructability, the use of technologies as an enabler for Constructability, relation with other sustainability objectives, client’s involvement and timing and degree of contractors’ involvement in Constructability. These types of research questions will also be discussed in this chapter, accompanied by the description of data presentation and findings’ analysis. The outcomes of the survey are aimed at providing useful information about the state of constructability implementation in as is condition of the construction industry and to highlight the areas of increased need and research interest. Analysis Regarding constructability implementation in the construction sector, it can be seen that it is a complex process, as evidenced by the views presented by the unfamiliarity with the constructability implementation, the inconsistent use of constructability implementation, and the constructability implementation’s impact among the companies surveyed. In general there is consensus of the fact that by incorporating constructability there exists a positive impact on the outcomes of the project in concern but there is a variance in the views of when and how it can be applied (Jain and Schwegler, 2023). Challenges that are central pertain to time constraints and the lack of experience highlight the need to enhance the training and the efficiency of the procedures. It is still possible that additional possibilities exist by engaging digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and other supporting technologies to develop constructability initiatives, due to the wide differences in their application.

Figure 14: Dataset

(Source: Self-created)

The extent of constructability and sustainability implementation is different, as well as the concept about the importance of incorporating early contractor interference. Opinions on effectiveness of the constructability in managing risks and its contribution to successful projects vary, but there is consensus that not all projects of organizations will benefit in the same way. This is well illustrated by the fact that there are several incidences of conflict between design and construction practicalities (Fobiri2022). Additionally, such findings imply the need for more information within the business since constructability training is not equally provided. Taking all of this into consideration, these outcomes imply that the concept of constructability has its value recognized to some extent, along with demonstrating that there exists a considerable prospect of improvement in constructability standards, educational programs, as well as the application of constructability principles throughout the entire life span of a project.

Figure 15: Bar chart of age group

(Source: Self-created)

In the bar chart, the distribution of survey respondents concerning their age bracket can be observed. The age groupings are represented by the x-axis and are as follows: Young adults, young middle aged, middle aged, old middle aged and senior adults respectively. The frequency, or the total number of responders, in each age group is plotted on the y-axis (Okudan2021). This means that out of the total respondents, slightly more than twenty of the respondents falls under the age of between 36 to 45 years as shown in the chart below. The third most frequent group is the age group of 26–35 with an approximate frequency of 18 responders. The 46-55 age group has about 14 responders which becomes another strong representation. The least represented age groupings are the 18 – 25 and 56 and above with approximately 8 and 7 replies respectively(Jiang2021). The poll findings show that a significant number of the respondents are middle aged people, specifically those aged between 26 and 45 years. This might mean this age group is more interested or involved in the survey subject matter. The apparent lower incidence in the oldest and youngest population could mean that there is a lower level of concern with the survey or subject matter.

Some of the respondents highlighted that they applied principles of constructability “rarely” or “never,” while others said the opposite – “always” or “often.” Such disparity proves the absence of well-established methods and the absence of clear protocols in this sphere. Most of the respondents have a perception that constructability improves the aspect of a project in one way or the other. Many of the respondents described it as having a relatively ‘good’ to ‘very good’ impact on enhancing results (Zadeh2023). Such a positive perception of constructability’s impact suggests that its uptake would increase if the benefits are explained and quantified better. Several large challenges to constructability implementation were identified; the duo of ‘time’ and ‘information’ was sighted most frequently. Hence, it is concluded that in an effort to raise industry competence, enhanced constructability processes as well as better training and educational programs need to be developed.

Figure 17: Survey question on significant barrier

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

The area where most of the plan’s construction was feasible was not clearly established during the best project phase for constructability. All the phases of conceptual planning, design, procurement, and construction were d in the responses given. This supports the conclusion that a constructability model is beneficial in practically every aspect of a construction project’s life-cycle; it also emphasizes that there is debate over when, exactly, such principles should be implemented (Wang2022). The application of this technology has the potential of enhancing the application of constructability but since BIM is inevitably used by the respondents as indicated by their ratings that range from never to always there might be a weak correlation between their use of the technology and the improvement of constructability. According to the survey the levels of integration of use of constructability in the context of implementing organization sustainability objectives range from ‘not integrated at all’ to ‘fully integrated. ’ The presence of such variation suggests that most enhancing organizations could still improve on their integration ability even as some of them succeed to connect constructability with more general sustainability goals (Bhawani, 2021). Concerning the importance of constructability implementation the following plans were provided by the respondents: They even seem to be unaware of when it is most appropriate to engage the contractor in the constructability process.

