B2C IVD companies in GCC Supply management Assignment Sample

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

In Vitro Dia gnostic [IVD] are specifically devised for assessing and detecting chronic illnesses, it is further used for monitoring over-all health of people and focuses on enhancing the well-being of individuals. Demand of these devices are increasing to greater extent due to their effectual performance and significant contribution in healthcare sector. Diagnostic Accuracy has the potential to test and detect the presence and absence of disease (Aldalaan, 2022). It has become one of the important aspects within healthcare sector, specifically, in Gulf Cooperation Council [GCC] region. Increase in healthcare requirements resulted in stepping the needs of IVD (Solaiman, 2024). The In Vitro Diagnostic market in Saudi Arabia [SA] forecasted for achieving revenue by US$1.03bn in 2024. Thus, the market is expected to generate huge revenue from year 2024-2029 that lead to increase market volume of approximately US$1.16bn by 2029. Considering this estimation, this can be said that demand for IVD is high in SA (Jittavisutthikul and Jamieson, 2022). However, there are certain barriers within manufacturing of these devices that is impacting negative influence on healthcare industry. B2C manufacturing and supply chain management of IVD companies facing varied barriers in full-filling the demand related to these devices (Gad et al, 2019). Compliance with regulation requirement, logistic challenges, quality control, inventory management, cost control, capacity planning, packaging and labelling, customization, testing and validation are the foremost challenges faced in this area.

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The present dissertation aims to assess the operational management of B2C In-Vitro Diagnostic companies within healthcare sector of Saudia Arabia. By emphasising on these challenges, loopholes can be identified and accordingly strategies can be recommended. The dissertation will highlight the rationale behind undertaking this topic, critical analysis will be done by conducting literature review. Furthermore, justification behind methodologies will be provided and allocated data would be analysed for presenting authentic outcomes.

Rationale

Healthcare industry within Saudi Arabia emerging as a key pillar since the population in the region started increasing. Rapid growth in population resulted in increasing chronic disease due to which demand for innovative technologies increased. IVD is a type of technological advancement that supported healthcare industry for determining the health status of an individual (Almaslami and Aljunid, 2020). However, operational challenges impacting the ability of IVD firms to contribute in evidence-decision making in clinical setting that assures improved health outcomes of people. The rationale behind undertaking current dissertation is anchored with the fact that there are certain loopholes and crucial domains influencing the competitiveness and strategic functioning of IVD companies in SA. Therefore, by assessing market environment and tactics used in GCC countries, study will be able to provide comprehensive evaluation, tendencies and challenges impacting the manufacturing and supplying of IVD.

Research question

“What are the critical factors impacting B2C operation management of IVD (Invitro diagnostic) companies of healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia?”

Aim

This research Aims to highlight the operation management challenges of B2C manufacturing of IVD (Invitro diagnostic) companies within Saudi Arabia

Objectives

1. Critically examine the literature on direct market strategies of B2C (Global) of the healthcare sector within the GCC region.
2. Analyze current B2C manufacturing and supplying practices and operational of IVD companies within Saudi Arabia.
3. To evaluate the factors, barriers, challenges, and opportunities of optimizing B2C manufacturing and supply for IVD companies in Saudi Arabia.
4. To provide recommendations based on this research in highlighting B2C operation for IVD companies in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology

The research will employ qualitative research strategy and secondary data would be allocated for assessing the operational and supply chain management issues of B2C in context to IVD organisations in Saudia Arabia. Authentic data sources will be approached that concerned with realistic information. The selection criteria will involve reviewing relevance, credibility, comprehensiveness and recency. Data analysis would be done via CQ research method and subsequently, qualitative content analysis will be done for examining and establishing patterns under themes.

Scope

The scope of research is wider in terms as it is focusing on healthcare sector by evaluating challenges and barriers concerning with IVD manufacturing and distribution. In this manner, significant insight can be developed that supports in taking corrective measures by IVD firms and accordingly, support can be assured to healthcare industry by increasing the availability of IVD. This ultimately supports in detecting chronic illness and health status of people which improves health outcomes (Kirubakaran et al, 2023). Thus, the outcomes of research will act as a guidance for B2C IVD firms to tackle operational and supply chain management issues that negatively impacting the operations of organisation.

Limitations

The potential limitation in current research aligns with identification of relevant and significant sources. The study will allocate secondary information and therefore, it is essential to collect authentic and relevant sources. Therefore, researcher will follow specific sampling criteria so that complexities in this context can be solved and accurate sources could be approached.

Dissertation structure

Below mentioned structure will be followed throughout the dissertation-

Chapter 1 Introduction- In this section, background of the study, rationale, aim, objectives, research question, scope and limitation will be show.

Chapter 2 Literature Review- Critical evaluation of the research topic will be undertaken in this chapter. In-depth evaluation of the outcomes would be done and significantly insights would be developed. This chapter supports in developing knowledge related to research context and accordingly effectual understanding can be drawn.

Chapter 3 Methodology- Information regarding the selected research methods will be highlighted in this chapter along with providing justification.

