Infectious Disease And Long-Term Conditions Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Infectious Disease And Long-Term Conditions

Lung cancer

Lung Cancer is a major and chronic illness which starts from Lungs and cell division in an uncontrolled way is a major cause of occurring Lung Cancer. Smoking and excessive tobacco consumption are the major risks factors of developing Lung Cancer among individuals in India. This specific study aims to gather information regarding Lung Cancer and its consequences in a human body. The policies and programs for dealing with the disease can be maintained with the discussion of causes and this study has a detailed discussion of Lung Cancer. It is also helpful for understanding the causes, impact, and policies for the disease control. Public health organizations are effective in maintaining the facilities of policies for minimizing the impact of diseases from the diseases and long-term conditions and that is dependent on the causes and prevalence of Lung Cancer.

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“Thesis Statement: This essay has shed light on the exploration of Lung Cancer and its negative consequences among individual’s lifestyles. This study has also been incorporated with programs and policies which are taken by the Indian Government to reduce the negative consequences of Lung Cancer among Indians”.

Unusual or uncontrolled outgrowths of the tissue inside the lungs of an individual is named as Cellular breakdown in the lungs. Lung cancer can be brought on by things like smoking too much, being around radiation, breathing in pollution, inhaling fine particles, and other things that can cause cancer. Most of the time, lung cancer treatment is used to treat cancer. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can remove, destroy, or harm cancer cells. Cellular breakdown in the lungs Therapy have some control over malignant growth spread or harm the dangerous cells and keep them from returning. Normally, the course of Cellular breakdown in the lungs Therapy is dependant on the kind of disease, size of the cancer, the individual's age and different therapies going on. Patients with severe lung cancer are receiving a variety of treatments to stop the cancer from growing or spreading to healthy cells, tissues, and organs around it.

The vast majority of the emergency clinics for Cellular breakdown in the lungs Treatment in India are NABL, NABH, ISO, CAP-certify and perceived by DSIR. These offices have elite framework which gives a wonderful mood to their patients. In India, all of the best hospitals for lung cancer treatment (oncology) provide the best cancer care and show the utmost care for patients. Both the specialists and nursing staff at these medical clinics are all around experienced and talented who can take generally excellent consideration of the patient. In India, each of these hospitals delivers international service efficacy.

Discussion

Lung Cancer is very effective for patients because it can spread to other body parts like the brain and that is effective in maintaining the health of the patients. As opined by Oudkerk et al.(2021), normally, people who smoke have to face Lung Cancer and for that, people should stop smoking and that is beneficial for their health condition maintenance. People who have Lung Cancer can see symptoms like coughing that gets worse and does not go away, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, feeling very tired all the time, and weight loss with no known cause. Proper treatment should be provided to the patients. It can cause Lung Cancer and that can be very effective for patients’ lives and for that, all treatments must be maintained properly and effectively. As opined by Almatrafi et al.(2023), similar to the majority of other nations, it has been noted that smoking rates, which account for 72% of all Lung Cancer occurrences, are the primary cause of the disease's prevalence. Despite the fact that there are other dangers that can be related to it, such as radon gas exposure, air pollution, and chemical exposure at work.

Lung Cancer is effective for individuals' health because it may spread to body parts such as the brain and those individuals are not able to maintain a healthy lifestyle. In addition, around 38,500 individuals are suffering from Lung Cancer in the India it is accounting for the majority of this country's cancer-associated deaths. According to the perspective of Togun et al. (2020), it can be stated that controlling the significant impact of Lung Cancer, the Public Health Organizations in India which include NHS, WHO, and “Cancer Control and Prevention programs” have taken several kinds of initiatives. The main aim of “Cancer Control and Prevention programs” is to provide education to all individuals and make diagnosis and detection resources available in India (Mohfw, 2023). On the other hand, the “World Health organization” aims to maintain the “quality of life” of all Indians by controlling cancer, managing symptoms and slowing down the spread of this disease (Who, 2023). The implementation of Governmental initiatives for reducing Lung Cancer among Indians is crucial. The “Indian Government” has also provided financial assistance to those families who have below “Rs. 1,25,000/- annual income” (Spruijt et al. 2023). Hence, they are able to take proper treatment and therapy to combat the negative consequences of Lung Cancer.

