Healthcare Worker�s Burnout During The COVID-19 Pandemic Dissertation Sample

Introduction of Healthcare Worker’s Burnout During The COVID-19 Pandemic Dissertation

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Chapter 1:

This report is based on the “Factors associated with the burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic”. Job burnout has been increasing globally which is a major concern that affects the physical and mental well-being of health care workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, closing down and restricting all the borders has affected healthcare workers & their families which is causing a negative psychological effect. This report aims to identify the factors associated with the healthcare workers' burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research paper, the psychological and mental illness that has an impact due to the pandemic will be identified.

1.1 Background of the project

The background of this project is largely focusing on the worker's burnout during the pandemic. The covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted the life of global human beings and it also cause severe job Burnout among Healthcare workers or Frontline workers. The pandemic has created a very crucial situation in which the hospitals and Healthcare institutions played the most important role to control the widespread and treating the virus as much as possible. This took long hours of continuous working in personal protective equipment (PPE) that increased the problems among Frontline and health care workers while fighting coronavirus. The overall condition created a large level of stress and anxiety among Health Care workers and leads to job burnout experiences making them more vulnerable and affected. In simple words, work or job burnout is related to work-related issues which impact the physical and emotional well-being of the people. Burnout was first pragmatic in the healthcare workers by Freudenberger in 1974. Several symptoms have been identified related to burnout such as detachment, depression, anxiety, low mood, fatigue, lack of creativity, and reduced productivity & performance (Dugani et al, 2018). These symptoms are important to analyse and address by large organisations and institutions to maintain business performance and continuity at crucial times.

As the employees are the most important resource for an organisation the businesses need to address this issue calmly and keenly. Work burnout does not happen overnight. It slowly processes with the stress of an individual and evolves. It became highly important for relevant Institutions to address employee burnout because without being resolved this can cause physical and mental harm on a permanent level. This overall situation is very difficult to manage and it will diminish the values and structure of the organisation slowly and cause greater and long-term harm to people and businesses. Work burnout can be caused by several pf reasons such as lack of social support, lack of fairness, lack of control at the workplace, not being recognized for the effort, and so on. During the peak days in the healthcare industry, healthcare workers demand peace, emotional intensity, and time to not be pressurized (Caraus 2021). Without being properly addressed and controlled Burnout also has major serious consequences on overall population health and causes mental issues due to depression that can also lead to suicide and substance abuse and it is contagious at work I said that making it more severe. Burnout is a long-term stress reaction that manifests in emotional tiredness, lack of sense of personal achievement, and reification. In the healthcare industry, several symptoms have been identified of burnout such as emotional detachment, constant anxiety, unexplained sickness, tiredness, and finding no enjoyment in the job role.

Job workout has been increasing in the healthcare industry but after the Covid-19 it has been increased (Frajerman et al, 2019). The pandemic has increased the physical and mental illness that has increased job burnout among healthcare workers. It has been identified that a high level of job burnout was found among the health care workers, especially in the emergency and isolation wards. Studies have shown that due to the Covid-19, the world is experiencing an unpredictable worldwide public health crisis with substantial stress on the healthcare system.

1.2 Aims & Objectives

Research Aim

This research paper aims to identify the factors associated with the healthcare workers' burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research objectives

• To understand the concept of burnout among health care workers
• To find out the link between patient safety, medical errors, and burnout in the healthcare industry
• To identify the factors linked with healthcare workers' burnout due to pandemic
• To examine the psychological, physical, and mental impact of the pandemic on healthcare workers.

1.3 Research questions

1. What do you understand by burnout?
2. What are the factors that contributed to the worker's burnout during the Covid-19 pandemic?
3. What are the symptoms that cause physical and mental illness among the healthcare workers burnout?

1.4 Problem statement

The problem of the research paper is linked to the healthcare workers' burnout at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. Before Covid-19, burnout has been identified in the healthcare workers but after that, it has been increased (Doherty and O’Brien, 2022). It has been identified that burnout is a state of physical and emotional illness at the workplace. It is not a kind of disease. In the era of Covid-19, symptoms of workers' burnout have been identified such as anxiety, distress, depression, workload, fear of being infected with the disease, and so on. This is the major problem that what are the factors that are linked with the worker's burnout in the healthcare sector during the Covid-19 pandemic. It has been identified that anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder have been identified among the healthcare workers in the pandemic.

1.5 Research Rationale

The pandemic is the worst in the history of the world. The spread of COVID-19 has impacted the psychological disorder of people, especially among healthcare workers. With the help of a research paper, one can get to know the factors that are associated with the healthcare workers' burnout during the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic (Sofology, Efstratopoulou and Dunn, 2019). It is important to find out the symptoms that cause the psychosociological disorders among healthcare workers, leading to burnout. The analysis of different factors encouraging job Burnout among Health Care workers during covid-19 is essential to identify different approaches to address the problem effectively.

This study will also focus on concerning the importance of analysing important expectations that can help organisations and Institutions to control job Burnout hotel and reduce its possibilities within work processes such as communication, interaction and work-life balance. With the help of this research paper, an individual will find an understanding of the concept of work burnout. The factors that are caused burnout among healthcare workers will also be identified in detail while reviewing the literature papers. The research will analyse the different strategies and approaches by conducting a secondary Review that will help the relevant audience to understand their cause and effect and apply them appropriately in real-life working conditions.

1.6 Significance of the study

As stated above, the burnout among the healthcare workers has been growing among the healthcare workers but after the Covid-19 it has been increased which results in the physical and mental illness. It is important to know the symptoms of workers' burnout that are gradually increasing among healthcare workers (Baigent and Baigent, 2018). The healthcare workers have been impacted with the Covid-19 in terms of mental and psychological disorders. With the help of literature papers, the importance of this study can be identified by an individual by knowing the healthcare workers' burnout. It has been identified that the healthcare workers have been fighting with their mental illness due to the Covid-19 which results in burnout.

1.7 Summary

The chapter provides a short introduction, background of the topic, and problem statement with the aims and objectives. This chapter summarizes the aims and objectives that will be achieved by the end of this research paper. The chapter demonstrated that this research aims to identify the relevant factors associated with healthcare employees’ Burnout at the time of the covid-19 pandemic. To accomplish the relevant objective has been developed such as understanding the concept of healthcare workers' role reasons for burnout, the association between employee Burnout, medical errors and safety of people, the factors that are highly encouraging for employee burnout during pandemics and the examination of the different impact of a pandemic on Frontline workers in terms of physical, psychological and mental health.

