HM603 Hospitality Destination Planning and Management Assignment Sample

Introduction - HM603 Hospitality Destination Planning and Management Assignment

In UK, hospitality industry is making remarkable contribution in the economic growth and development. Hospitality management is highly associated with offering quality food and accommodation services to the users or guests. Within hospitality sector, manager plays a significant role in managing various departments such as housekeeping, reception and other operational activities. Moreover, in service industry employees are the one who create distinct image in the mind of customers by offering quality services in an innovative way. This essay is going to explain the policy approaches which contribute in the developmental aspect of tourist destination. It will also shed light on the significance of the holistic tourism while planning for the sustainable destinations. It also entails issues and challenges that associated with the holistic as well as sustainable tourism. This essay will also provide deeper insight about how tourism planning facilitates destination development or regeneration.

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MAIN BODY

Policy approaches guiding tourism development and rejuvenation

A national policy regarding tourism stresses on significance of the sector along with goals of tourism development. The UK has tourism planning framework which directs the coordinated development, administration and inspection of the tourism related operations in a region, making sure sustainable and advantageous growth. Policy approaches facilitates in streamlining the tourism planning, promote and support environmental sustainability and balance economic development with cultural protection.

The government of the United Kingdom highly focuses on environmentally friendly planning which aims to reduce waste, recycle and reuse materials to diminish the environmental impact. The government performs this through working towards removing the plastic waste by end of year 2042 (Gov.UK, 2023). London has been realised that environment and travel & tourism are connected so planning of eco-friendly tourism is necessary. London has implemented the sustainable approach to support and promote tourism. It pays more attention on local level and society development.

Community based tourism refers to the travel in which money earned by the tourism activities directly provides advantages to the entire community. Community based tourism contributes in the welfare of societies by supporting and promoting sustainable livings and preserving socio-cultural traditions (Priatmoko et al, 2021)). It offers a chance for the local people to earn money from tourism which contribute in the social development. Local community work collaboratively for regeneration of different tourists destinations of England, London etc.

Participation of stakeholders refers to the procedure of sharing common understanding and contribution in process of decision-making about any project. Tourism destination stakeholders can contribute in regeneration of famous tourist destinations. Stakeholder involvement leads to authorisation and joint ownership regarding project. The involvement of stakeholders can impact the sustainability of the hospitality business as they develop policies, rules and plans for the tourist destinations development.

However, the policies regarding tourism set by the UK government creates many challenges for the tourism organisations. It put pressure on the organisations to amend their existing business policies according to government policies which is time-consuming. It also forced the organisations to adopt ethical practices and become sustainable which is not possible for all tourism destinations.

Impact of holistic tourism on the long-term development

Holistic tourism means that a person or traveller can enjoy unique and complete experience that goes away from the simple interaction with people, places and cultures. Tourism is the vital sector and contributes highly in the country’s development particularly in the emerging countries. Tourism involves the lot of activities which increases the demand of for the different products and services and directly benefits to the growth of the economy. The impact of tourism on long-term development is explained below:

Importance of national and local development

Tourism planning is mainly considered with tourism policy, physical structures, tourism services and infrastructural plans. Holistic tourism pays attention on the self-transformation. This kind of tourism also focuses heavily on the national and local development which is the most important. Now, people are paying more attention on their enjoyment and leisure because of busy schedules and prefer travelling to reduce stress. They often choose the popular destinations like London for making vacation experience memorable. When people travel place to place then they spend more money on leisure and essential activities which in turn increases the national income. The money spend by the tourists is reinvested by the government into the development of the nation and local societies (Wijijayanti et al, 2020). Holistic tourism raises the economic activity, enhances demand for the goods & services, job opportunities and revenue as well. National development is making sure that the country grows in respect of per income capita as well as services such as health & social care, education etc. National and local development is possible by the tourism through making sure that each negative factor such as poverty, social issues and unemployment are reduced. It also helps in developing the underdeveloped areas and empowers the younger people as well as women.

