Public Health Impact and Socioeconomic Factors Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Public Health Impact and Socioeconomic Factors

There are six social inequalities Obesity, Crime, and Punishment, Education, Income inequality, Mental Health, and Health Inequality. For the research purpose, one topic out of 6 social inequalities that were selected is Obesity. Obesity is a primary public health issue; it is an issue internationally as well as in the UK. Being obese is related to a growing risk of several familiar diseases such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. It is also observed that obesity can increase the risk of illness as well as death. In the United Kingdom, obesity is related to lower socioeconomic position. The reason for selecting this topic was the influence that was created after listening to the podcast by the health foundation (health.org.uk). Episode number two of the podcast states the risk that is associated with obesity in the UK.

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Figure 1: Obesity Proportion

(Sources: nuffieldtrust.org.uk, 2023)

Main body

1st research paper

Title of the research- "Family Income Gradients in Adolescent Obesity, Overweight, and Adiposity Persist in Extremely Deprived and Extremely Affluent Neighborhoods but Not in Middle-Class Neighborhoods: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study" by Mireku and Rodriguez (2020 Pg. number 2.2). The research is based on the Crucial analysis and evaluation of the family income in obesity.

This crucial analysis has the goal of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the article.

Strengths

• I) One of the core strengths of the selected article is its usage of a “large-scale longitudinal study”. The usage of the UK Millennium Cohort method to conduct the study. This approach helps to provide a vital dataset to investigate the connection between “family income and adolescent obesity, overweight, and adiposity”. The article uses refined statistical studies, heading for possible confounding factors (Mireku, and Rodriguez, 2020). This helps to generate well-structured and detailed results as well as interpretations.
• II) The article's emphasis on the income angles in various neighbourhood contexts is another observed strength. By analyzing the area of excessively restrained, extremely rich, and middle-class neighbourhoods individually. The aim of the researchers was to highlight the several factors of the socioeconomic differences or disparities in adolescent obesity. The selection of this specific method has elaborated the understanding of the complex exchanges between “income, neighbourhood environments, and health outcomes”.

Weakness

• I) Regardless, some weaknesses must be considered in this article. The prime focus of the article lies in the UK context. This can lead ot the generalization of the data to other countries or cultural contexts. The article must focus on comparative or relative data analysis with other nations. This would have incorporated broader concepts and improved the applicability of the article in various countries.
• II) Another limitation area that is observed in the article is the dependence on self-reported height and weight data. This can lead to introducing measurement errors as well as biases. Using accurate measurements or validating self-reported data would have supported the study's methodology. The validation of the data would have strengthened the data that are presented in the article.

III) Further it can be concluded after analyzing the data that the article mostly concentrates on the association between family income and adolescent obesity, dismissing other possible determinants such as “diet, physical activity, as well as parental behaviours”. Extending the study to evaluate a wider range of elements must have generated an additional complete understanding of the issue.

2nd research paper

Title of the research- "Obese and Hungry: Two Faces of a Nation" by Moore and Evans (2020). The research is based on the Crucial analysis and evaluation of the family income in obesity.

This essential analysis has the goal of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the article.

Strengths

• I) One of the core strengths of the selected article is its applicability and timeliness. The topic of obesity and hunger is a substantial public health concern (Moore, and Evans, 2020). The researchers have addressed the contradictory coexistence of problems in the UK. The researchers generate a complete literature review, including different references and reflections. In order to support the arguments and demonstrate presented by them, they had conducted a deep knowledge of the subject matter.
• II) The article also aims to highlight the complications of the problem by investigating the socioeconomic factors that contribute to both obesity and hunger. This multidimensional viewpoint helps to add deep knowledge regarding the discussion and highlights the necessity for complete interventions that consider the underlying reasons.

Weakness

• I) Regardless, there are some weaknesses that must be considered in this article. The analysis of the article lacks a primary research element. The article relies heavily on secondary sources as the research elements. The literature review is thorough, and the lack of authentic data collection determines the article's possible effect.
• II) The article does not sufficiently address possible biases. Although the researchers have tried to introduce a proportional and balanced view. Their conclusions may be impacted by the references they have selected or overlooked. More direct exposure to these possible biases would have helped the researchers to have more article credibility.

2. Conclusion and Future Research

In finding it can be concluded, that Mireku and Rodriguez's article presents a useful understanding of the steady income angles in adolescent obesity in different neighbourhood contexts. The resilience lies in the usage of a “large-scale longitudinal study” and the reflection of different neighbourhood types. However, in the future, the researchers must focus on mitigating the limitations including addressing the generalization of the collected data beyond the UK. In the future, the researchers must emphasize the dependence on self-reported data. Additionally, research must be incorporated with the additional determinants, and utilization of the global views can help to enhance the findings.