The main focus of this research paper will be on identifying the concept of Burnout and the factor that contributed to highly Burnout situation of Frontline workers during covid-19. The study will also identify the major causes of mental and physical illness among healthcare employees that caused job Burnout during a pandemic. Several symptoms of healthcare workers' burnout have been identified such as detachment, depression, anxiety, low mood, fatigue, lack of creativity, and reduced productivity & performance (Brindley et al, 2019). It has been identified that burnout is a state of physical and emotional illness at the workplace. It provides a short description of burnout for healthcare workers. It has been identified that the healthcare workers' burnout has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So, with the further chapters, the factors associated with the worker's burnout will be identified. It focuses on the rationale of the study while identifying the importance of the same. A detailed description will be given with the help of a literature review in the further chapter. 

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Concept of burnout

As per the views of Gorji (2011), job burnout is a type of stress of physical and mental exhaustion that involves the loss of personal identity and a sense of reduced accomplishment within a specific sector. In the healthcare industry, especially the term burnout has stated due to lots of pressure on the employees without providing flexibility to the employees. It has been identified that job burnout is a condition abstracted caused by workplace stress that has not been managed successfully. Studies have shown that burnout affects the health of people which leads to psychological and mental problems. Work-related impacts have been identified such as poor quality of care, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, professional mistakes, and so on. Some factors have also been identified that result in burnout such as anxiety, lack of creativity, low mood, fatigue, feeling listless, and reduced performance and productivity.

Chirico (2016), stated that psych0-social risks & work-related stress are the most challenging issues behind the health and safety of the employees which not only impact the individuals but also affect the organizational business model, organizational structure, and national economies. As per the analysis of the research paper, it has been identified that the concept of burnout has been started in the healthcare industry. Chirico has agreed with their viewpoint of Gorji and said that there is a heavy pressure on the healthcare employees which results in dissatisfaction, demotivation, and absenteeism. Some psychological hazards that have been found in this literature paper include workload, task design, emotional demands, work environment & work equipment, career development, home-work interface, organizational change, organizational culture & function, and so on.

According to the study of Talaee et al (2020), the covid-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the mental and physical health of Frontline workers and caused job Burnout among Healthcare workers. The study revealed that nurses or Frontline workers are more vulnerable and exposed to job-related hazards and have to undergo a considerable level of emotional and physical pressure in terms of managing job roles during a pandemic. The increased stress on the mental health of Frontline workers due to infectious disease or coronavirus pandemic led to a major decline in the health and willpower of Frontline workers and caused job burnout. Job Burnout is an important threat to businesses as it reduces the commitment and efficiency of employees towards their job roles and causes harm to businesses in the short and long term in both direct and indirect ways.

Moreover, In the words of Jalili et al (2021), job burnout is a problem for overall business management and especially a warning sign of inefficiency of Human Resource Management within the organisation. The covid-19 created a sensitive situation that made job Burnout prevalent among Frontline workers in the Healthcare industry. Job Burnout reduced job satisfaction among employees due to stressful staff experiences during a pandemic and it also leads to major negative impacts according to age and gender. The level of employee Burnout has increased because of the coronavirus pandemic and it also leads to emotional exhaustion lack of personal achievement and personalization at most High levels. The study revealed that the level of employee burnout varied based on work-related factors, personal aspects and gender however it is mainly and highly affected the employees in the Healthcare industry.

In support, Liu et al (2020), stated that the covid-19 outbreak was one of the most crucial pandemics of all time and it caused a sudden bio disaster that bring a negative impact on the health and job role of healthcare employees. The common factors that lead to major Burnout among Healthcare employees included reduced personal achievement depersonalization and emotional exhaustion during the pandemic with the rate of 73.98%, 56.59% and 50.57% respectively. The data reflects that people working in high infection areas and coping styles were the major victims of job burnout. The employees working in higher intensity and on a senior title were facing increased emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishments during the covid-19 pandemic that led to major employee burnout in the sector.

In favour, Duarte et al (2020), demonstrated that during pandemics the Healthcare workers were directly involved in the situation and controlling the outbreak and saving the people created a major workload and exposed the workforce to multiple psychosocial stress-causing factors. The cross-sectional study conducted identified that direct contact of a Healthcare workforce with patients of coronavirus pandemic and the increased casualty of infected people caused major depression and increased stress levels that encouraged all dimensions of burnout. The Burnout situation requires a satisfactory and calm working environment to be controlled and addressed appropriately among the healthcare workforce around the world.

In the vision of Huo et al (2021), job burnout is the combination of triggered psychological and unprecedented physical stresses faced by employees while performing their job roles Due to certain conditions. The front-line medical workforce had significant job Burnout during covid-19 due to an increased depressive working environment the time that was associated with work-related elements and other individual factors. It is identified that the prevalence rate is extremely increased among Frontline workers in the health industry due to the direct association and psychological disorders caused by the pandemic situation.

The link between medical errors, patient safety, and burnout in the healthcare industry

Hall et al (2016), stated that medical errors and burnout are associated with patient safety. It has been identified that poor well-being is characterized by depression, fear, anxiety, high level of burnout, workload, and poor quality of life were found to be significantly linked with medical errors. Studies have shown that medical error and patients' safety are interlinked with the burnout of healthcare workers which indicates the importance of both variables. It has been found that when the resident employees from a high risk of depression and high burnout, they reported more medical errors in terms of patient safety and suffered alone from burnout and depression. With the help of this study, the researcher has found the importance of staff well-being and burnout which may be played a significant role in patient safety.

Tawfik et al (2018), stated that poor well-being & burnout have been accepted as a common work-related danger among health care professionals. Studies have shown that distress among physicians has been linked with patient safety events which include medical errors as well. In the healthcare industry, more than 50% of the workers reported burnout prevalence and 45% of the people reported having excessive fatigue reports with a higher suicide rate than the general population. According to the literature review, it has been identified that a multifaceted approach is needed to deal with the medical errors which improves the unit level of patient safety as well as physician burnout while promoting the well-being of the patients.