Chapter 4 Data and analysis- In this chapter allocated data will be analysed and accordingly findings would be presented. Thematic representation of the information will be done final outcomes will be developed.

Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommendations-This will be the last chapter, under this section conclusive statement would be made and accordingly recommendations will be provided.

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Literature review is delineated as that piece of academic writing that undertakes critical analysis of research topic. In-depth evaluation of the existing literature has been done for developing significant outcomes addressing research question. The present chapter emphasis on conducting literature review and consequently, operational management barriers of B2C manufacturing in context of IVD companies in Saudi Arabia would be identified. Different viewpoints of authors will be considered and accordingly analysis will be done.

Theme 1- Direct marketing strategies of B2C in healthcare sector

As per the views of Gruson et al, (2024) healthcare sector at global level has gone through a massive change via adopting technology, lates trends such as DTC [Diagnostic Trouble Codes] strategies enabled businesses in terms of addressing customers requirements. Digital and e-commerce opportunities made it easier for healthcare sector to interact with customers. B2C strategies has been proven significantly effective when it is conacred with undertaking customer requirement analysis, data processing and regulatory compliance. However, Solaiman (2024) Solaiman, 2024 stated that B2C marketing stereotypically involves standardised pricing, promotions and consistent discount for attracting consumers. the Prior focus is on providing competitive prices within assuring quality products and services to consumers. Healthcare sector emphasis on building a brand that assures loyalty towards consumer by providing them positive sector. In healthcare industry, it is important to gain the trust of customers as this determines about the success of this particular industry. This sector is crucial as it engages in well-being of people and therefore, there are higher regulatory compliance in this particular sector. Henceforth, organisations within healthcare sector specifically dealing in B2C context focuses on gaining the trust of customers and this ultimately led to attract huge customer base.

In the study of Castillo and Dimaculangan (2024) it has been witnessed that in GCC region there are certain trends has been followed which is impacting the implementation of B2C tactics. Availability of technical platform, customer-oriented approaches and digital health services are the topmost domains considered in the direct B2C strategies within healthcare sector. Customers in GCC region preferring HSS [Health Service System] and this is leading to significant benefits for IVD companies within region. The B2C healthcare marketing has employed significant and accessible languages that services as the basis for developing emotional interaction with the customers. Messages related to “Importance of health” has been provided to customers which develops motivation in them and further shapes their purchasing power. In this manner, customers are attracted within healthcare sector, further, if customer gets satisfied then, they make repetitive purchase as well. On the other hand, Aldalaan (2022) stated that there are certain risks in this context for instance- Organisations needs to deal with regulatory compliance, logistic issues, social, environmental and cultural factors as this is creating negative impact on the B2C firms in healthcare sector. However, there is no doubt in stating that companies implement significant strategies but due to varied external factors major complexities has been experienced by organisations. The consistent compliance with regulatory environment makes it difficult for organisation to undertake operational practices, consistent changes implemented in the political environment which impacts B2C companies’ operations in healthcare sector.

Based on the above analysis this can be said that B2C business has undertaken varied direct marketing strategies within healthcare sector. However, changes in external factors influences the strategies of companies and creates potential barriers in undertaking operational practices.

Theme 2- Assessing current B2C manufacturing, supplying practices and operations of IVD companies in SA

In accordance with Bhaskar et al, (2023) the major manufacturing practices enlisted with IVD companies in SA gets impacted due to global manufacturing protocols. The SA manufacturing regulations provides specific protocols that needs to be followed by B2C IVD companies. Manufacturing is considered as a key business function that creates significant influence on the organisation performance. It is concerned with quality control techniques, using technology, cost management and procurement strategy. The operational procedure of IVD companies focusing on automation of task as it is associates with implementation of international quality standards. However, Alzhrani et al, (2024) stated that manufacturing of IVD is a complex process, manufacturers need to ensure quality along with meeting on-going industry regulations and current demand of the customers. Quality play’s prominent role in specifying that IVD are considerable secure and safe for consumers and they provide desire results. Therefore, it is important to focus on managing the quality of products and for this higher cost is required.

As per the views of Alsaadi et al, (2022) effective supply chain management assures success of B2C companies within healthcare industry. Therefore, it is important to focus on undertaking strategic actions that enhances supply chain practices. Saudi Arabia is bound due to certain rules that restricts imports of certain products and services. The quality of infrastructure results in creating negative impact on the healthcare sector as it restricts the supply chain procedure due to which manufacturing of IVD has become complex. Supply chain-procedure has been considered as an important component within In-Vitro Devices, supply chain ensures that manufacturing of IVD is taking place without facing any kind of interruption. The consistent ongoing changes in regulation and political agenda creating disrupt impact on the supply chain management. Due to restriction in import of raw materials is becomes complex for IVD companies to manufacture the product.