Figure 18: Bar chart of primary role in construction projects

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

The findings of this survey indicate the distribution of key jobs in building projects which are illustrated in this bar chart. The abscissa contains several job titles, the ordinate contains frequency. Second, one of the highest bars reaches almost 17, which make engineers appear to be the most widespread job. The following list includes other professions with frequencies ranging between 11 and 14, contractors, and project managers are among them (Pervez2022). Architects and Not classified specialists follow close behind with an occurrence of approximately twelve. Around five, there is the least number of response in the ‘Other’ where people can elaborate the option if there job title is not listed. Based on such a distribution, the most exercised disciplines in building projects encompass those of engineering before the management and planning roles of project managers and the contractors. In contrast, the representation of specialists or marginal professions in the “Other” category is progressively diminishing, but architectural positions remain significant. The diagram provides an idea of how construction projects involve a range of professions and engineering disciplines in particular and a glimpse of what practice roles within project teams typically look like. Discussion of findings The analysis of the survey data provides many significant findings that concern the structure of participants’ ages in construction projects and their roles. The age-wise distribution of the frequency table and pie chart is almost even; the highest percentage, 30 percent, belongs to the age range of 36-45; the second highest to the 26-35 age range with 28.

Figure 19: Bar chart of primary role in construction projects

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

The following bar chart illustrates the usage level of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with regard to the frequency of respondents’ usage. The following frequencies of BIM use are represented by the x-axis: The Likert scale will consist of Always, Never, Often, Rarely, and Sometimes. On the y-axis you can see the number of responders to each category. The use of BIM in their work is highest among the respondents in the 16 percent who always use BIM. The last group is seldom ever user with approximately 15 responders. The category Sometimes is also quite large, having approximately 13 participants’ responses. On the other hand, the two lowest frequency responders were the “Often” and “Never” groups with only approximately six responders each (Moses2020) . As suggested by the statistical analysis, there is a clear evidence of a bipolarity trend in the BIM usage, with a good number of the respondents using BIM either regularly (always) or hardly ever (rarely and occasionally). The lower frequencies in the ‘Often’ and ‘Never’ groups may indicate that, while some users claim that BIM is absolutely necessary for their workflow, there are others who may only occasionally require it; however, there might be a subpopulation that falls somewhere in between these two categories. This might be because different roles or tasks within the business may have different levels of reliance on BIM technology.

Figure 20: Frequency table

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

It also implies that there are other factors other than age that define people, although this study does not reveal details about them. Ranking ‘fair’ for the cluster quality test means that the obtained clusters are rather distinguishable yet somewhat coherent (Padala, 2022). Despite what the results show, there may be some overlapping of the groups which seem to be fairly distinctive but not exceptionally so, which means that the participants are likely to possess some of the traits that belong to one or several of the groups indicated above. Cohort frequency statistics revealed that no respondent had any missing data and all the 60 respondents completed the survey rightfully by responding to different survey questions (Wang2023). The given full dataset helps to enhance the results’ reliability. Some of the questions that were posed encompassed aspects of the main function of building projects, usage of Building Information Modeling (BIM), and general perceptions towards its effectiveness.

Figure 21: Bar chart

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

The following bar chart illustrates the usage level of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with regard to the frequency of respondents’ usage. The following frequencies of BIM use are represented by the x-axis: The Likert scale will consist of Always, Never, Often, Rarely, and Sometimes. On the y-axis you can see the number of responders to each category. The use of BIM in their work is highest among the respondents in the 16 percent who always use BIM. The last group is seldom ever user with approximately 15 responders. The category Sometimes is also quite large, having approximately 13 participants’ responses. On the other hand, the two lowest frequency responders were the “Often” and “Never” groups with only approximately six responders each (Chang and Antwi-Afari, 2023) . As suggested by the statistical analysis, there is a clear evidence of a bipolarity trend in the BIM usage, with a good number of the respondents using BIM either regularly (always) or hardly ever (rarely and occasionally). The lower frequencies in the ‘Often’ and ‘Never’ groups may indicate that, while some users claim that BIM is absolutely necessary for their workflow, there are others who may only occasionally require it; however, there might be a subpopulation that falls somewhere in between these two categories. This might be because different roles or tasks within the business may have different levels of reliance on BIM technology.

Figure 22: Pie chart

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

This is due to the fact that their perspective on such matters as the implementation of BIM could be very enlightening. There are naturally slightly fewer mature and elderly professionals included in the 46-55 (16. 7 %) and 56+ (11. 7 %) age groups, but these also appear valuable, especially for receiving information on recent changes in the sector and Ideas of how to act. For the meantime however, the 13 (Pawansingh and Kakade, 2022). New perspectives might be presented by 3% of participants in the age range of 18-25 or more possible awareness of advanced technologies. The combination results in the creation of circumstances that allow creativity and knowledge sharing (Mutikanga2022). There is no show of an alarming shift to either the younger or older end of the workforce which indicates that the path of new blood replenishing the workforce is healthy.