By Torlak et al (2021), there is a relationship between different factors during the job tenure of employees that impact their performance and behaviour and the process possibilities of job burnout. There is a relationship between medical errors and job burnout because the factors that create job errors can negatively impact the working environment and make situations stressful and overloaded. The disturbing premises of work due to inappropriate management within the organisation creates job dissatisfaction and it eventually turns out into job Burnout in long term. The medical errors also negatively impact the behaviour of employees working in the Healthcare industry and reduced the collaboration and positivity between relationships. Employee Burnout has a direct impact on the safety of patients because causes a lack of focus and commitment of employees to word jobs and leads to reduced quality ratings and Poor health care among patients.

However, Al Omar et al (2019), argued that the different factors that negatively impact employee behaviour and lead to job burnout also comprise workplace bullying or negative treatment of employees with each other. The negative environment reduces the performance of Health Care workers and it leads to appropriate care of patients that directly reduces Patient Safety and their possibilities of getting better negatively.

In the opinion of Simsekler and Qazi (2020), medical errors have a most significant negative impact on the health of patients and it possesses a higher risk to their safety. Employee Burnout is related to medical errors as there is a strong interdependency between care efficiency and the mental and physical state of healthcare providers. The study supported that bullying and harassment in the workplace reduce Patient Safety at Healthcare Institutions because they negatively influence the performance of healthcare providers. Job Burnout has a direct and strong relationship with medical errors that causes the risk to Patient Safety as without being mentally and physically fit a care provider cannot perform at an efficient level and serve patients effectively.

Additionally, Huang et al (2020), illustrated that job Burnout is not an instant and causal impact of a few negative factors at the workplace but it is the result of a long-term negative environment including a bad team working climate, poor working conditions, improper work-life balance and lack of Management efficiency. These factors cause issues in the mental and physical well-being of Health Care providers and lead to emotional exhaustion and physical fatigue that increases the chances of medical errors and risks to patient safety. The study suggested that improving the team working climate, providing a better working environment, and leading to job satisfaction and a sense of safety among employees will reduce the chances of medical errors and increase the level of safety of patients.

Whereas, Wang and Dewing (2021), argued that workplace leadership within medical Institutions has the most significant impact on the performance of healthcare employees and mediating role in personnel and patients’ Safety. The study believes that medical Institutions are required to improve nursing leadership at the workplace four leading to better workplace empowerment and helping the workforce to provide effective Patient Safety and care.

Factors associated with healthcare workers' burnout during a pandemic

Dinibutun (2020), stated that the pandemic has increased the worker's burnout in the healthcare industry. It has impacted their mental, physical, and phycological impacts which cause burnout. As, it has been identified that the pandemic has caused serious problems for the healthcare workers due to the factors that have increased fear, depression, anxiety, and stress levels among the employees. All these symptoms of their mental health condition have been increased in the cause of workers' burnout. Studies have shown that the burnout rates have been increased in the healthcare industry as compared to the other career.

It has been identified that the level of burnout is likely to be increased during the pandemic due to the increased pressure on providing healthcare services to the patients (Duarte et al, 2020). The factors that are associated with the healthcare workers' burnout include long work hours, high workload, high-stress work environment, lack of support, emotional strain from the patient care, anxiety, and so on. It has been identified that physician burnout has a direct influence on stress, fatigue, depression, poor quality of patient care, and so on. Employee wellness in the healthcare industry should be monitored while concerning their safety issues.

The cross-sectional study conducted and analysed by Barello et al (2021) demonstrated that there is a perceived role of organisational demand and related threats among employees during covid-19 that led major trigger of emotional exhaustion among Frontline workers in the healthcare industry that resulted in work-related stress drastically causing job burnout. It has been analysed in the examination that personal resources including the process of utilising orientation by professionals for engaging patients and the availability of required resources and job demand impacts the level of mental stress and emotional exhaustion among healthcare employees. It is important to make personal resources available for encouraging the professional orientation of healthcare workers and controlling their experience of job Burnout during critical situations properly.

In support, Naldi et al (2021), revealed that drastic changes in job roles and operations in the Healthcare industry due to covid-19 touches social restrictions and high-level expectations from Frontline workers increase the social and emotional pressure on Health Care providers and reduce their psychological stability. It is evident that several casualties and the increasing spread of covid-19 resulted in the worst psychological level and are associated with anxiety, fear, distress, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and the threat of death while treating patients. Along with these factors, the separation from family and no work-life balance also created employee burnout during pandemic Healthcare workers.

Whereas, Dinibutun (2020), argue that damn personality and preferences of healthcare workers have an important role in the level of job Burnout during a pandemic. It is identified that is emotional exhaustion of positions during the pandemic was medium and depersonalization and level of personal achievements were low, but the overall Burnout was limited. However, the levels of emotional exhaustion are different for the employees of young age (18-23) and who actively participated in the fight against the pandemic in comparison with non-active physicians. It is also demonstrated that the level of job Burnout was high among the employees who did not participate willingly and has low income.

According to the analysis of Lasalvia et al (2021), The level of job Burnout was most frequent among the employees working in severe and Intensive Care Units during covid-19. The associated factor of the employee during the pandemic was the pre-existing psychological issues faced by the workforce along with trauma caused by COVID-19 related situations. The associated factors in employee Burnout during the coronavirus pandemic will include longer shift hours, increased pressure to save lives, no work-life balance, disrupted sleep and nutritional patterns, occupational hazards, increased vulnerability and post-traumatic conditions including depression Insomnia and anxiety.

Moreover, Chor et al (2021), illustrated that the factors associated with job burnout become intensified due to rising stress from the coronavirus pandemic. Healthcare workers had faced the highest burnout incidences among overall Industries around the World during the situation. The associated factors such as direct contact with patients and following protocol to reduce the infection from one person to another the Frontline workers have to maintain a strict process of using PPE kits for 18-20 hours daily. The different studies and surveys demonstrated that there is a moderate to a high level of Burnout among Healthcare employees and it is more severe among Intensive Care Units. The study also revealed that the nurses had a greater level of job Burnout than doctors and physicians.