From the past years, In-Vitro Industry has been going in a specific transformation, increase in technology resulted in increasing the demand for IVD products. Matafwali (2024) elucidated that supply chain needs to be secure and transparent as it is a crucial component that help in risk mitigation. International global supply chain is facing extreme difficulties specifically after COVID-19 as the prices of raw materials has been increased which impacted the inputs for manufacturing of IVD. As stated by Alyafee et al, (2021) it is important to maintain optimal inventory as it is essential for delivering the products on time. It solves the complexities persisting with overstocking and stockout, this can further support in solving issues related to supply chain management. Henceforth, it can be said that manufactures need to undertake a robust quality controlling measures that assures that product is meeting the standardised requirement. This helps in reducing the interference of government and further supports in smooth supply chain procedure.

Theme 3- Factors influencing B2C operations of IVD organisations in SA

In the viewpoint of Bahabri et al, (2022) it has been witnessed that there are varied factors that is influencing the B2C operations in IVD organisations within SA. External factors playing vital role in this area, consistent change in government regulation and restriction related to imports and export restricts the operational procedure of IVD firms which develops negative impact on the productivity of organisations. After COVID-19 government in SA significantly focusing on the healthcare sector and organisations and therefore, IVD companies needs to adhere with regulatory compliances. This results in developing rigid structure in the organisation that ultimately influences the operational activities. Henceforth, it can be said that, it is important to analyse the business environment on consistent note so that organisations become able to evaluate about the requirements of government and accordingly further decision could be taken. On the other hand, Abdelaziz et al, (2020) stated that social factors influencing the B2C operations of IVD companies, these factors are comprised with change in the taste and preferences of consumers. After COVID-19 customers has become specific regarding their health and therefore, before using any health device they are highly concerned. The customer base of IVD companies associates with clinical diagnostic labs, hospitals, pharma and biotech companies, government agencies, research institute and universities. IVD companies holds a strong customer base that is highly concerned about the health of the people. Therefore, organisations need to adhere with the needs and requirement of customer base. Hence, it can be said that social factors create major impact on the operations of IVD organisations.

In the article of Almaslami et al, (2020) it has been assessed that technological innovation is at the forefront of IVD sector because there are varied radical changes has been undertaken. For improving interaction with customers, it is important to simplify the process by increasing diagnostic possibilities. Therefore, B2C operations must focus on undertaking the digital technologies such as mobile health application and telemedicine as this results in enhancing the satisfaction level of customers. These technologies upholding huge growth for IVD companies but it often possesses risks related to data security. Hence, it can be said that technology possess risk that is impacting the operations of IVD companies.

Based on the above analysis this can be said that there are different factors which lead to impact the B2C operations in IVD companies. Therefore, it is essential to undertake significant strategies by IVD companies that enable them to tackle different complexities.

Theme 4- Barriers and challenges in optimisation of B2C operations

In the perception of Almatroodi et al, (2020) there are varied challenges faced in the optimisation of B2C operations. There is huge level of competition in IVD industry and therefore, it has become challenging for business to differentiate themselves. Infrastructure and logistic has been considered as another major barriers that impacting the efficacy of the B2C operations. In SA, there is limited transport structure and restricted storage capacity due to which delivery of IVD gets slow down. In order to solve these issues, it is important to upgrade the infrastructure by implementing coordination with international logistic companies who can look upon the delivery pattern and management. On the other hand, Alharbi et al, (2022) stated that for upgrading the supply chain within IVD companies’ modern approaches of supply chain management requires to be adopted. There is need to shift from the traditional approaches to modern approaches so that significant results can be gained.

As per the views of Somily et al, (2021) socio-economic factors impacting favourable and unfavourable influence on the IVD companies. From the literature it has been identified that it is essential to focus on differentiation strategies such as- undertaking innovation, providing high quality services and adhering with environmental guidelines. IVD firms are lacking in brand development and this is impacting their operational performance, Henceforth, emphasis needs to be developed on creating an effectual brand which helps in attracting huge customer base. On the contrary note, Thabit et al, (2023) stated that brand development is not easy as it comes up with huge responsibilities. IVD companies might faces hurdles in this process, it also increases the interference of government. Therefore, while building brand the topmost aspect is to assure that legal compliance has been ful-filled by the company, this helps in creating effective image in front of government and society. In this manner, issues related to lack of differentiation can be solved and operational practices within IVF firms can be enhanced.

In the study of Nahvi et al, (2022) it has been identified that IVD factor is highly competitive specifically for local and global markets. The population of SA focuses on cultural domains while interacting with any business. This specifies that there is need to consider specific strategies for targeting customer. Behavioural segmentation must be approached and those customers who are highly concerned about their health are important to be consider as this helps in increasing the customer base for the companies (Hugos 2024). By emphasising on these aspects effectual results can be gained and further purchasing power of the customer can be shaped. Key messages must be provided to buyers which shows that companies are concerned about their health. This results in developing sense of belongingness in the consumers and further effectual outcomes can be gained by IVD organisations in SA.