Lung Cancer is considered as third highest prevalence levels in Delhi, India. The incidents due to Cellular breakdown in lungs has represented more than 13% of among the malignant development analyzes (Sharma et al. 2019). Around “2.26 million individuals” are suffering from Lung Cancer and also nearly 5.9% of the entire population in India are died due to Lung cancer (Almatrafi et al. 2023). Moreover, Mizoram is considered as highest prevalence rate of Lung Cancer in India. Despite the fact that it can be linked to radon gas exposure, air pollution, and chemical exposure at work, there are additional risks.

Speaking of age demographics, it is widely known that most affected individuals are older adults, happening beyond the age of 50 and that men are more commonly impacted than women. However, this trend is quickly shifting due to the rising smoking prevalence among women. Like the majority of other nations, the India is making substantial efforts to avoid it by implementing numerous preventive measures, like promoting a healthy lifestyle by lowering the smoking rate. Smoking cessation programs, anti-smoking advertising efforts, and tobacco levies have all been implemented. As stated by Kenmotsu et al.(2019), the “National Health Service” (NHS) offers Lung Cancer screening to specific high-risk groups in order to detect Lung Cancer in its earliest stages. Despite all of these precautions, the largest concern to public health remains Lung Cancer. It requires further preventative and screening efforts to be conquered and controlled. Although smoking is the primary cause of Lung Cancer, there are other factors that can also have an impact, including:

Exposure to secondhand smoke: Because it contains dangerous compounds like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, passive smoking has been a major contributor to Lung Cancer. Exposure to it quickly and frequently raises the risk of developing Lung Cancer by 20-30%.

Pollutant exposure: The rising level of air pollution is a further factor. Diesel exhaust, which contains a complex mixture of chemicals and is a proven carcinogen, has been reported to be one of the main culprits, primarily in metropolitan settings. Lung Cancer risk can also be increased by other industrial contaminants such as asbestos, arsenic, and chromium (Thandra et al. 2021).

Occupational exposure: It has been noted that several occupations limit the risk of Lung Cancer in workers. workers in the manufacturing, mining, and construction sectors, for example, who are more likely to be exposed to hazardous materials like asbestos. It is well recognized to cause mesothelioma, a form of cancer that attacks the lining of the lung, as well as Lung Cancer.

Genetics: Genetics is a significant factor in the development of lunch cancer. Lung Cancer risk can be raised by a few genetic mutations, like those in the EGFR gene (Haddad et al.2020)

The risk related to Lung cancer may also be increased by other conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients should be given the right treatment because it can cause Lung Cancer and can save their lives, so all treatments must be maintained properly and effectively. As per the opinion of Oudkerk et al. (2021), people who smoke usually get Lung Cancer. Because of this, they should quit smoking, which is good for keeping their health good. Coughing that gets worse and doesn't go away, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, feeling very tired all the time, and weight loss with no known cause are all signs of Lung Cancer.

The “Social Determinants of Health” is addressed as nonmedical factors which are influencing health outcomes of individuals. “Sex, Race, Insurance Type and Income Level” have been considered as social determinants of Lung Cancer. According to the statement of Shankar et al. (2019), it has been stated that having low amount of family income is affecting the therapy and treatment acceptance ability of all individuals. Since, those individuals so not have sufficient financial resources, hence they are not able to take proper treatment and therapy. On the other hand, as opined by Sholih et al. (2019), lack of knowledge or education and poverty have been considered as social determinants of lung cancer. Having inadequate knowledge on health improvement some individuals are unknown regrading the after effects of smoking or excessive tobacco consumption. Thus, it is leading to develop cancer in lungs and most of illiterate individual are suffering from Lung Cancer in India. Henceforth, it has been evaluated that all those aforementioned determinants are considered as major factors which are directly associated with the development of Lung cancer.

Conclusion

This specific study has summarized various kinds of causes and after effects of lung cancer among individuals and this study has been developed based on the Indian information. Several occupations have been found to lower workers' risk of Lung Cancer. For instance, workers in the construction, mining, and manufacturing industries are more likely to be exposed to asbestos. It is well known that it also causes Lung Cancer and mesothelioma, a type of cancer that attacks the lining of the lung. This study has a thorough discussion of Lung Cancer, which is helpful for understanding the causes, impact, and policies for disease control. Last but not least, lunch cancer is largely caused by genetics. A few genetic mutations, such as those in the EGFR gene, can raise the risk of Lung Cancer. Last but not least, a history of prior lung conditions may increase the risk of getting Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer risk may also be increased by other conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Tuberculosis

Introduction

The study is based on a detailed discussion of infectious diseases and long-term conditions in the India and this analysis is helpful for understanding the causes and impact of the disease and condition. The policies and programs which have been implemented by the Indian Government are discussed in this study. This study has a detailed discussion of Tuberculosis and which is helpful for understanding the causes, impact, and policies for the disease control. Public health organizations are effective in maintaining the facilities of policies for minimizing the impact of diseases from the diseases and long-term conditions and that is dependent on the causes and prevalence of Tuberculosis.