Mental, physical, and psychological impact on the worker's burnout due to COVID-19

Asghar et al (2021), stated that the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare workers has been marvellous. Studies have shown that the impact of the pandemic is not only related to the increased workloads but also linked with the fear of the diseases for themselves and their family members. This is the research that the concept of burnout among workers has been increased which impacts their mental as well as their physical health. The physical impacts that have been identified during the pandemic include coronary heart diseases, muscular pain, respiratory problems, body ache, headache, anxiety, prolonged fatigue and so on which results in the healthcare workers' burnout (Orrù et al, 2021). The symptoms of mental health illness that result in workers' burnout include insomnia, anger, depression, anxiety, irritability, and so on. It has been identified that it is important to maintain the health of the employees in the healthcare industry to reduce the rate of burnout by providing flexibility in their job roles. The top-level management should understand the concern of all the team members and allow them to do a flexible job that improves their mental health. Several studies show that burnout can also affect the relationship at work as well as in the personal life of employees.

According to Roslan et al (2021), Coronavirus has negatively impacted the mental and physical health of healthcare providers and also disrupted their psychological balance. The uncertainty developed by the pandemic resulted in several workloads that reduces the work-life balance of healthcare employees and made them more vulnerable. The pandemic also reduces their efficiency to cope with patient-related problems and family-related requirements. The employees become more stressed and face several psychological and mental issues such as a and T and depression with the impact of a pandemic. The physical health of care provided so also declined and resulted in a major job burnout along with social-related negativity and continuous tragic situations.

In support, Orrù et al (2021), illustrated that the coronavirus situation impacts the mental physical and psychological balance of employees by leading to professional Burnout and also increasing secondary traumatic stress. These factors are also associated with potential consequences such as declining physical health and reduced job satisfaction among frontline workers. Almost every employee is exposed to the critical situation of severe casualties and distressing situations that lead to emotional exhaustion and also declined depersonalization. The overall pandemic situation also caused perceived stress and physical pain along with psychological suffering that in STS and burnout. Following Navarro Prados et al (2022), the pandemic created a challenging working environment for the Frontline workers and the challenges become uncertain and frustrating over time. The overall situation negatively impacted each factor of the mental and physical well-being of employees and led to inadequate responses due to a lack of protective resources and front of positive motivation.

Özdemir and Kerse (2020), also demonstrated that coronavirus negatively impacted the optimism and emotional balance of Frontline workers and emotional exhaustion leading to job Burnout and who are you mental and physical health. The employees also lost their psychological balance and faced highly negative and distressed situations. The continuous loss of life and increased spread of the situation also created a personal threat for Frontline workers that made fancy who become difficult for their families due to interaction after treating patients. Sørengaard and Saksvik-Lehouillier (2022), also identified that the continuous stress and pressure on healthcare workers also caused burnout contributed by increased mental and psychological distress and sleep disturbance. The emotional impairments and reactive sleep patterns become common as a result of pandemics on the care providers. The pandemic also distracted the health organisations to focus on the health and safety of employees and working on their job satisfaction due to the severity of the issue.

Chapter 3: Research methodology

The research methodology is the structure of conducting research and provides an outline for the researchers to carry out the process effectively. The research methodology is the combination of dignified procedures and techniques that are utilised by researchers to identify and evaluate information on a research topic or problem. There are different approaches to conducting research in the research methodology that comprises simulation, observational, experimental and derived process (Pham, 2018). The techniques and methods utilised in research design help researchers efficiently identify and process the information to demonstrate data among audiences by the validity and reliability. The selection of appropriate research methodology is based on the type of research and preferences of research to collect and analyse data.

For this research report, the secondary data collection method will be used by the researcher. It is a method which is already collected by the other user for some other purpose. The secondary data collection is the process of accessing the already existing information on the research topic for already conducted research on the research problem by previous explorers (Rahman, 2020). Secondary research is more effective and less time-consuming than a primary data collection method as it provides a wide range of already available data and researchers can select the information according to their requirements and relevant to their topic very easily. The secondary method of Data Collection is also preferred by the academic researcher because it provides more reliable data and validation of information as it is collected and analysed by experienced researchers and statisticians for a broader perspective. The utilisation of the secondary research approach is more comfortable and convenient for researchers with Limited Training in technical data management and data collection skills.

The secondary research and data collection from secondary sources include the analysis of information from previously conducted surveys, questionnaires, observations, experiments, and/or personal interviews. The secondary data is considered more reliable and effective because it validates by reliable sources such as government publications, journal articles, websites, internal records, and books. In this research study, a data set is utilised is that is comprised of peer-reviewed journal articles and previously conducted research and surveys on the relevant topic as it made the research more reliable and effective for the understanding and utilisation of targeted audiences (Weston et al., 2019). The secondary research method is extremely useful as it allowed the analysis of a wide range of information from high-quality databases that better answers and alternative solutions for the research problem.

The secondary research method utilizes in research because it provided great accessibility at no or low cost. This method also saves a lot of time and helps in clarifying the impact of covid-19 on the mental and physical health of Frontline workers caused a job burnout and the associated factors. The method also allowed a better understanding of problems that lead to efficient data collection and I will also support in identifying the greatest conclusions based on reliable facts and figures (Hawkins, 2018). However, the second method may lead to some compromises with the quality of collecting current data and information or data may become outdated. Though, the current Peer-reviewed journal articles for 5 years and validated surveys and statistics have been analysed that address the quality and the outdated issue of the secondary methodology of research conducted.

The qualitative research analysis will be used with which the user will collect and analyse non-numerical data to understand opinions, experiences, and concepts. The qualitative research approach is an aspect of the secondary research method that is based on analysing data from the documents, artefacts, articles and previously conducted case studies. Different research approaches are non-numerical and focus on identifying the best and most relevant information from participant observation narratives studies and descriptive accounts from a particular setting or practice (Xie et al., 2018). This methodology utilizes in the research by adopting interpretive Sociology and rejecting positivism. The purpose of using the interactive approach in this research is to identify the psychological perspective of the research problem and process with an ideographic focus. The interpreter approach also offers deep inside of a given contact and works on different sensors to provide better meaning and purpose of a given phenomenon. The interpretive analysis does not allow generalisation that reduces the reliability of information and creative researcher imposition. There is a possibility of potential biases in the process of collecting and analysing data because the questions can be potentially poor outcomes.

