Development Of Contemporary Tourism And Travel Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Development Of Contemporary Tourism And Travel

Tourism is a fast-rising business that has contributed significantly to the world economies. It is the migration of individuals from one location to another for leisure, business, or other reasons. Tourism is defined by the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) as "the conduct of persons visiting through and residing in locations beyond of their typical surroundings for recreational, professional, and other reasons for not more than a single continuous year (Guttentag, 2020)." The tourist business has developed over time, with numerous reasons contributing to its growth. This article will explore important events in tourist history that have led to the creation of modern tourism. Furthermore, the article will investigate the many travel reasons and ideas that explain why individuals travel. This paper will be broken into two parts. The first section will go through the important events in tourist history which have led to the establishment of modern tourism. The second segment will look at various travel reasons and hypotheses about the reasons individual's trip.

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Main Body

Explain the development of contemporary tourism

• The evolution of modern tourism has been impacted by a number of variables, including technical breakthroughs, modifications to cultural norms, and financial stability. Tourism may be traced through the beginning of time when humans travelled for religious, commercial, and exploratory objectives. The contemporary traveller area, then again, started to form into shape in the nineteenth 100 years and has since seen significant extension and advancement. The introduction of the Grand Tour in the eighteenth century was the underlying phase towards development of current the travel industry. It was an educational tour of Europe common with rich young men from the United Kingdom and other regions of Europe. The Grand Tour was regarded as a vital component of the aristocracy's education, and it included visits to cultural including historical landmarks, plays, and meetings with significant individuals (Dang, 2020).
• The 2nd phase was the introduction of large-scale tourism in the latter part of the century. The rise of industry and urbanisation created more money to spend and free time, allowing greater numbers of individuals to travel. Travel became more accessible and economical when the transportation networks such as railroads and steamboats were developed. Initial package trips were launched, and coastal resorts and thermal cities were famous among the middle and upper class (Kádár, 2021).
• The third stage was the post-World War II tourist boom. Following the war, the economy recovered, resulting in more disposable cash and a demand for things to do. Travel turned out to be more available and practical with the presentation of business airplane and the ascent of the car business (Rogers, 2023).
• The emergence of alternate travel in the 1970s and 1980s was the fourth stage of development. This was in response to the detrimental environmental and social repercussions of mass tourism. Ecotourism, also known heritage tourism, and extreme sports tourism evolved as other forms of vacationing that emphasised environmentally friendly and ethical travel (Eirini, 2016).
• The fifth stage in the twenty-first century was the digital transformation. The growing use of social networking sites and the internet has altered how individuals plan and schedule their vacations. Internet travel firms, evaluation websites, and travel writers have all become valuable resources for travellers seeking knowledge and motivation (Pencarelli, 2020).

Explain travel motivational theories

The variables that impact an individual's choice to travel are referred to as travel motives. These incentives can be classified as push or pull influences. Push factors are those that inspire people to leave their homes, and pull factors are those that draw them to a certain location. A desire to escape monotony, stress, or bad weather, or a desire to fulfil curiosity or experience other cultures, are examples of push reasons. Pull factors, on the other side, might encompass scenic beauty, artistic treasures, places of historical significance, or leisure activities. Maslow's Hierarchy of wants, which proposes that human beings establish a hierarchy of wants that should be met in order to reach self-actualization, may also be used to explain trip reasons (Pereira, 2019). Furthermore, Plog's theory of travel motives argues that travellers can be classified into two categories: stereotypical or psychocentric. Overall, travel reasons are complicated and can be impacted by a wide range of circumstances. Understanding these motives is critical for tourism experts in order to design effective advertising campaigns and deliver experiences that match travellers' requirements and ambitions (Gnanapala, 2020).

Explain Crompton's theory of Pull and Push factors

According to Crompton's theory of travel motives, there are two sorts of variables that impact an individual's choice to travel: push factors and pull factors. Push factors are internal components that encourage people to leave their homes, whereas attraction variables are outside forces that draw them to a specific location. A desire to escape monotony, stress, or adverse weather conditions, or a desire to fulfil curiosity or experience other cultures, are examples of push reasons. Pull factors, on the other side, may include natural scenery, cultural treasures, places of historical significance, or leisure activities. In the United States, for example, push motivations for travel can include a desire for leisure or thrills, while factors that draw travellers could pertain to well-known locations like Hawaii, New York City, or the Grand Canyon (Uysal, 2018). According to the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the top five most visited nations in the world in 2019 were France, Spain, the United States, China, and Italy. Cultural assets, natural landscapes, historical monuments, and leisure activities may be drawing factors for these nations. According to Statista's 2019 poll, the top three motivations for leisure travel among US travellers were to relax and relieve stress (68%), discover new cultures and places (52%), and spend time with family and friends (45%). These are instances of push forces that encourage people to travel. According to the same poll, the top three global vacation destinations for US tourists in 2019 are Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean (Said, 2018).