“Thesis Statement: This essay has shed light on the exploration of Tuberculosis and its negative consequences among individual’s lifestyles. This study has also been incorporated with programs and policies which are taken by the Indian Government to reduce the negative consequences of Tubrculosis among Indians”.

An internationally recognized first-line treatment regimen—a regimen is the prescribed course of treatment, in this case the TB drugs—should be administered to all new TB patients in India. Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), and Ethambutol (E) should be used for eight weeks during the initial intensive phase. The three medications Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol should be administered for an additional sixteen weeks during the continuation phase. This is on the other hand composed as 2HREZ/4HRE. The continuation phase will not need to be extended in any way. The medication doses ought to be given by the body weight of the patient. There are four categories of weight bands. DoTS recommends that every patient receive their daily TB medication under close supervision. The patient is required to take the TB medication in front of a DOTS agent under DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy Short Term). The Specks specialist is generally a worker from the patient's local area, and might be a relative. Spots doesn't say which medications ought to be taken. When a patient takes any TB medication while a DOTS volunteer is watching, DOTS applies.

Discussion

Tuberculosis is a serious disease that affects the lungs and the germs that cause tuberculosis are a type of bacteria and this disease can be spread through droplets from coughs and people can get infectious. As opined by Natarajan et al.(2020), the lungs get highly affected by the disease and for that, it should be treated from the start to minimize the impact of lung condition. Proper treatment should be provided to the patients and it can cause Tuberculosis and that can be very effective for patients’ lives and for that, all treatments must be maintained properly and effectively.

The early stage is exposure and, in this stage, the disease can be transferred to the patients through contact, and proper precautions should be taken to minimize the impact. As stated by Allwood et al.(2020), the second stage is latent and, in this stage, patients can be affected by the bacteria but they do not have any symptoms and for that, the impact of bacteria can be seen and that causes major issues in patients’ bodies. The last stage is an active disease and, in this stage, patients get proper symptoms and they are fully infected by the disease and proper treatment should be maintained for health condition maintenance

Tuberculosis is very effective for patients because it can spread to other body parts like the brain and that is effective in maintaining the health of the patients. As stated by Allwood et al.(2020), the symptoms must be observed because it helps to minimize the impact of the disease very strongly and proper treatment in the early stage can be given. Based on 2022 report, “Bacillus Calmette Guerin” or BCG Vaccines has been recommended by the Indian Government to treat Tuberculosis. In addition, the incidence rate of TB patients like relapses and new patients have been notified at the time of 2021 stood around “19.3 Lakh” (Economictimes, 2023). Tuberculosis is a serious sickness that influences the lungs and the microbes that cause tuberculosis are a sort of microscopic organisms and this illness can be spread through drops from hacks and individuals can get irresistible. According to the opinion of Natarajan et al. (2020), the lungs get exceptionally impacted by the illness and for that, it ought to be treated from the very outset to limit the effect of lung condition. Patients should be given the right treatment because it can cause Tuberculosis and can save their lives, so all treatments must be maintained properly and effectively.

There are three stages of tuberculosis: exposure, latent, and active. Each stage has distinct symptoms that should be monitored to lessen the impact. The disease can be transmitted to patients through contact during the early stage of exposure, and appropriate precautions should be taken to minimize the impact. According to Allwood et al. (2020), the second stage is called latent. In this stage, patients can be affected by the bacteria but don't show any symptoms. The final stage is an active disease in which patients experience appropriate symptoms and are fully infected, necessitating ongoing treatment to maintain their health (Martinez et al. 2019). Cellular breakdown in the lungs is exceptionally powerful for patients since it can spread to other body parts like the mind and that is compelling in keeping up with the strength of the patients.

The World Health Organization has implemented the “National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme” and the aim of this programme is to decrease TB burden strategically in India in the year of 2025. Moreover, this kind of aim has been maintained by the “Sustainable Development Goals” (Pib, 2023). Basically, the strategy has not been considered as a "one size fits all approach" and the success of the strategy is entirely depending upon the adaptation to the diverse country setting. Apart from that, the "World Health Organization" has implemented the "End TB Strategy" in order to reduce the negative impacts of tuberculosis among individuals in the United Kingdom. This strategy is playing a vital role in every country in reducing the incidence of “tuberculosis by around 80%, deaths by around 90%,” and is eliminating the catastrophic cost for those households who are affected by tuberculosis by the year of 2030 (Who, 2023). Based on the prior strategy it has been evaluated that ending tuberculosis is not only considered as public health issue but also a developing opportunity and challenge (Visca et al. 2021). Additionally in the year of 2015, this strategy has been adopted by the "World Health Assembly" and it is aiming to end TB by adopting "Sustainable Development Goals".