Stakeholders refer to an independent party, group of people, an individual with a vested interest as well as stake in the decision-making procedure and activities of the firm, business or project. In other words, employees, shareholders, communities, governments, customers and suppliers are considered as the main stakeholders of any tourism organisation. It is important to involve all the stakeholders while making plans and strategies. They can help in making policies, rules and strategies to improve the travel & tourism. The insights and perspectives of the all stakeholders are considered as critical success factors for the long-term development of the tourism. Different stakeholders take high interest in the tourism activities and directly and indirectly involved in the sector (Shafieisabet and Haratifard, 2020). Employees who work in the tourism organisations offers range of services to the travellers so that they can travel without any difficulties. Customers which are known as tourists spend money on various activities and thereby increase the income sources within the destination. Investors or shareholders invest money for the development of the tourism destination. Stakeholder theory can be beneficial to the tourism business practices. Stakeholder Theory stresses on the interrelation among business organisations and its various stakeholders like employees, investors, customers etc. If a tourism organisation focuses on creating value for their stakeholders then it can be useful in the long-term growth of tourism.

Tourism is one of the key economic sector in all over the world and it is also considered as the third largest export industry which accounted for around 7% global business. Travel & tourism sector significantly contributes in UK economy and helps in driving the growth through generating revenue. Tourism provides many jobs in the different areas like travel agents, food and beverages, travel agencies, tour guides, accommodation etc. People can apply for job according to their skills and capabilities and earn money which is helpful to live life in better way. When people visit the popular tourism destinations then they book the hotel rooms which increases the overall sales and profitability aspect (Calero and Turner, 2020). Businesses pay taxes on time and government uses money earned by the taxes in renovating as well as improving the tourism attraction, places, national parks, cultural & arts amenities, accommodation services, transport networks and many more. Moreover, tourisms help the local businessmen to succeed in their life and contribute to development of country. The value of the tourism in London, Scotland and England is very high because people visit these places more frequently which results into high national income.

Tourism is considered as the crucial factor in the long-term development of the economy. However, different activities related to the tourism impact the economy negatively and create many problems for the economic growth. In terms of economic drawbacks, tourism can increase the cost of living for the local people which may create difficulties for the people. The main reason behind the increasing cost of living is high demand for the property, services and goods. When the value of the property and rent price goes up then it makes difficult for the local businesses to operate their business effectively (UN Tourism, 2024). The possibility of seasonal tourism especially when the attention for tourism is rural or natural can increase the job uncertainty along with the high unemployment rate during the off season. Furthermore, the infrastructure related with the tourism can be costly which impact the infrastructural development. It can reduce the number of tourists because of poor tourism destination infrastructure. The increment in the tourism activities can be beneficial and curse at the same time. Local businesses are highly dependent on the tourism and in off season, they face reduction in sales that impact their economic conditions. Sometimes, tourism organisations also do not pay the taxes on time because of this issue government is not able to develop the economy.

It is also seen that many tourism and travel destination because they failed to operate in sustainable and holistic manner. It increases the social issues which need to be considered by the tourism organisations. Tourism can lead to cultural as well as social disruption, especially in societies which are not well-prepared for the arrival of visitors. Due to the tourism, the traditional practices and customs are transformed in order to attract the tourists and to meet their expectations. This thing increased the living cost and creates problems for society to afford the fundamental necessities. There are several large tourism companies which avoid the health and wellbeing of local people and only makes focus on increasing the profit margins (Rahmafitria et al, 2021). Although, tourism promotes the mutual understanding and respect for different cultures by bringing people together who belong from the diverse backgrounds. However, sometimes, tourists do not respect the other culture which can create conflicts among people. In some areas, local people are started to protest against the tourists due to over tourism. It significantly influences the tourism businesses as well as societies.