Theme 5- Opportunities for optimising B2C manufacturing and supply

In the views of Nahvi et al, (2022) partnership and network connection support in increasing the manufacturing and supply chain practices. The interaction with local health care facilities and technology provides effectual improvement in the B2C processes. Furthermore, partnership can assist in using and implementing marketing tactics that increases the market shares along with enhancing supply chain value. Furthermore, cooperative strategy assists in establishment of solutions related to existing rules and regulations which supports in improving the specificity of the products. Whereas, Nahvi et al, (2022) depicted that creating network is a complex process, consistent discussion with partners and stakeholders requires to be undertaken as this helps in taking important decisions. IVD companies in SA should interact with global leaders so they can get guidance with regards to increasing market presence and this further opens up opportunities for organisation to grab larger market share.

As stated by Attallah et al, (2022) paying special attention towards quality and compliance with regulations helps in increasing the opportunities for companies in SA. The manufacturing process that follows quality standards and regulation develops standardised product which enables in gaining attention of the customers. Therefore, it is important to assure that manufacturing procedure has been adhering with quality standard and quality assurance procedure as it results in opening up huge opportunities for companies. On the other hand, Mares et al, (2023) stated that investing in technology can create huge benefits for IVD companies, it can increase presence at the digital platform which acts as a strong base for IVD companies. The mobile health application impacts the thought procedure for consumers and they can easily access the services. In this manner, effective outcomes can be gained and further effectual interaction with the customers could be developed. Hence, IVD companies must invest in technology for gaining the attention of customers and optimising their operational procedure, it also supports in enhancing supply chain management procedure and consequently, barriers can be identified that are negatively impacting supply chain procedure.

In the perception of Cobbaert et al, (2022) it has been identified that there are varied opportunities developed within B2C businesses for IVD companies. However, there is need to develop significant focus on enhancing marking strategies, cost management, quality standard and technological advancement within IVD organisations in Saudia Arabia (Doumbia et al, 2021). By focusing on this area companies can improve their quality along with developing higher efficiency rate. Furthermore, partnership is an important component that results in increasing the network of organisations and increases opportunities in terms of attracting customers.

Based on the above analysis this can be said that IVD companies are booming on greater note as they are specifically focusing on the health of people. However, there are certain operational and supply chain management issues that is impacting the efficacy of IVD firms in SA. Therefore, it is important to look upon the barriers so significant actions can be taken and further effectual outcomes can be gained, in-depth analysis of the loopholes should be done and accordingly further steps should be considered.

Conclusion

On the basis of literature, it can be said that In-Vitro Diagnostic [IVD] companies playing important tole in healthcare sector by providing crucial tools that supports in disease detection and monitoring. These companies significantly focus on creation and manufacturing of diagnostic testes which is used for analysing biological sample. After COVID-19 people has become specific about their health and therefore, they prefer timely check-ups. This led to increase in the demand of IVD products. However, challenges related to regulation compliance, quality control, lack of technological advancement, lack of network and decreased collaboration in supply chain is impacting the manufacturing and supply chain procedure of IVD organisations in SA. It is important to focus on these loopholes so that corrective measures can be taken and operational efficiency of the organisations can be enhanced. Hence, by focusing on the loopholes and adhering to regulations IVD companies in SA can enhance their operations.

CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction

Research methodology is considered as a significant procedure and techniques that is used for identifying, selecting, processing and analysing information based on a significant topic. The present section will be based on highlighting the selected research methods for the research along with providing justification.

Research type

The research type signifies about the ways in which a study can be conducted. For implying the fundamentals of research and developing outcomes significant method requires to be adopted. Qualitative and Quantitative these are two ways through which research can be undertaken. The qualitative method associates with gathering theoretical information. On the other hand, quantitative method comprised with the collection of numerical information (Pandey and Pandey, 2021). In current research, researcher has used qualitative strategy for gathering information. This is flexible in nature which led to less chances of errors. Thus, by adopting qualitative framework, researcher has effectively allocated data in the form of theories which is further easy to understand. Another reason behind selection of qualitative research method associates with study area. The operational management challenges of IVD companies that deals in B2C area can be analysed by collecting theoretical information, it is not possible to analyse challenges via incorporating quantitative method. Therefore, as per the suitability of study researcher integrated qualitative method.

Research approach

It is explicated as the series of steps that needs to be performed during research. Inductive and deductive; these are the two types of approaches which can be utilised by researcher. Inductive is suitable when qualitative data is collected while deductive fits appropriate in case of quantitative information (Verma, Verma and Abhishek, 2024). As the researcher has allocated theoretical information therefore, inductive approach has been used so that qualitative information can be analysed and accordingly major operational challenges of IVD companies can be evaluated and subsequently, outcomes can be developed.

Research philosophy

Research philosophy emphasis on faith and opinion of individuals on a specific research context. There are two types of research philosophies and those are interpretivism and positivism. The interpretivism philosophy analyses the beliefs of people and consider it while developing outcomes and further it is suitable in case of qualitative data. On the other hand, positivism philosophy aligns with evaluating existing theories and by considering that information research outcomes are presented. This philosophy is suitable when researcher gather numerical data. For analysing the operational challenges of IVD companies in B2C context, researcher has approached interpretivism philosophy as it is significant for assessing and evaluating theoretical information. Accordingly, outcomes have been developed.

