HSC304 Person-Centred Care Assignment Sample

Introduction Of HSC304 Person-Centred Care Assignment

Health and social care (HSC) workers have wide range of professional attributes and values such as empathy, communication, flexibility, compassion, dignity, competence, confidence and trustworthiness etc. Having this attributes and values are beneficial for the workers because it helps in providing high-quality and better services and care to the patients that eventually positively influence on their overall health and well-being. Apart from this, the report will be based on person-centred care of NHS which is one of leading healthcare organization of the UK. This report will highlights the professional attributes and values of HSC workers, ethical issues include meeting care needs, legislation as well as policies that govern HSC practices.

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Task 1: Understand the professional values and attributes of a health and social care worker.

AC 1.1: Compare and contrast person-centred care with one other model of care delivery.

 HSC workers are implementing a wide range of models such as total patient care, person-centered care (PCC), team nursing, functional nursing, clinical pathways, etc., in order to deliver high-quality of care to the patients. Person-centered and total patient care are considered as significant models of care delivery but they are different from each other. PCC is considered as one of the significant model that encourages HSC workers to think about the way of carrying out the day-to-day tasks of the patients. The workers at NHS are also emphasis on implementing the PCC model because it assists the patients in getting better support for enhancing their health and well-being (Rosengren, Brannefors and Carlstrom, 2021) Additionally, adoption of this model is beneficial for healthcare organizations because it helps in improving quality of life, increase independence, enable better patient-provider relationships, better compliance, improve safety and work environment which ultimately positively impacts on the health of patients.

On the other hand, total patient care is another critical model of delivery care that includes one registered nurse (RN) to provide complete care to the patients at the time of their shifts. Total patient care is more beneficial model for NHS in comparison of PCC because it enables stronger patient-nurse relationships, continuity of care; reduce treatment time and holistic care. This model also facilitates high-degree of self-government, clear responsibilities and accountability as well as better care for patients (Giusti et al, 2020). PCC ensures physical safety and comfortability of the individuals. This model also helps in offering the emotion support to individuals and respecting the beliefs and values of others.

AC 1.2: Discuss how to promote equality and diversity when working with service users.

Promoting the diversity and equality in healthcare is important because it aids in enhancing and optimizing care delivery, reduction in care disparities and enhanced admittance to care. In the context of healthcare, equality helps in ensuring the every people has equal opportunities irrespective of their lifestyles, gender, financial status, competencies, power and authority. On the other hand, diversity aids in accepting and appreciating the distinction between people’s background, lifestyles, religion, culture etc. According to The Equality Act 2010, the HSC workers of NHS are accountable for eliminating the discriminations for the following characteristics such as age, sexual orientation, disability, etc. (Stanford, 2020). In addition, fostering the equality and diversity is beneficial for healthcare organizations because it facilitates better patient care, enhance results and addressing inequities.

For promoting the equality and diversity, the healthcare professionals can need to develop various policies related to it. The equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) policy includes obligations of healthcare workers in various areas such as training, recruitment, pay, etc. Along with this, the professionals need to emphasize of conducting the training and development sessions based on equality and diversity for their staff. Creating the inclusive environment is another way of promoting the diversity and equality when working with the service users (Wilbur et al, 2020). For this, the healthcare professionals can need to influence staff to treat every patient and their family members with care and respect irrespective of their culture, belief, background, etc. Apart from this, for fostering the equality, the healthcare professionals can need to follow all the rules and regulations of The Human Rights Act 1998. According to this act, all the healthcare professionals are accountable for treating their patients with fairness, equality, respect, dignity and autonomy.

AC 1.3: Define the personal attributes required in health and social care and how they inform practice.

 Healthcare is considered as one of the biggest sector of the UK and it is highly dependent upon its workers. For improving the health and well-being of the patients it is important for healthcare workers to have various personal attributes such as patience, communication, problem-solving, and negotiation and conflict management. Empathy and compassion is recognized as one of the critical attributes that is significant for the HSC workers. Additionally, workers with this attribute are including in caring for patients who are going throughout challenging health issues. Empathy and compassion attribute help the workers to treat the patients with respectfully and compassionately even they have minor health challenges (Moudatsou et al, 2020). Strong communication skill is another attribute that is essential for HSC workers. Having the effective communication skill is beneficial for healthcare workers because it aids in lower the risk of errors and misunderstanding in patient care. Communication skill makes easier for the workers to make sure that patients and their families are able to understand the instructions related to home care. Apart from this, strong problem solving skill is another attribute that is crucial for healthcare workers. Working in health care often includes make rapid decisions as circumstance change. With the help of this attribute, the healthcare workers of NHS to make the effective and fast decisions related to treatment of the patients. On the other hand, workers with patience are competent to manage the difficult circumstances and understanding the pace where patients are feeling comfortable. These personal attributes are informing practice in HSC workers by informing the message to the patients in proper way with the help of communication skills.

AC 1.4: Explain the concept of empathy with links to current theories.