Environmental concerns

In terms of tourism, an overcrowded, poorly planned and an uncontrolled tourist population has considerable adverse impacts on environment. Tourists use the natural resources such as; water and electricity in high manner and sometimes they misuse the natural resources. It increases the problem scarcity of natural resources which not only impact the environment and societies but also affects the future generation. Further, due to the regularly growing tourism transportation services also increased the different type of pollutions (air, noise and soil) and issues of climate change. People also do not focus on cleanliness and often through the reaming food products on parks and roads that increase the waste related problems (Ibnou-Laaroussi, Rjoub and Wong, 2020). It forced the tourism destinations to adopt the sustainable practices as well as approaches and identify ways to reduce the issues to protect environment and ecology.

Role of tourism planning in the development

Planning is an important procedure and plays the most valuable role within the tourism management. It refers to the procedure which aims to solve issues and accomplish efficient operation of the spatial system. Tourism planning contains monitoring tourism space as well as resources by using the scientific and coherent approaches. Tourism planning considers the economic, social, environmental and physical parameters. The details of tourism planning in different aspect are given below:

Physical regeneration in terms of tourism refers to the process of reducing negative effects and works in the direction of restoring and improving ecosystems in an active manner. This practice can include reforestation projects, environment restoration and many other initiatives which aim to enhance the overall health of environment and culture. The United Kingdom’s National Parks heavily concentrates on regenerative tourism and aim to be leaders. They want to manage the tourism activities in a way which will not help to minimise the environmental impact but also positively contributes to the UK’s National Parks (National Parks UK, 2024). Northumberland, Lake District, Cairngorms and Pembrokeshire are the some famous tourism destinations. Lots of tourists visit these places in excessive manner every year and contribute to the economic development of UK. Therefore, it is most crucial for UK to make focus on the regeneration of these national parks and destinations. TUI which is UK-based one of the largest travel organisations claimed that the firm was working towards making tourism more sustainable.

Although, the idea of regenerative tourism was came into light in the late of 1990’s. Recent growing interest in the regenerative tourism has been connected to the vulnerabilities as well as uncertainties within the sector caused by the pandemic. It is identified that the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic heavily impacts the tourism in all over the world. It put pressure on the different tourism destination such as; Durham, Glasgow, Windsor Castle and more to consider about the different new approaches to tourism. In this case, planning of tourism has encouraged the business practices, processes and tourism policies which protect and provide advantages to the cultural, scenic and natural assets. Planning regarding the regeneration of tourism places helps in retaining and improving the identity and uniqueness of the tourism destinations (Jones, 2024). Basically, physical regeneration achieves importance after pandemic. Farmers collaborate with the tourism authorities in restoring degraded lands as well as biodiversity through preventive livestock grazing and bring back wild animals.

Tourism and economic development are highly connected with each other. Tourism planning is vital element of each destination in order to achieve the best results and provide benefits to the all stakeholders. While making plans and strategies related to the tourism activities, tourism organisations need to ensure that it helps in developing the economy. Tourism activities provide lots of opportunities for the countries especially in the developing countries. It facilitates the economic growth by creating many job opportunities in the different areas of tourism sector. Many people can improve the quality of life by getting job in interested field and earning fair salaries. Tourism planning also provides strength to the local communities or economies because tourists spend their money to buy products and services. It also promotes and supports the local businesses in high manner. Although, tourism helps in economic growth but in off season it also reduces the income of local businesses which affect their lives.