Data Collection

Data collection is considered as the ways through which information has been allocated. It is determined as one of the important components in research method therefore, researcher ensured significant focus on this area. Primary and secondary these are two ways in which information can be collected. Primary method is based on gathering fresh information by directly approaching participants. On the other hand, secondary method involves allocation of data via approaching secondary sources such as Google scholar and government sites (Kumari et al, 2023). This assures wider allocation of data and further is proves to be cost effective. Researcher has collected information through secondary sources by specifically focusing on operation management issues of IVD companies within SA, further, significant emphasis has been made on B2C business for addressing the aim of study. Hence, it can be said that researcher has adopted appropriate method for gathering the information. In this manner, wider data has been gathered and effectual outcomes are developed. Researcher experienced significant benefits such as- flexibility, cost effectiveness and time effectiveness which shows that gathering secondary information proves to be effectual in current research context.

Sampling and data sources

Sampling is determined as the procedure of approaching sample population for conducting the research article. However, current research does not involve approaching human participants and therefore, sampling criteria has been followed for approaching sources. The key sources have been approached through academic journals and accordingly theoretical information based on the research area has been allocated. Furthermore, the industry reports were used that associates with detailed marketing trends. Moreover, regulatory documents that provides information related to SFDA regulations and laws were used for accessing the information. Author has also involved findings from the company reports and government publication for making information authentic. Thus, it can be said that wider sources have been approached for gaining the information. In this manner, wider data has been gathered and accordingly information were used in developing research outcomes.

Selection Criteria

The researcher has followed significant selection criteria for accessing the information. the relevance of the information has been checked and it was identified whether the provided information in article is addressing aim and objectives or not. Accordingly, the researcher has gained the information. Furthermore, only those sources were used that has been published on authentic sites as this supports in collecting valid and reliable information. Most importantly, comprehensiveness of the articles for checked by assessing whether the information is covering broader scope or not. In this manner, researcher has effectively focused on selection criteria and accordingly authentic information was involved in the study.

Data Analysis

Data analysis is delineated as the method through which gathered information has been analysed. It is important to select appropriate data analysis method for analysing the information as efficacy of outcomes is further based upon analysis method. The researcher has used Qualitative Content Analysis method for evaluating the data. It refers to the process which has been designed for condensing raw data in different categories and themes for presenting the findings (Ocaña-Fernández and Fuster-Guillén, 2021). It aligns with inductive reasoning in which themes are categorised ad emerged from wider data and consequently examination and comparison has been done. The key steps which have been followed by researcher are data coding and sub-grouping of the results. Accordingly, different themes were made that specifically highlighting about the operational challenges faced by IVD firms dealing in B2C business within SA. The thematic analysis was done by interpreting each of the themes and afterwards comparative analysis was performed for detecting the challenges and patterns that has been consistently observed. Afterwards, analysis of the findings was done and accordingly summary has been provided. Thus, it can be said that researcher has followed appropriate method for analysing the information and accordingly findings were developed.

Validity and reliability

The valid information sources were approached that led to reduce the dissemination of wrong information. The researcher has used peer reviewed article which assures that reliable and authentic data has been collected. The reliability states about the dependability of research findings and for ensuring this systemic data collection format was followed and records were maintained. Consistent coding was done for organising data and analysing the information. In this manner, researcher has maintained validity and reliability while approaching data from the sources and using it for developing outcomes.

Data access

For gathering secondary data, a series of process was followed and suitable documents was collected. Library and database access has been taken for gathering the information. Furthermore, government portals were used as it provides authentic information. Moreover, websites of the companies have been used to detect the issues along with gaining significant insights.

Ethical consideration

Ethics plays crucial role in research as it associates with the morals and fundamentals that depicts whether research procedure has been undertaken in ethical manner or not. Therefore, in current research context, researcher has focused on this area and accordingly ethics were followed. Information that is reliable and valid in nature has been collected by researcher. Also, no harm towards any individual, group or community was done during the research procedure. It has been specifically performed for promoting social good (Dzwigol, 2022). By analysing the operational challenges of IVD firms’ strategies were recommended that supports in tackling the complexities and contributes in manufacturing of IVD products that ultimately enhances the well-being of people. Furthermore, academic integrity throughout the research procedure was maintained and no plagiarism was done. Appropriate referencing pattern has been followed and credit to the authors was given. Hence, there is no doubt in stating that researcher has followed ethics in current research which led to enhance the efficacy of outcomes.

Conclusion

The current chapter has focused on analysing about the selected research methodologies and subsequently, justification behind the selection of methods has been provided. The qualitative research method approached by researcher and secondary information was collected and accordingly, qualitative content analysis was done.

CHAPTER 4- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Introduction

The present section will be based on analysing the data and accordingly operation management challenges of B2C manufacturing in context of IVD companies in SA will be analysed. The presentation will be done in the form of themes and consequently thematic analysis would be done.