The utilisation of the qualitative research approach allows the understanding of ideas and motivation as an underlying reason for being a part of a particular process (Swain, 2018). This approach allows the understanding of attitudes and behaviour more efficiently and allows researchers to generate content based on reliable and valid facts and information. In addition to the second method, this approach also saves money and provides greater insights into a specific topic or research problem to understand keenly. The qualitative analysis allows researchers to identify solutions or alternatives in a creative form by using driving forces and it also explores the data or alternative as an open-ended aspect.

This approach is considered the best in secondary methodology because it incorporates human experiences and provides meaningful conclusions. However, there are some limitations of qualitative research analysis which are required to be appropriately addressed by researchers to achieve overall benefits from the process. Qualitative analysis is a time-consuming approach because it analyses and compares the information collected by different researchers in different forms (Kyngäs, 2020). It also creates difficulties in investigating causality and it does not allow the statistical representation of data and outcomes. Although, these limitations and challenges are addressed in the research study by considering a wide range of research articles and available data efficiently.

An inductive approach will be used in which the user starts with a set of observations and then move further with particular experiences. The inductive approach is also known as inductive reasoning is a process of reasoning to identify different conclusions by being specific to general during research projects. It is the combination of detailed facts of general principles and it analyses the scientific knowledge by considering the observational statements. It is a logical process of Thinking or understanding the specific observation and delivery of a combination of factual conclusions safe for creating broader theories and good generalization of research in data and information (Donaghy et al., 2019). Inductive reasoning is an important part of qualitative research as it allows continuous collection of data and making the conclusion based on changing facts.

The inductive approach is very common in qualitative research designers as it possesses specific observation and worked on the individual experiences of living affected generalisation of data and information that increases if applicability and improves the quality of research conducted. Inductive reasoning is important in the research of a project as it provides scientific approaches to analysing and evaluating data. Inductive reasoning also helps researchers in acknowledging the different potential patterns determined and the contribution of each sector to the overall pattern. The inductive reasoning is considered a scientific process and plays a valuable role in developing and testing the theories by the means of experiments (Xie et al., 2018). The utilisation of the inductive approach in this research study provided a better reasoning approach to generalise the inclusion and work on specific scenarios effectively. The inductive reasoning provided strength to the researcher’s project by allowing the analysis of data using prediction and future consequences by establishing the possibilities based on encountered facts and information.

However, inductive reasoning sometimes leads to an incomplete conclusion about a specific topic in that it creates false information. For addressing the issues in inductive reasoning, the accurate observation method is utilised. Inductive reasoning is selected for this research study because it allows the development of multiple alternatives regarding a specific research problem that allows the evaluation of different fats from secondary sources (Rahman, 2020). It also leads the latest knowledge collected by the researcher from past experiences of previous explorers for making good judgement and forming good decisions for new situations efficiently. Hence, the qualitative research analysis approach and associated techniques include inductive reasoning for observing and understanding the facts and data derived from secondary sources.

Chapter 4: Analysis and Discussion

Analysis-

The coronavirus pandemic negatively impacted Dam overall health of employees working at the Frontline workers in the Healthcare industry. The pandemic has created significant workforce concerns by stretching out the situations and developing the major criticality in providing the required level of care because the demand for healthcare providers become highly increased and the Healthcare Institutions only had 66% ability to meet the demands of Healthcare services during COVID-19 (KMPG, 2022). The ability to adapt new operating models within Healthcare Institutions and organisations has only 65% and there is a 62% ability of workforces to support their Wellness, the recruitment of new talent for meeting the demands in providing Healthcare during pendency was also a workforce concern during the situation because if the ability of industry was reduced to 58% (refer to image 1). The illustrated data demonstrate that there is significant importance and requirement of implementing new operating models and recruiting new talent in the Healthcare industry for addressing the crisis in the industry like covid-19.

According to the covid-19 report of KMPG (2022), 90% workforce in the Healthcare industry is stressed by the lingering effects of covid-19 on their personal and professional life. Mental and physical safety become a major threat to the Employees working in the Healthcare industry during covid-19 and it is required to carefully address the issues without encouraging associated problems. From the report, it is identified that 94% of the Healthcare workforce is suffering from stress due to decreased efficiency and well-being. About 78% of the population in the Oracle survey agreed that coronavirus has led 2020 the most stressed year. From the services, it is identified that 40% of individuals are making flawed decisions and 90% of individuals also concluded problems in personal life due to work-related stress. Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress has been increased by 50% 55% and 32% respectively. Not only working conditions but the payment system also negatively impacted the mental and psychological health of Healthcare workers as the remuneration was not justified.

The report of KMPG, 2020, Demonstrated that for meeting the requirement of current Health Care requirements post-covid-19, there are five areas of priority (refer to image 2) that are required to be addressed by Healthcare Institutions and organisations to address the posttraumatic impact of covid-19 on employees and the overall system. It is essential to improve the digital delivery of care for improving the harnessing of data and maintaining social distance. It is also important to improve the working systems within Healthcare Institutions to meet the staff’s Expectations and keep them motivated in high workload situations like coronavirus pandemic. The development of new care models will also support the people affected by covid-19 directly and indirectly. The implementation of operational resilience will manage the availability of resources and required materials that will help the caregivers to provide better care and safe route treatment among patients.

The result of the COVISTRESS International study conducted with the help of a disseminated online questionnaire for gathering stress-related and democratic data from different areas of the Globe during the pandemic demonstrated that HealthCare professionals and Frontline workers in the medical industry have encountered the most tragic and Critical situations during a covid-19 pandemic (Couarraze et al, 2021). It is identified that the Health Care providers experienced the highest stress level with approximately 57% in the whole cohort, 65% in medical doctors 73% in paramedical staff. The age of healthcare providers also played important role in the stress development during covid-19 as the increasing age of doctors or physicians tend to experience more stress than young age employees (refer to image 3).