Furthermore, tourism planning plays a significant role in the development of local infrastructure and can be helpful in protecting the natural environment, traditions and cultural values and beliefs (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2024). It provides the vast possibilities in eliminating the poverty, discrimination and inequality. During the pandemic, global tourism dropped drastically starting in year 2020. In short time, the operating ways of the sector and revenue level changed deeply. According to figures of United Nations, almost 100 million jobs were at high risk in the tourism industry. Though, tourism industry recovered from crises more quickly by an excellent planning if compare to other business sectors. The different tourist destinations such as; Canterbury, Edinburgh Castle, Belfast etc. have capabilities to bring more economy to the country constantly. It has been estimated that travel and tourism related activities contribute significantly to the UK economy. In year 2022, the GDP of the United Kingdom rose to approximately 237.1 billion British pounds (Statista Research Department, 2023). The spending on the leisure activities are slightly growing in the year of 2022 which seems good for the tourism industry. It is seen that government do not spend adequate amount of money on development of infrastructure because of political issues and corruption.

In the tourism planning of United Kingdom, there is a most critical problem which cannot be avoided; it is related to how to offer advantages to the society by tourism. Each and every tourist destination of Scotland, London etc. can act as means for addressing different social challenges, providing various advantages. One of the key social welfares which can be provided by the tourism to the community is job opportunities because more tourists visit different destinations (Han, 2021). It support and promote more employment in different area of tourism like tourist guides, travel agents, transportation, hotels and restaurants. Famous tourist destination increases the chances of employment rate which plays a most crucial role to reduce the poverty and unemployment rates. London is the world famous destination which easily convinces the people to visit London once. Though, there are few organisations who focuses on social issues rest only concentrates on their profits.

When many people visit the London then it increases the income of many local businesses because people spend their money on different activities. This helps in improving the conditions of the societies and improves the living standards of the people. An efficient planning of tourism can increase the expectations and requirements of the tourists that can lead in development of new businesses along with the commercial activities. It will help to construct more diverse economic base that will further facilitate local societies. Additionally, tourism planning assists in expanding the commercial as well as residential development through raising the demand related to housing and other facilities. The tourism industry of the England contributes around £106 billion to British GDP and supports approximately 2.6 million jobs (Visit Britain, 2024).

It is the most crucial to address the different benefits associated with the environment while creating an effective and exceptional tourism plan and it must be considered at primary level. If the tourism destination is popular then it has the abilities to grab the attention of more tourists which can impact the environment in negative manner. It is crucial to make different strategies in order to reduce the negative effect of tourism activities on environment and to create action plan to enhance cleanliness (NCBI, 2024). A tourism plan must be created to protect the natural attractions of the London and other destinations to uphold the quality. UK government is regularly checking the different pollution causing agents such as; waste management, air pollution, noise pollution etc. to prevent destination from pollution.

Furthermore, England has also announced the perseverance and pressure to be sustainable and eco-friendly. For example – Stonehenge which is ancient monument in England has been positioned in a way which no noise as well as air pollution come from vehicles that can damage the stones (Quinn, 2018). Government also show strictness towards the tourism destinations because they are highly responsible for increasing different environmental issues like deforestation, climate change, misuse of natural resources, pollutions and many more. All these problems negatively impact the environment, society and planet. Government put pressure on the tourism destinations to follow all rules and consider environment protection while making strategies. There are many legal rules and regulations developed by the government related to tourism planning. The major aim of rules and regulations is to balance, direct and protect development and restoration of various tourism destinations and scenic places in long-term. These rules are helpful to accomplish the healthy tourism destination regeneration and minimising negative impacts. Sometimes, tourism organisations avoid these legal rules while performing business operations which creates problems for society and environment.

CONCLUSION

As per above analysis, it is concluded that travel and tourism related activities highly beneficial for the community, economy and businesses. However, over tourism in famous tourist destinations such as; London, England etc. are creating many social, environmental and human challenges. So, in this case, regenerative tourism can be helpful for the tourism destination. Because of restoration and development of tourism destinations can be beneficial to achieve the sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism helps to develop communities, improve economic conditions and save environment. It is identified from essay that purpose behind regenerative tourism is to motivate the tourists to affect destinations positively. This essay has discussed that tourism is most valuable for the growth and development of country economy. Tourism has provided many job opportunities to the local potential people which further help to enhance their quality of life by earning sufficient money. This essay has explained that tourism plan needs to be developed to promote sustainable tourism. It is recommended to the tourism organisations to invest in renewable or green energy. It will be helpful to reduce the environmental impact along with the operational costs.