The adaptation of “End TB Strategy” by “World Health Assembly” has a major purpose like it aims to reduce the rate of Tuberculosis by around 90% in the year of 2030 and it has also been compared with 2015 prevalence rate in India (Sharma et al. 2019). Individuals who are living with tuberculosis, particularly "Multi drug resistance" suffer from stigma, economic constraints, social isolation, and lack of support (Allwood et al. 2020). However, a little has been known regarding patients except for financial burden, treatment outcomes, and psychological distress by having serious deficiency regarding "Health-Related Quality of Life". In a similar way, as opined by Aggarwal, (2019), tuberculosis has imposed a major impact on every individual's physical wellness because it is the major cause of pulmonary impairment amount individuals. Various kinds of detrimental symptoms like hemoptysis and fatigue have been observed among those individuals who are suffering from tuberculous.

The projection of WHO has suggested that some of individuals are able to combat the Tuberculosis. Based on the “Indian 2020 Statistical report” around 79,144 deaths have been occurred. In the year of 2021, around “534 individuals” have been hospitalized among “1,00,000 individuals” in India (Tbcindia, 2023). In addition, tuberculosis has been considered as a major cause to increase in the mortality rate in the Global World with an estimated "1.5 million deaths" in the year of 2018 globally. As opined by Addo et al. (2022), Poverty has been considered as major social determinant of Tuberculosis. In addition, high rate of “Population Morbidity” and “Global Socioeconomic Inequalities” have been considered as social determinants of Tuberculosis. Moreover, not receiving accurate and inadequate treatment and therapy from healthcare sectors is considered as a major issue which has been faced by some of the individuals who are suffering from Tuberculosis in the India.

Various kinds of impacts due to tuberculosis and this health issue is also affecting the “quality of life” of those individuals who are living with Tuberculosis [Refer to Appendix 4]. Socioeconomic factors which are directly related to pulmonary tuberculosis are nutritional status employment status and family income (Yasobant et al. 2022). In addition, family history, individuals' attitudes, and knowledge are also considered as social economic factors and those are responsible for increasing the consequences of Tuberculous. As depicted by Fries et al. (2021), tuberculosis is sometimes playing a role as a risk factor to increase the rate of mental disorders which includes depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Hence, it is reducing the quality of life and all individuals are not able to take proper treatment to overcome from this health disease.

Due to tuberculosis, all individuals are facing several kinds of issues and among them taking inadequate treatment and therapy to overcome the negative consequences of Tuberculosis. As per the words of Laxmeshwar et al. (2019), it has been observed that an increase in the rate of mental disorders which includes depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. As a result, individuals who are suffering from Tuberculosis are also suffering from mental disorders. On the other hand, as opined by Mademilov et al. (2022), Sociodemographic factors which are directly related to pulmonary tuberculosis are nutritional status employment status, and family income. In addition, those are affecting the “Quality of Life” of all individuals who are suffering from Tuberculosis.

Conclusion

The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of infectious diseases and long-term conditions in the India, which is helpful for comprehending their causes and effects. This study has a thorough discussion of tuberculosis and it is helpful for understanding the causes, impact, and policies for disease control. Discussion of the disease's causes can maintain the policies and programs for dealing with the disease. General well-being associations are compelling in keeping up with the offices of arrangements for limiting the effect of illnesses from the sicknesses and long-haul conditions and that is subject to the causes and commonness of Tuberculosis. Several occupations have been found to lower workers' risk of Tuberculosis. For instance, workers in the construction, mining, and manufacturing industries are more likely to be exposed to asbestos. This study has a thorough discussion of tuberculosis it is helpful for understanding the causes, impact, and policies for disease control.

References

Lung cancer

Journals

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Tuberculosis

Journals

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• Laxmeshwar, C., Stewart, A. G., Dalal, A., Kumar, A. M. V., Kalaiselvi, S., Das, M., ... & Isaakidis, P. (2019). Beyond ‘cure'and ‘treatment success': quality of life of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 23(1), 73-81. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld/2019/00000023/00000001/art00012
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Websites

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