The pandemic has resulted in great challenges for healthcare professionals as it created a variety of conditions and required to follow a wide range of necessary protocols for preventing the virus from spreading and dealing with the health care services effectively. The coronavirus pandemic has increased the pressure and stress on Healthcare Frontline workers resulting in several negative impacts on their mental, physical and psychological balance. The pulse survey was conducted by KMPG to identify the impact of covid-19 on the employees by involving 1,000 workers from the Healthcare industry. The survey resulted that about 59% of healthcare employees are facing worsening mental health conditions due to covid-19 stress (KMPG, 2020). It is identified from the survey that most Healthcare workers are engaged with their teams by 66% and their relationships also improved by being together for long hours and serving a common purpose. It is identified that more than 50% of employees in the Healthcare industry faced problems in maintaining their focus during the pandemic however their understanding of the organisational culture has been improved post-pandemic.

The covid-19 pandemic resulted in an unprecedented responsibility of managing a large number of patients on the accountability of caregivers (Laker, 2021). The situation of the pandemics has increased the stress level of caregivers and made them vulnerable to very distressing situations. According to the report of Deloitte (2020), the Frontline caregivers faced critical challenges due to the covid-19 pandemic as they were in direct contact with unseen threats to them like the chances of being infected by the virus, and fear of death, post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic burnout. The Frontline caregivers faced the most emotional causes during the pendency and it was associated with several key stresses in different forms.

For example, the Healthcare Frontline workers feel the stress of not being working in required areas and being part of non-hotspots. They find the situation guilt full for not being efficient in high volume areas and it also makes them frustrated and resulted in anxiety and disruption of routine. They also feel the key stress of fielding patients’ anxiety (refer to image 1). The employees working at a medium level of the virus spreading threat faced shared stressors including unavailability to a sufficient level of medical supplies and inappropriate access to that PPE equipment and testing, uncertainty about creating Nobel disease and no control of future surges of covid-19 and financial ramifications (refer to image 2). Frontline caregivers working in hotspot areas become stressed due to a higher risk of transmitting and contracting a virus, practising in outside expertise areas, pressure to manage coworker relationships, the emotional trauma of continuous guilt and grief, and fear to become contagious within the family, lack of sleep and personal stressors (refer to image 3).

Deloitte (2022), defined that the pandemic will create significant change in the Global working environment and it would become highly vulnerable to the Healthcare industry. By surveying healthcare organisations, it is identified that the clinical workforce cannot work from home during the pandemic situation as they are categorised as front line workers in the situation as they are in direct contact with the COVID-19 patients. The crisis leads Healthcare organisations to understand the requirements of the situation and their traditional methods of working and maintaining employee engagement. However, due to the highly contagious nature of viruses and lack of expertise and solutions to address the issue organisations failed in maintaining employee satisfaction and it caused major job burnout all around the world.

In addition, the report of the World Health Organisation (2020), illustrated the impact and attacks of covid-19 on the Frontline workers within the Health Care industry during the care procedure. The organisation raised the alarm regarding difficult situations that will have to face in the Global working environment due to total dependency on technology and the internet such as denial of services due to high demands and fewer resources, eviction from home, individual weaponization, psychological threat, obstructions, cyber-attacks, emotional exhaustion and major workload (refer to image 7). Furthermore, the global survey to identify the impacts of covid-19 on working women also demonstrated that about 82% of individuals face disrupted life and negative experiences due to the pandemic (refer to image 8). The survey also resulted that about 70% of women experienced major concern regarding their career growth and find Limited descriptions (WHO, 2020).

Discussion-

The context of this initiative is primarily concerned with worker burnout during the epidemic. The covid-19 epidemic had a devastating influence on worldwide human existence and caused considerable job burnout among healthcare staff or frontline workers (Dugani et al, 2018). The pandemic produced a highly critical scenario in which hospitals and healthcare institutions played the most significant role in controlling the spread of the virus and treating it as much as possible. Workplace burnout does not occur overnight. It gradually evolves in response to an individual's stress. Employee burnout has become critical for relevant institutions to handle because if not addressed, it can cause irreversible physical and emotional harm. This entire condition is extremely difficult to manage, and it will gradually erode the organization's values and structure, causing significant and long-term harm to people and enterprises (Caraus 2021). Work burnout may be caused by a variety of factors, including a lack of social support, a lack of justice, a lack of control at work, not being acknowledged for one's efforts, and so on.

The epidemic is the deadliest in human history. The prevalence of COVID-19 has influenced people's psychiatric disorders, particularly among healthcare personnel. A study article can assist to learn about the elements that contribute to healthcare personnel’s fatigue during the Covid-19 epidemic (Sofology, Efstratopoulou and Dunn, 2019). Covid-19 has caused mental and psychological issues in healthcare personnel. An individual might identify the significance of this study by learning about the burnout of healthcare professionals via literature publications. It has been discovered that healthcare staff are suffering from mental illnesses as a result of the Covid-19, which causes burnout (Baigent and Baigent, 2018). Job burnout is a sort of stress characterised by physical and mental tiredness, as well as a loss of personal identity and a sense of diminished success within a certain industry.

In the healthcare profession, specifically, the word burnout has been used to describe staff who are under a lot of pressure and are not given enough freedom. Job burnout has been recognised as a condition produced by working stress that has not been adequately controlled. The covid-19 epidemic has had a significant influence on the emotional and physical well-being of frontline employees, resulting in job burnout among healthcare staff. The study found that nurses and frontline employees are more vulnerable and exposed to job-related dangers, and they face significant mental and physical strain when managing job tasks during a pandemic (Jalili et al, 2021). The covid-19 produced a delicate scenario that resulted in job burnout among frontline personnel in the healthcare business.

Job burnout reduces job satisfaction among employees as a result of stressful staff encounters during a pandemic, and it also has significant negative consequences based on age and gender. Employee burnout has grown as a result of the coronavirus epidemic, and it also causes emotional tiredness, a lack of personal success, and personalization at the highest levels. During the pandemic, the most prevalent reasons that led to serious burnout among healthcare personnel were decreased personal achievement, depersonalization, and emotional weariness, with rates of 73.98 per cent, 56.59 per cent, and 50.57 per cent, respectively. According to the findings, persons working in high-infection regions and with coping strategies were the most vulnerable to job burnout. During the covid-19 epidemic, which resulted in substantial employee burnout in the industry, personnel working at a higher intensity and in a senior position faced increasing emotional weariness and lower personal success.