In finding it can be concluded, that Moore and Evans' article delivers useful knowledge into the existence of obesity. The strengths of the article lie in its relevance, extensive literature review, and investigation of socioeconomic factors. However, the researchers in the future must work to mitigate the weaknesses such as the lack of primary research and a lack of detailed consideration of possible biases. All around, the article must serve as an overview of the issue and it must benefit the further practical evidence as well as a wider scope.

Section B

Reflection

The selection of the article was based on the podcast that was presented by the health foundation. This made me realize the inequality and differences encountered by the obese person. The gap in the income that is generated and how obesity is associated with the socioeconomic issues of the individual. While analyzing the selected articles there were several findings regarding the gap and inequality that came across. The researchers have conducted the research by selecting one of

the 6 social inequalities which is obesity. There is strong evidence presented by them to support their finding. I observed the findings that helped to understand the concept of gaps and disparities that are faced by obese in the UK. The topic has allowed me to understand and have an in-depth understanding of obesity in the UK. The depth study of the selected research has helped to have the income angles in the context of various neighbourhoods.

Section C

PPT

Section A

Slide 1:

• There are 6 social inequalities Obesity, Crime, and Punishment, Education, Income inequality, Mental Health, and Health Inequality.
• Two areas of the study were selected after getting to know about obesity in the podcast by the Health Foundation.

SN: These are two of the articles that are selected for researching inequalities in the UK. The area of the topic is obesity. There are two articles one by Moore and Evans published in 2020 and one by Mireku and Rodriguez also published in the year 2020. The Topic was selected with the help of Google Scholar. Obesity is a primary public health issue, it is an issue internationally as well as in the UK. The analysis of obesity in the UK is conducted in the research.

Slide 2: Analysis of 1st paper

• The analysis of the first paper took one week to understand the depth of the topic.
• The findings of the first paper state the steady income gradients in adolescent obesity in different neighbourhood contexts.

SN: the findings of the second paper suggest for conducting the research the usage of the UK Millennium Cohort method to conduct the study. This approach helps to provide a robust dataset to investigate the association between “family income and adolescent obesity, overweight, and adiposity”. There was a crucial analysis that helped to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the article. The article has the strength of a “large-scale longitudinal study”. And the weakness of generalization. In the future, the researcher must include the perspectives of international data.

Slide 3: Analysis of 2nd paper

• The analysis of the second paper took an additional week to gain in-depth knowledge of the selected topic.
• The second research states the article delivers useful knowledge about the existence of obesity in the UK and its disparities.

SN: The analysis of the second selected research states the existence of obesity in the UK and the differences in income. The disparities and deprivation of obesity that are included in the study are thoroughly analyzed. The analysis states that the researchers for future references must work to mitigate the weaknesses such as the lack of primary research and a lack of detailed consideration of possible biases. The article must serve as an outline of the problem and it must benefit the further practical evidence as well as a wider scope.

Slide 4: Reflective

• The topic has helped me to understand and have in-depth knowledge regarding obesity in the UK.
• The depth analysis of the selected research has helped to have the income angles in the context of various neighbourhoods.

SN: The analysis of the research has helped me to have in-depth knowledge of obesity as social inequality in the UK. The gap in the income that is generated and how obesity is associated with the socioeconomic issues of the individual. While analyzing the selected articles there were several findings regarding the gap and inequality that came across. The findings of the research have stated that several gaps and strengths can be observed in the research.

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References

• Health.org.uk, (2023) What should nanny do next? The Government and Obesity Available at: https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/podcast/episode-02-the-government-and-obesity?gclid=Cj0KCQjwqNqkBhDlARIsAFaxvwynp8Sdh2K8Rk4Y06kAcjLnVKRTYsCZLEenHySd2qDQzXYupg462V4aApeMEALw_wcB [Accessed on 5th June 2023]
• Mireku, M.O. and Rodriguez, A., 2020. Family income gradients in adolescent obesity, overweight and adiposity persist in extremely deprived and extremely affluent neighbourhoods but not in middle-class neighbourhoods: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), p.418. (Family Income Gradients in Adolescent Obesity, Overweight and Adiposity Persist in Extremely Deprived and Extremely Affluent Neighbourhoods but Not in Middle-Class Neighbourhoods: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study)
• Moore, J.B. and Evans, C.E., 2020. Obese and hungry: two faces of a nation. bmj, 370. (Obese and hungry: two faces of a nation) 250
• Nuffieldtrust.org.uk, (2023) Obesity Available at: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/resource/obesity?gclid=Cj0KCQjwqNqkBhDlARIsAFaxvwxkxDlP72nxjoBit0U75oYUk2QHhrlFxp01taVWPn3PdAy3A0gM5VQaAj10EALw_wcB [Accessed on 5th June, 2023]