Figure 23: Twostep Cluster

(Source: Self-created in SPSS)

The youngest generation, however, may be somewhat smaller, which could suggest problems with attracting or maintaining new talent that should be addressed for the benefit of the sector’s continued growth. Regarding the analysis of the subjects by both mixed data types, the two-step clustering approach is permissible, therefore suggesting that the analysis also accommodates for mean and sex, apart from age groups (Sierra2023). It provides a broader understanding of how many various aspects work simultaneously to define the construction project’s context and the workforce. These subjects indicate the industry’s advancement in technological processes and data-driven processes though the survey does not contain specifics on the implementation or effectiveness of BIM. Understanding how various segments of the workforce regard and utilize such technologies might be beneficial when designing training strategies, executing programs, and even recognizing a company’s potential champions or detractors.

Conclusion

It means that the results of the survey on the current state of constructability implementation reveal a rather mixed picture of the subject: the level of its application and the degree of understanding appears to be uneven across the age and job seniority markers. It is worth to note that, while there is a common consensus regarding the positive impact of constructability on the projects’ outcomes, the frequencies of its implementation as well as its effectiveness is not equal. Ideally, there are three main concerns that have been identified and these include, lack of sufficient time to install SCRs adequately, lack of adequate experience in the installation of SCs and lastly inadequate training that results in a poor installation of SCRs. Improvement is needed regarding the implementation of constructability and sustainability objectives and the utilization of technology such as BIM. The age of the respondents reveals a great mixture of experienced workers and young fresh brains in the sector; however, it may be critical to obtain and retain youthful people. Thus, the construction industry is recommended to focus more on the coordinated implementation of the corresponding strategies in the future, as well as to strengthen the professional training, knowledge exchange, and effective application of technology in relation to constructability throughout all project phases. More research is therefore needed to quantify constructability’s benefits and define optimal ways of applying it to a variety of project types and phases.

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

Introduction

As it has been indicated, the application of constructability concepts in complex construction projects has now turned out to be a critical factor in the enhancement of project efficiency, cost and success. Based on the identified evaluation criteria for constructability implementation, the following has been established in this study. A detailed monitoring of sixty industry professionals to assess their perceptions about constructability principles, the knowledge they have about them, and how they are implemented across the constructability phases has been conducted in this study. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that constructability implementation is a rather heterogeneous concept across professionals which means that it is familiar and known by professionals to differing extents. While constructability is confirmed to have positive impact on the final result of construction projects, the methods and approaches used in its application exhibit some deviations. Based on the previous discussion, three major concerns have been identified as follows; lack of adequate training time, lack of adequate working experience and working under certain time constraints. Constructability and sustainable aspects have a lot of potential in terms of improvements in integration with each other; there is also a lot of room for improvement with supporting technologies like BIM. In this concluding chapter, the main conclusions will be stated, with regards to their implications for the construction industry, proposals for enhanced constructability implementation especially in difficult projects will be outlined as well. It will also point out the research limitations of the undertaken study as well as provide some recommendations for possible future research in this significant area of project management.

Linking with objectives

Thus, via the methods of careful survey and analysis, the major objective of the study, which is to outline and discuss the technological challenges regarding constructability in complex building projects, has been achieved to a significant extent. The findings give a straight answer to the fundamental questions that underpin these issues and point to whether they are caused by software or other elements of the technological environment. The present survey’s results indicate that different aspects are intertwined and, therefore, possibly tied to software-related difficulties and other technology-related difficulties (Chen

2022).The given data contributes to the understanding of the subjects discussed in the context of the research objective’s identified specific concern. Some of the respondents complained that their IT environments were already outdated, this was common among the respondents working for organizations that are comparatively old or not so IT savvy. Due to an old infrastructure the process of efficiency and innovation is challenged and constructability tools and procedures of today can hardly be applied (Okudan

2021). Among them, one of the most critical was identified to be technological competence that was deemed to be low among the project participants.

Most of the respondents stated that they had not been trained enough or else they were not aware of the enhanced building technology. This lack of awareness has combined implications on the functional and age diversity levels of the sector since it forms a systemic problem that requires a comprehensive resolution. The unavailability or lack of flexibility of packaged software was also attributed to this, and some of the participants complained about how most of the present software solutions did not fit the different, complex building projects (O'Connor and Koo, 2021). This misfit often results in suboptimal implementation of work around or use of technologies that could otherwise be largely beneficial. They identified some critical issues to be solved: the absence of system integration was listed as one of the most acute problems by the respondents; many of them pointed at difficulties resulting from data segregation and incompatible applications.