Thematic representation of findings

Direct marketing strategies of B2C companies in healthcare sector of GCC region

There has been massive transformation experienced by healthcare sector due to technological advancement. Specifically latest trend such as DTC [Diagnostic Trouble Codes] strategies supported companies to meet the customer requirement. Digitalisation in healthcare sector within GCC region opened up the opportunities for companies within healthcare sector. The B2C strategies within healthcare sector focused on adopting a customer centric approach through which needs and requirements of the consumers has been focused out (Solaiman, 2024). Gaining the trust of customers is an important aspect in healthcare industry and this can be done via providing quality products to them. In GCC region consumers approaches Health Service System and lead to develop varied benefits for the IVD companies. B2C healthcare marketing implemented different tactics such as using different languages for gaining the attention of consumers along with developing emotional interaction for them (Castillo and Dimaculangan, 2024). Hence, it can be said that marketing strategies are aligned with using customer centric method, developing trust in consumer for shaping their purchasing power, using accessible languages and most importantly adopting digitalisation. This led to create support for healthcare companies and consequently, they have attracted the larger customer segment.

Manufacturing and supply chain practices of IVD companies in Saudi Arabia

The Manufacturing and supply chain practices in IVD companies are regulated by government. There are systematic protocols has been implemented for these organisations as they deal in healthcare sector and it is important for companies to follow these protocols. The manufacturing practices of the firms are aligned with cost management, quality control, procurement strategy and testing of devices (Bhaskar et al, 2023). IVD organisations has complex manufacturing process as specific concern towards quality requires to be shown. In this companies, quality is an important factor as it is directly linked with the health status of individuals. On the other hand, supply chain practices are entitled with managing stock, delivering of products and gathering raw materials. SA is restricted because of certain rules and this impact the import of raw materials, due to which operational procedure of IVD companies get impacted in negative manner (Alzhrani et al, 2024). The supply chain management of the company requires to be made secure and transparent so that optimal inventory can be managed and demand of the customers can be managed. There is need to adopt robust quality strategy by manufacturers so that quality consideration can be done. Furthermore, link with global partners must be implemented as it helps in solving supply chain complexities (Alsaadi et al, 2022). Hence, it can be said that IVD companies efficacy depends upon their manufacturing and supply chain management procedure. It is important to develop emphasis on this area and specifically supply chain management procedure in organisations must be enhanced so that products can reach to customers.

Factors influencing B2C operations of IVD Companies in Saudi Arabia

From the secondary information it has been identified that there are varied factors which are influencing the operations of IVD companies dealing in B2C business context-

Market requirement

Business environment is dynamic in nature and due to this market requirements keep changing. There is increasing in the demand of IVD devices specifically after COVID-19. The supply is not able to meet the demand components and this is acting as a major barrier in this context. It is highly important to focus on this loophole as this is creating bigger market gape for IVD companies (Bahabri et al, 2022). Rising in the prevalence of chronic disease led to increasing the demand for IVD products so that test can be undertaken and disease can be identified. The healthcare settings are dependent upon these IVD devices for detecting the chronic disease and accordingly further action related to treatment plans are established.

Consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour plays important role in driving the success of business, same has been witnessed in the case of IVD companies. After COVID-19 customer has become highly conscious about their health and due to which demand for IVD products increased to greater note. The market of IVD organisations in SA are segmented into cardiology, oncology, gastroenterology and other infectious disease (Abdelaziz et al, 2020). The major customer of IVD organisations are healthcare settings, research laboratory, research institution and medical colleges. The customer behaviour shapes on the basis of quality of services and products. Lack of quality can impact customer preference, hence, this act as a major threat for IVD organisations in SA.

Regulatory practices

From the secondary sources it has been analysed that in SA restriction on the import and export of the goods has been implemented. This is creating major issues for IVD Companies as they are not able to import significant raw materials (Almaslami et al, 2020). Furthermore, local legislation related to marker entry and conducting operations are primarily approved by Saudi Food and Drug Authority [SFDA]. The procedure of IVD companies gets delayed due to these restrictions. Thus, this is considered as one of the foremost barriers in this area and therefore, it is important to imply emphasis on this area.

Technological advancement

The technological innovation is considered as the core strategic developmental domain for IVD sector. The radical changes in technology opened up different opportunities for the IVD companies. Those IVD organisations who are not digitally active facing issues with regards to their supply chain procedure (Almatroodi et al, 2020). Technologies such as Internet of things, artificial intelligence and advanced analytics supports in easing the task related to supply chain. Lack of technology advancement and guidance in this area creating significant barriers for the organisations and they are facing complexities in supply chain procedure. Therefore, it is highly important to take guidance from experts so that technological advancement can be undertaken by the organisations.