REFERENCES

Books and Journals

• Calero, C. and Turner, L.W., 2020. Regional economic development and tourism: A literature review to highlight future directions for regional tourism research.Tourism Economics,26(1), pp.3-26.
• Han, H., 2021. Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality: A review of theories, concepts, and latest research.Sustainable Consumer Behaviour and the Environment, pp.1-22.
• Ibnou-Laaroussi, S., Rjoub, H. and Wong, W.K., 2020. Sustainability of green tourism among international tourists and its influence on the achievement of green environment: Evidence from North Cyprus.Sustainability,12(14), p.5698.
• Priatmoko, S., and et al, 2021. Rethinking sustainable community-based tourism: a villager’s point of view and case study in Pampang Village, Indonesia.Sustainability,13(6), p.3245.
• Rahmafitria, F., and et al, 2021. Applying knowledge, social concern and perceived risk in planned behavior theory for tourism in the Covid-19 pandemic.Tourism Review,76(4), pp.809-828.
• Shafieisabet, N. and Haratifard, S., 2020. The empowerment of local tourism stakeholders and their perceived environmental effects for participation in sustainable development of tourism.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,45, pp.486-498.
• Wijijayanti, T., and et al, 2020. Rural tourism: A local economic development.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,14(1), pp.5-13.

Online

• Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2024. An opportunity for sustainable development. [Online] < https://www.bmz.de/en/issues/tourism#:~:text=It%20creates%20jobs%2C%20strengthens%20the,to%20reduce%20poverty%20and%20inequality > Accessed Date - 25/09/2024.
• Gov.UK, 2023. At a glance: summary of targets in our 25 year environment plan. [Online] < https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/25-year-environment-plan/25-year-environment-plan-our-targets-at-a-glance#:~:text=We%20will%20minimise%20waste%2C%20reuse,waste%20by%20end%20of%202042 > Accessed Date - 25/09/2024.
• Jones, P., (2024). Regenerative Tourism in the UK. [Online] < https://www.athensjournals.gr/tourism/2024-5905-AJT-Jones-03.pdf > Accessed Date - 25/09/2024.
• National Parks UK, 2024. Regenerative Tourism in UK National Parks. [Online] < https://www.nationalparks.uk/app/uploads/2024/08/Regenerative-Tourism-in-UK-National-Parks-FINAL.pdf > Accessed Date - 25/09/2024.
• NCBI, 2024. Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism. [Online] < https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9389488/ > Accessed Date - 26/09/2024.
• Quinn, P., 2018. What connects the ancient stone circle at Stonehenge with climate change, air pollution, transport policy and a strange rare pink algae? [Online] < https://friendsoftheearth.uk/climate/why-saving-stonehenge-environmental-issue > Accessed Date - 26/09/2024.
• Statista Research Department, 2023. Travel and tourism in the United Kingdom - statistics & facts. [Online] < https://www.statista.com/topics/3269/travel-and-tourism-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/#:~:text=Travel%20and%20tourism%20contribute%20significantly,estimated%20237.1%20billion%20British%20pounds > Accessed Date - 26/09/2024.
• UN Tourism, 2024. Secretary-General’s Policy Brief on Tourism and COVID-19. [Online] < https://www.unwto.org/tourism-and-covid-19-unprecedented-economic-impacts > Accessed Date - 26/09/2024.
• Visit Britain, 2024. The value of tourism in England. [Online] < https://www.visitbritain.org/research-insights/value-tourism-england#:~:text=England's%20tourism%20sector%20contributes%20%C2%A3,it%20supports%202.6%20million%20jobs > Accessed Date - 25/09/2024.

Author Bio

Cameron Lee   4 years | MSc in Management

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