The cross-sectional study found that direct interaction of healthcare workers with coronavirus pandemic patients and the increased casualty of infected persons induced substantial sadness and raised stress levels, which promoted all dimensions of burnout. Burnout must be controlled and treated correctly within the global healthcare workforce by providing a comfortable and tranquil working environment (Duarte et al, 2020). Daily burnout is the result of a mix of unexpected psychological and unanticipated physical pressures that individuals endure while doing their job duties. Because of various circumstances. During covid-19, the front-line medical personnel experienced severe job burnout as a result of an increasing depressing working environment during the time that was connected with work-related aspects and other individual characteristics. Low well-being, as defined by depression, fear, worry, high levels of burnout, workload, and poor quality of life, is strongly connected with medical mistakes (Hall et al, 2016).

Medical error and patient safety have been related in studies to healthcare worker burnout, indicating the relevance of both aspects. It was discovered that when residents were at high risk of depression and burnout, they reported more medical mistakes in terms of patient safety and suffered alone from burnout and sadness. According to studies, physician distress has been connected to patient safety incidents such as medical mistakes. In the healthcare business, more than half of the workers felt burnout, and 45 per cent reported experiencing severe exhaustion, with a higher suicide incidence than the general population. Medical mistakes and job burnout are linked because the reasons that generate job errors can have a detrimental influence on the working environment, making conditions unpleasant and overburdened (Torlak et al, 2021). Disturbing working conditions caused by ineffective management inside the organisation lead to job discontent, which eventually leads to job burnout in the long run.

Medical mistakes also have a detrimental influence on the behaviour of personnel in the healthcare business, reducing collaboration and optimism amongst partnerships. Workplace bullying or bad treatment of employees one another is one of the several elements that negatively affect employee behaviour and contribute to job burnout. The negative environment affects the performance of health care personnel and leads to adequate patient treatment, which immediately reduces patient safety and their chances of recovery (Al Omar et al, 2019). Employee burnout is linked to medical mistakes because there is a significant interdependence between care efficiency and healthcare professionals' mental and physical wellness. According to the study, workplace bullying and harassment diminish patient safety at healthcare institutions because they have a detrimental impact on the performance of healthcare personnel.

Job burnout is not the consequence of a few unfavourable elements at work, but rather a long-term negative environment that includes a terrible team working atmosphere, poor working circumstances, an unsuitable work-life balance, and a lack of Management efficiency (Huang et al, 2020). These variables have an impact on the mental and physical well-being of Health Care workers, resulting in emotional tiredness and physical fatigue, which raises the likelihood of medical mistakes and dangers to patient safety. Workplace leadership in local hospitals has the greatest influence on healthcare job satisfaction and plays a moderating role in personnel and patient safety. According to the report, medical institutions must strengthen nurse leadership in the workplace to improve workplace empowerment and assist the workforce in providing excellent patient safety and care. Burnout among healthcare workers has grown as a result of the epidemic. It has affected their emotional, physical, and psychological health, resulting in burnout (Dinibutun 2020).

As a result of the elements that have heightened dread, despair, anxiety, and stress levels among employees, it has been determined that the pandemic has generated major issues for healthcare professionals. Long work hours, a heavy workload, a high-stress work environment, a lack of support, emotional strain from patient care, anxiety, and other variables are all connected with burnout among healthcare professionals. Physician burnout has been linked to stress, weariness, depression, poor patient care quality, and other negative outcomes. Employee wellbeing in the healthcare business should be evaluated to address safety concerns. During covid-19, there was a perceived role of organisational demand and related risks among employees, which led to a major trigger of emotional tiredness among frontline workers in the healthcare business, resulting in work-related stress and job burnout (Barello et al, 2021). The investigation found that personal resources, such as the process of using orientation by professionals for engaging patients, as well as the availability of essential resources and job demand, had an influence on the degree of mental stress and emotional tiredness among healthcare staff.

Several casualties and the rising prevalence of covid-19 have resulted in the worst psychological level, which is related to worry, dread, anguish, depersonalization, emotional weariness, and the prospect of death when treating patients. It was discovered that the emotional weariness of positions during the pandemic was moderate and that depersonalization and personal accomplishment levels were low, but that overall burnout was restricted (Dinibutun, 2020). However, the degrees of emotional tiredness varied between employees of young age (18-23) who actively participated in the pandemic response and non-active clinicians. Employees' pre-existing psychological disorders, as well as trauma produced by COVID-19-related conditions, were connected factors during the pandemic. Frontline workers must maintain a tight procedure of utilising PPE kits for 18-20 hours daily due to variables such as direct contact with patients and following protocol to minimise the spread of illness from one person to another.

According to many studies and polls, there is a moderate to a high level of burnout among healthcare personnel, which is especially severe in Intensive Care Units (Orrù et al, 2021). Insomnia, rage, melancholy, anxiety, irritability, and other symptoms of mental health problems contribute to worker burnout. It has been determined that it is critical to preserve the health of healthcare personnel to lower the risk of burnout by giving flexibility in their job duties. The epidemic produced a difficult working environment for frontline personnel, and the issues became more unpredictable and aggravating as time passed. Employees also lost their psychological equilibrium and found themselves in extremely unfavourable and distressing situations (Navarro Prados et al, 2022). The ongoing loss of life and the growth of the crisis also constituted a personal threat for frontline employees, making it impossible for them to communicate with their families after treating patients. Due to the seriousness of the situation, the pandemic also prevented health organisations from focusing on the health and safety of their personnel, as well as working on their job happiness.

Chapter 5: Conclusion

To conclude, the epidemic has caused a rise in physical and mental disease, which has resulted in greater job burnout among healthcare staff. It has been shown that there is a significant degree of job burnout among health care personnel, particularly in the emergency and isolation units. According to studies, the globe is witnessing an unanticipated global public health catastrophe with significant stress on the healthcare system as a result of the Covid-19. Anxiety, sadness, and sleep disorders have been observed among healthcare personnel affected by the epidemic. This study also emphasised the significance of analysing critical expectations that may assist organisations and institutions in controlling the job Burnout issue and reducing its chances within work processes including communication, interaction, and work-life balance.

The audience would gain knowledge of the topic of job burnout with the assistance of this study report. While reviewing the research publications, the elements that contribute to burnout among healthcare professionals have been highlighted in depth. The primary goal of this research study was to identify the idea of burnout and the factors that lead to a high level of burnout among frontline employees in Covid-19. Major causes of mental and physical sickness among healthcare personnel that induced job burnout during a pandemic have been identified. Work-related consequences have been found, such as poor care quality, work discontent, absenteeism, professional errors, and so on. Anxiety, loss of creativity, bad mood, exhaustion, feeling listless, and decreased performance and productivity are other variables that contribute to burnout.