Explain Maslow's Hierarchy

Maslow's Hierarchy of desires is a concept that proposes that people have a spectrum of wants that has to be met with the goal of reaching the process of self the necessities are organised in a structure called a pyramid, with physical necessities like housing and food at the bottom and security, social, self-worth, and goals for self-actualization at the very top. This theory may be extended to travel reasons since travel may offer opportunities for leisure, adventure, social connection, acquiring knowledge, and personal improvement. A traveller driven by physiologic demands, for instance, could look out for an area that provides healthy eating alternatives or a pleasant place to sleep. A socially driven traveller can look for out places that provide possibilities for involvement in society, including concerts or artistic endeavours. According to figures from the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the top several reasons for foreign travel in 2018 included enjoyment (56%), seeing friends and family (19%), and commerce (14%). These motives are related to Maslow's Hierarchy, since leisure travel may meet requirements for relaxing and personal development meeting friends and family can meet their social requirements and professional travel can meet need for self-esteem. In addition, according to research performed by the European Travel Commission, the top three objectives for European travellers in 2019 were to relax and relieve stress (62%), discover different cultures and countries (53%), and spend moments with family and friends (45%). These motives are also related to Maslow's Hierarchy, because relaxation and decreasing stress may meet physiological and safety requirements, cultural experiences can meet self-worth and achievement needs, and visiting with family and friends can meet societal demands(Šimková, 2014).

Explain Plog's theory of travel motivations.

According to Plog's theory of travel motives, there are two categories of travellers: stereotypical and psychocentric. Allocentric travellers are daring and seek out new and unusual experiences, whereas psychocentric travellers prefer things that are conventional and expected. This idea explains why certain individuals enjoy adventurous travel while others choose hotels with all-inclusive packages. For instance, an allocentric traveller may seek out areas that provide adventurous activities like trekking or scuba diving, whereas a psychometric traveller may favour places that provide familiar pleasures like shopping or resting on the beach. Overall, Plog's travel motives theory provides a valuable framework to comprehend the way travellers' choices for their travels fluctuate. Tourism experts may build effective advertising approaches and deliver events that fulfil the wants and ambitions of travellers by recognising these motives(Milan, 2018).

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Conclusion

Finally, several variables such as technological improvements, changes in cultural values, and economic expansion have affected the evolution of modern tourism. Tourism may be tracked back to the beginning of time where individuals travelled for religious, commercial, and exploratory objectives. The contemporary tourist sector began to emerge in the nineteenth century and has since seen substantial expansion and evolution. Travel motives are important in identifying why people travel, and theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Plog's Theory of Travel motives give useful frameworks to comprehend these reasons for travelling. Tourism experts may build effective marketing strategies and deliver experiences that fulfil the wants and ambitions of travellers by recognising these motives.

References

• Dang, N., 2020. CONTEMPORARY TOURISM, s.l.: Elsevier.
• Eirini, T., 2016. The evolution of alternative forms of Tourism: a theoretical background”, s.l.: 2rd International Conference of Development and economy (ICODECON) 2016At: Thessaloniki Greece.
• Gnanapala, A., 2020. TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS AND DESTINATION SELECTION: A CRITIQUE, s.l.: s.n.
• Guttentag, D., 2020. Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management , 31(5), pp. 637-651.
• Kádár, B., 2021. Tourism flows in large-scale destination systems. Annals of Tourism Research.
• Milan, O. C.-., 2018. Plog's Model of Personality-Based Psychographic Traits in Tourism: A Review of Empirical Research. Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing.
• Pencarelli, T., 2020. The digital revolution in the travel and tourism industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(5).
• Pereira, V., 2019. Impact of Travel Motivation on Tourist's Attitude Toward Destination: Evidence of Mediating Effect of Destination Image. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 46(3).
• Rogers, B., 2023. The Distribution and Growth of Tourism since the Second World War, s.l.: s.n.
• Said, J., 2018. Motivation and Perception of Tourists as Push and Pull Factors to Visit National Park, s.l.: School of Postgraduate Studie.
• Šimková, E., 2014. Motivation of Tourism Participants. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159(3), pp. 660-664.
• Uysal, M., 2018. Chapter 15. Push-pull dynamics in travel decisions, s.l.: University of Massachusetts Amherst.