Barries and challenges in context of B2C optimisation and supply for IVD organisations in Saudi Arabia

With the findings, it was clear that there are many different types of challenges and barriers which impact the supply for the IVD companies in the B2C business type. These challenges affect the working of the company to a great extent and resultantly the overall working capability of the companies in Saudi Arabia is impacted. According to the findings from the LR, it was analysed that the major challenge faced by the companies present in Saudi Arabia relating to IVD is the intense competition. The competition within the external market is very intense and tough and this creates a major challenge for effective supply management in IVD companies. Alajmi, Adlan and Lahyani, (2021) supported that when the competition is tough then it implies the users are many but the supply is less and this affects the working of the company to a great extent. However, in the case when the working needs to be improved then automatically the working might be improved.

However, the finding also stated that these IVD companies are lacking in brand development and promotion as well. This is also a major barrier within the working and supply chain of these countries. It is due to the reason that when the effective type of the brand development and promotion activities will not be implemented then it will be affecting the supply to a great extent. Almutairi, Salonitis and Al-Ashaab, (2020) stated that when people do not know about the companies then the material will not be effectively supplied to them. Thus, for this, it is necessary for IVD companies in Saudi Arabia they effectively try to work to improve and promote the business so that more suppliers can be attracted.

Opportunities for optimising B2C manufacturing and supply for IVD firms in SA

With the above finding, it was analysed that there are many different types of challenges which businesses in IVD may face. On the contrary, there are also many opportunities which can improve the supply chain within the IVD companies. The most common opportunity identified with the findings includes coming in partnership with other suppliers and manufacturers. This is the most effective opportunity as with the help of this partnership the company will be highlighted in the market and resultantly the overall working will be improved. Hussain et al, (2023) also support that when the partnership is done then the network will be increased and as a result of this market visibility will be increased. This is good for the IVD companies as with complying with this opportunity more market recognition will be provided to the IVD companies. In contrast to this, Al-Alqam, Rehman and Alsultan, (2022) argued that another opportunity is to work on complying with the various legislations and regulations applicable to the working. This is necessary as while dealing with IVD there are different standards and regulations which need to be followed and implemented into the working. When these regulations are fulfilled then it will provide better work and as a result of this, the overall visibility of IVD companies will increase which will attract more suppliers.

Discussion

With the analysis of the findings, it is clear that there are many different challenges and barriers which impact the working of the company and the supply of IVD companies. It is due to the reason that when the barriers are faced in working then automatically the overall working will be impacted. Thus, as a result of this, the overall efficiency is impacted and resultantly the supply chain is also affected. The most common challenge or barrier outlined is the completion. It is the most common type of the challenge which is faced by the IVD companies. The competition within this industry is intense and as a result of this, the overall working is also impacted. Damtie, Ibrahim and Yikna, (2020) states that when the visibility of the companies in the market is high then people will know the different companies better. Thus, as a result of this, the overall work will be improved and the material will be provided on time. In case the supply to IVD companies is not made on time then it will impact the working efficiency of the company and the product will not be delivered according to the requirement.

Moreover, the finding also stated that in case the effective type of opportunity is grabbed by these IVD companies then the supply chain can be improved. When the supply chain is effective then automatically the overall efficiency of the companies will increase. Thus, for this, it is necessary for the companies they partner with the suppliers so that an effective network can be built. The reason underlying the fact is that when the proper and effective type of the relation will be maintained with the suppliers then they will be providing the materials on time and resultantly the company will be in a position to earn better. On the other side, Alajmi, Adlan and Lahyani, (2021) argued that in case good relation will not be maintained then it will be impacting the overall efficiency. The reason underlying the fact is that when the effective type of the relation will be maintained then automatically the working will be improved (Cobbaert et al, 2022). Also, with the help of the effective type of the relations the company is in a position to manage and maintain a good relation with one another and also the supply is managed on time.

Furthermore, this can be said that in SA, B2C companies that delas in IVD sectors facing operational and supply chain management issue. There are different factors such as market trends, consumer behaviour, regulatory practices and technological advancement creating barriers of companies. Direct marketing strategies of B2C organisations such as digitalisation, customer-centric approach and so on supports in gaining the attention of consumers and speed up the process of IVD companies (Machado et al, 2020). However, there are certain IVD organisations who are lacking in terms of adopting digitalisation. Therefore, it is important to develop specific focus on this area as it helps in managing the complexities related to supply chain management as well. Moreover, from the findings it has been analysed that it is important to take significant actions in relation to barriers and specific emphasis must be mad on focusing on the quality assurance in IVD organisations as this is one of the foremost aspects that needs to be focused out for tackling the operational challenges.

Conclusion

Conclusively; this can be said that IVD organisations in SA facing different complexities such as changing customer preference, market trends, technological advancement and regulatory compliance. There is need to focus on undertaking technological advancement as it enables companies to adopt the digital transformation and further their supply chain procedure can be enhanced. Furthermore, organisations require to focus on maintaining the quality of the product as it contributes in higher profitability and ultimately it led to impact the operational efficacy in positive manner.

CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

On the basis of research outcomes, this can be clearly stated that IVD companies are facing issues in context of operations and supply procedure. However, there is no doubt in stating that varied opportunities have been opened up for IVD organisations specifically after COVID-19. The rise in chronic illnesses has increased the demand for IVD products. But certain external and internal factors such as technological advancement, market trends, customer preference, regulatory compliance, lack of operational efficacy and lack of trained staff creating loopholes for IVD companies in terms of optimising their operational and supply chain management efficacy. Hence, it has been identified that in healthcare sector patient safety is foremost component and therefore, it is important to develop focus on this area. IVD organisation can gain the trust of customers by meeting quality protocols as it assures about patient safety. In this manner, productivity can be enhanced by companies.

Furthermore, it has been witnessed that meeting regulatory compliance is an important element for IVD companies and this can be done by meeting the safety protocols. Evidence-based practice requires to be incorporated by organisation in their operational procedure so that accordingly evidence-based decision making can be undertaken. Thus, by meeting quality protocols and regulatory compliance effectual outcomes can be gained. Moreover, global partnership must be implemented by IVD companies so they can get assistance regarding the technological advancement and accordingly training can be organised for staff. Hence, from the research it has been identified that it is important to analyse the market trend on consistent not so that business can become able to implement customer-centric strategies which enhances the operational efficacy of companies. Thus, by focusing on the identified factors IVD companies in SA can improve their operational and supply chain practices.

Recommendations

Below mentioned are the major recommendations for IVD organisations in SA

Analysing market trends

It is recommended to IVD organisations that they must focus on consistently analysing the data and accordingly information should be allocated and integrated. There is rise in chronic illnesses which has opened up opportunities for IVD organisations (Zhu et al, 2023). However, in SA companies are not active when it comes to adopting and implementing latest trends. Therefore, it is important to collect and integrate data, this information can be specifically used for taking appropriate actions while undertaking operations. Hence, analysing market trends and taking actions accordingly support organisations in terms of gaining customer trust.

Technological advancement

It is important to adopt technological advancement as it enables company to detect the needs and requirements of customers. Further, it helps in taking significant actions that are essential for supply procedure. Artificial intelligence enable organisation in terms of predicting and segmenting data. Hence, it can be said that it further helps in allocating and integrating data which is crucial for taking operational decision (Kivimäki, 2022). Companies need to undertake technological advancement so they can effectively focus on enhancing their operational practices. The quality measurement can be done via technology and this provide idea regarding the quality maintenance in whole procedure. Thus, there is no doubt in stating that it is important to focus on technological advancement within IVD organisations so that operational efficacy can be enhanced.

Training to staff

The introduction of technology advancement requires trained staff who can easily access the technology and further they can perform functions as well. Therefore, it is important to organise training for the staff members so they can learn about technological aspects and accordingly they will be able to perform their practices. By organising training, staff will be made aware regarding the new procedures and it contributes in enhancing the operational procedure. From the findings it has been analysed that it is important to focus on the internal and external factors for solving the issues related to operations and supply chain (VITTORINI, 2022). Therefore, by organising training in the organisation employees can learn about the ways in which task can be performed while using technology. Training is an important aspect in IVD companies as these devices are needed to be manufacture by using high quality technology and therefore by providing training to staff operational efficacy can be enhanced to greater note.

Quality compliance

Quality compliance is important in IVD companies because it provides assurance related to safety and efficacy of the products and this directly influences patient safety. Organisations needs to ensure about the patient safety and this can be done by ensuring quality in the devices. The laboratory errors can be reduced by following quality standard protocols (Maryadi and Damayanti, 2024). Furthermore, meeting quality standard supports in adhering with regulatory practices. Therefore, it is recommended to IVD firms that they need to maintain quality standards in their manufacturing procedure so that operational efficacy can be enhanced.

Regulatory Compliance

Regulatory compliance assures that the product has been made via following the quality criteria and it is safe. In healthcare sector evidence-based practice plays vital role as it supports in decision making. IVD devices are used for detecting the illness of patient that contributes in evidence-based decision making (Karmańska, 2021). Therefore, it is important to focus on this area and evidence-based practices requires to be incorporated in the operational procedure. In this manner, company can effectively focus on meeting the regulatory compliance and effectual support can be ensured in clinical setting. Thus, it can be said that it is important to meet regulatory compliance for IVD companies.

Global partners

It is suggested to IVD firms that they must implement relationship with local health care facilities as it can bring improvement in B2C processes. Partnership further assists in market entry and increase the supply chain value. Most importantly, it helps in meeting quality standards ((VITTORINI, 2022).The partners can assist about innovative technology and regulatory practices. Hence, it can be said that IVD companies in Saudi Arabia must implement partnership with global partners as this will assist regarding the key actions which are important to be taken.

Above mentioned recommendations will support IVD companies in terms of enhancing their operational and supply chain management procedure.

REFERENCES

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Author Bio

Kennedy Watson   5 years | MBA

Hey, students, I am Kennedy Watson. I have pursued a master's in management. The above blog was crafted by me to guide students in completing their assignments when they feel overwhelmed. I completely understand that students are not able to prepare foolproof assignments to present to their professors. That's why I have suggested 10 effective tips through which you can complete your project. With 5+ years of experience in this field, I can assure guaranteed results for you.