Workload, task design, emotional demands, work environment & work equipment, career development, home-work interaction, organisational transformation, organisational culture & function, and so on are some of the psychological hazards identified in this research review. Increased stress on Frontline workers' mental health as a result of infectious illness or a coronavirus pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in their health and willpower, resulting in job burnout. The study found that the extent of employee burnout varied depending on work-related issues, personal characteristics, and gender, but it primarily and significantly affected employees in the Healthcare business. During pandemics, healthcare personnel were actively involved in the issue, and managing the epidemic and rescuing individuals produced a significant burden, exposing the workforce to a variety of psychosocial stressors.

It has been shown that the prevalence rate among frontline employees in the health business is exceptionally high owing to the direct relationship with psychological problems induced by the pandemic condition. The researcher discovered the significance of staff well-being and burnout with the help of this study, which may have had a key impact on patient safety. It has been determined that a multimodal strategy is required to deal with medical mistakes, which increases unit-level patient safety as well as physician burnout while increasing patient well-being. There is a link between several aspects that affect employees' performance and behaviour during their employment duration and the process possibilities of job burnout. Medical mistakes have a major detrimental influence on patients' health and pose a larger danger to their safety.

According to the study, strengthening the team working atmosphere, creating a better working environment, and fostering job satisfaction and a sense of safety among staff will lower the likelihood of medical mistakes and boost patient safety. Due to covid-19 impacts on job responsibilities and operations in the Healthcare business, societal limitations and high-level demands from frontline employees impose social and emotional pressure on Health Care professionals and undermine their psychological stability. Longer shift hours, increased pressure to save lives, no work-life balance, disrupted sleep and nutritional patterns, occupational hazards, increased vulnerability, and post-traumatic conditions such as depression, insomnia, and anxiety will all contribute to employee burnout during the coronavirus pandemic.

During the scenario, healthcare personnel had the greatest burnout rates of any industry in the world. According to this study, the idea of burnout among workers has risen, affecting both their mental and physical health. Secondary research is more effective and less time-consuming than primary data collecting since it gives a wide range of already accessible data from which researchers may quickly pick material relevant to their topic. Academic researchers favour the secondary technique of data collection because it delivers more trustworthy data and information validation since it is collected and analysed by experienced researchers and statisticians for a larger viewpoint. The user will gather and analyse non-numerical data using qualitative research analysis to comprehend views, experiences, and conceptions.

The qualitative research methodology is a subset of the secondary research method that focuses on data analysis from papers, artefacts, publications, and prior case studies. Inductive reasoning also assists researchers in recognising the various possible patterns identified as well as the contribution of each sector to the overall pattern. Inductive reasoning is regarded as a scientific approach that aids in the development and testing of hypotheses via the use of experiments. As a result, the qualitative research analysis strategy and accompanying procedures involve inductive reasoning for noticing and comprehending secondary source facts and data. Healthcare services during COVID-19, the ability to adapt new operating models within Healthcare Institutions and organisations have only 65 per cent and there is a 62 per cent ability of workforces to support their Wellness, the recruitment of new talent to meet the demands in providing Healthcare during the pandemic was also a workforce concern during the situation because the industry's ability was reduced to 58 per cent has been shown that 94 per cent of the healthcare personnel stressed as a result of decreasing efficiency and well-being.
According to the Oracle study, around 78 per cent of the people felt that coronavirus had made 2020 the most stressful year. It has been discovered that 40% of people make poor judgments, and 90% of people have issues in their personal lives as a result of work-related stress. The COVISTRESS International study, which used a widely disseminated online questionnaire to collect stress-related and participatory data from different parts of the world during the pandemic, found that health care professionals and emergency personnel in the medical industry faced the most tragic but also critical situations during a covid-19 pandemic. It was shown that health care personnel had the highest stress level, accounting for around 57 per cent of the whole cohort, 65 per cent of medical physicians, and 73 per cent of paramedical employees. KMPG performed a pulse survey with 1,000 employees from the Healthcare business to determine the influence of covid-19 on them. According to the study results, around 59 per cent of healthcare personnel are experiencing worsening mental health disorders as a result of covid-19 stress.

Frontline caregivers working in high-risk areas are stressed because of the increased risk of spreading and contracting a virus, the pressure to maintain co-workers’ relationships, the sentimental trauma of continuous guilt and grief, the fear of becoming contagious within the family, lack of sleep, and personal stressors. The issue forces healthcare organisations to reconsider their old working styles and offer to retain engagement. However, due to the extremely spreading nature of viruses and a lack of expertise and solutions to address the issue, organisations failed to sustain employee happiness, resulting in widespread work burnout. The World Health Organization demonstrated the impact and assaults of covid-19 on frontline personnel in the health care professionals during the treatment procedure.

The organisation issued a warning about difficult situations that will arise in the global working environment as a result of total reliance on technology and the internet, such as distributed denial of service due to high demands and scarce options, eviction from home, individual militarization, psychological threat, obstructions, computer hackers, emotional exhaustion, and heavy workload. The pandemic crisis has elevated caregivers' stress levels and put them prone to extremely stressful conditions. Frontline caregivers experienced crucial issues as a result of the covid-19 epidemic because they were in direct touch with invisible hazards like as viral infection, dread of mortality, post-traumatic stress disorder, and chronic exhaustion. During the pendency, frontline caregivers experienced the most emotional reasons, which were related to numerous major pressures in various ways.

According to the report, 66 per cent of healthcare employees are connected with their teams, and their relationships have strengthened as a result of working together for long hours for the same goal. It has been shown that more than half of employees in the Healthcare business struggled to retain their attention during the pandemic, but their grasp of the organisation’s behaviour has increased post-pandemic. It is critical to improving healthcare delivery to better utilise data while maintaining social distance. It is also critical to strengthen the working procedures inside healthcare institutions to the action signs of staff and keep them engaged in high-workload scenarios such as the coronavirus pandemic. The creation of new care models will also directly and indirectly, act on covid-19.

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