That is why the implementation of constructability is directly related to this disconnection, it becomes challenging for stakeholders and the stages of the project to share information. The following conclusions, which are in line with these goals, have also been made from the descriptive analysis using the SPSS package on the survey data: Notably, correlation analysis results revealed that participants’ age had a positive correlation with their technological literacy, while firms’ size had a positive correlation with the level of technological advancement of the implemented constructability solutions and the perceived effectiveness of constructability implementation. These correlations provide valuable information about the primary drivers that affect the industry’s technological problems. Further, the analysis offered a finer view of the industrial context by defining new respondent segments looking at constructability implementation and technological preparedness. In regards to the final purpose of this research, the set of recommendations has been tailored to address these technological challenges and enhance constructability in complex projects (Tomar and Bansal, 2022). As for these recommendations one of them is to implement comprehensive technology education for all organizational levels and all the employees with the focus on construction-specific programs as well as more general computer literacy. Investing in the upgrades of the information technology to reflect the newest methods and tools for constructability. Defining or establishing efficient interoperability and system integration strategies aimed at connecting different phases of projects and their participants through the usage of software tools and applications.

The general technique of different systems being separate from each other is a major challenge, and hence there should be guidelines that meet the specific needs of software interoperability in the industry. Supporting collaboration between software developers and building specialists to create better and smarter technical solutions for complex projects. Applying the best practices of the phased steps of adopting technology, which reduce the level of interference with the current projects and allow for gradual incorporation. Allowing firms to have the aptitude to subscribe to the main technical training and development culture within the firms in a bid to be relevant with the fast changing construction technology environment (Pirzadeh2021). These suggestions engage the problems identified in a direct and confrontational manner and propose feasible ways of enhancing constructability through technology. Construction firms implementing the following strategies regarding the discussed technologies may avoid the obstacles hindering the use of constructability: It will enhance the outcomes of the projects, enhance efficiency, and thus the competitiveness in the industry (Koo2024). Therefore, the recommendations and conclusions derived from the study hold a complete response to the objectives of the research that expounds valuable findings and practical approaches for solving the technical concerns associated with constructability in complex construction projects.

Recommendations

Above all, companies have to pay utmost attention to All-level comprehensive technological training for new construction employees that include basic computer skills as well as software most relevant in construction business. This will assist in enhancing the overall proficiency of the participants in the project since they are generally lesser (Nguyen

2024). However, more attention needs to be paid to the problem of the IT environment that tends to be old which also requires investments in modern means of updating IT infrastructure to incorporate the latest constructability tools and techniques. Thirdly, in order to overcome the fact that different systems are not interrelated with one another it is highly advisable or in fact necessary to create or find unified software systems that will allow sharing information and communication between the stages of a project and its participants. Fourthly, the issue of disconnected systems will be again looked at and there will be improvement in overall efficiency when the industry yields standard expectations of software compatibility based on the OSI model. Fifth, the lack of appropriate software might be solved by the cooperation of software developers and building experts and more sophisticated and effective solutions for complex projects may be developed. Sixth, the entire concept of phasing adoption methods for technology would help to ease the changeover to a new technology as the implementation would be in phases such that it will not disrupt flow on projects (Khalef and El-adaway, 2023). Lastly, for companies to be in a position to adapt to the fast emerging construction technologies, there is enablement of continuous technological evolution within the existing companies. Some of the ways of increasing tech-savviness of users include having training sessions, workshops, and offering incentives to the staff members with the intent of enhancing their proficiency in technology. Some of the obstacles that prevent the use of constructability are hard-hitting in technology and this is an area that construction companies may address by implementing these ideas. This will enhance the outcome of the project, enhance efficiency and thus increase the competitiveness of the industry.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this research work has explained the technological challenges that hinder constructability of complex building projects. The findings of the study imply that the implementation of networks is challenging and frequently unsuccessful because of unsupported infrastructures, scarce IT knowledge, absence of matching application, and several inadequate systems. The recommendations outline a guideline on how to handle these concerns, with emphasis on proper preparation, signifying the need to have up to date facilities as well as consistent and integrated software applications and implementation of industry benchmarks. The application of these strategies will increase the competitiveness of construction companies and enhance constructability procedures along with the results of construction projects. It can, therefore, be seen that, for complex construction projects, it will be pertinent that advancements in technology are incorporated, and that the evolution of the industry is encouraged, where learning is the key to change. References

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Author Bio

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