 In the context of healthcare, empathy is defined as compassionate and respectful relationships among members, physicians and patients. Empathy in the healthcare is important because it aids in treatment compliance, enhance patient’s satisfaction and clinical results. With the help of empathy, the HSC workers are competent to understand the emotions and feelings of patients and their family members. In addition, the patients who feel heard and understood are more probable to practice self-care, follow treatment plans and have better clinical results. Patients who feel secure and comfortable are talking about their issues and requirements are more satisfied with their care and treatment (Morse et al, 1992). In addition, HSC workers of NHS who show empathy are experiencing less burnout and stress as well as more capable to provide better treatment to the patients in order to enhance their health and well-being. The empathetic workers are more closely work with the patients to create the better and effective treatment plans.

 To increase empathy, the healthcare workers of NHS are implementing various theories such as the theory of mind, Mirror Neuron theory, and perception-action hypothesis, empathizing-systemizing. Adoption of the theory of mind can be beneficial for the healthcare workers because it increases their competency to understand and interpret the mental and emotional states of their own and others (Nilsen et al, 2020). With the help of this theory, the HSC workers of the NHS can easily understand the issues of patients. On the other hand, social exchange is another important theory of empathy which is adopted by the healthcare professionals to maximize the positive outcomes.

Task 2: Explore the ethical issues involved when meeting care needs.

AC 2.1: Define ethics with particular reference to medical ethical principles.

Ethics refers to a principle and moral values which guide people to distinguish between wrong and impact decision-making. Ethics in the healthcare guides the work of professionals within the NHS. These considerations are significant elements of offering health care. This helps ensure practitioners treat patients with respect and dignity. Ethics assist in promoting confidence and trust in the healthcare system which ensures that healthcare staff act in the patients' best interests.

• Autonomy: This is a major principle in medicine which recognizes the rights of the patient to make decisions regarding their own health (Vallor, 2020). Respecting patient autonomy is the main principle of respect for their rights and dignity. This identifies that people have the right to make decisions regarding their health and well-being.
• Beneficence: This signifies as healthcare professionals are accountable for acting in the patient’s best interest. This entails enhancing the health and wellbeing such as offering treatments to relieve pain, enhance health as well as avoid injury. They offer equitable care for patients based on the requirements without any discrimination for all patients.
• Confidentiality: This preserves individuals' rights, prevents information misuse as well as protects autonomous decision-making by the patients. Unauthorized disclosures of data gained as a part of intimate relations are breaches of confidentiality.
• Nonmaleficence: This is the responsibility of the healthcare professionals not to harm the patient. This includes do not cause pain, do not kill, do not incapacitate, do not deprive as well as no offense.
• Duty of care: This is a legal duty to offer a reasonable standard of care to the patients which acts in a way to protect their safety. This is a person’s actions and failure to act in a way which might cause injury to another person.

AC 2.2: Identify the ethical issue(s) from the case study and discuss how these could be resolved.

Case study: A HIV positive patient asks the front desk manager at clinic to email his report to the Urologist. Manager was busy and sent the report to wrong email ID. Later, on checking the email, managers found that he has emailed the report to colleague of patient. In consequences, some of colleagues developed supportive relation and other started to avoid him.

The present case study emphasizes breaches of confidentiality as well as sharing data with the unauthorized parties that might have the potential to harm the patients' health. Unauthorized disclosure of confidentiality of HIV-related information can lead to social opprobrium. Internalized stigma might enhance the fear that the HIV diagnosis will be disclosed which raises the lack of acceptance. This can negatively influence the mental health of individuals living with HIV (Pietilä et al, 2020). Harmful medical errors can cause the considerable distress for the patients as well as their families.

However, to overcome this issue, the medical staff needs to apologize to patients because of errors. This includes recognizing the complications in the consent procedure. Apology stems from utilitarian motives which are crucial in enhancing patient safety as well as quality of care. The healthcare professional needs to obtain informed consent from the family members concerned. They should balance the risks of non-disclosure against the breach of confidentiality as well as take a specific decision. Patients should be told about the limitations of the treatment to safeguard the confidentiality in the specific situations and anticipate the concerns of a breach of confidentiality (Newman et al, 2021). Healthcare professionals' responsibility is to help the patients with emotional challenges as well as create the comforting bedside manner.

HIPAA must be applied to healthcare institutes and healthcare professionals who submit claims electronically. This rule permits disclosure of PHI without obtained consent for healthcare treatment, operations and payment. Security awareness training equips healthcare professionals with the required knowledge which is required for making the best decisions as well as using specific caution when handling patients' private data. A multifactor authentication approach must be incorporated to validate the information known only to the user like a PIN and something unique to the authorized user like a fingerprint, facial recognition as well as eye scanning.

Task 3: Understand the policies and legislation that govern health and social care practice.

AC 3.1: Discuss two pieces of legislation in relation to health and social care and how they impact upon delivery of care.

 To deliver the high-quality of care to the patients the healthcare organizations are implement wide range of legislations in related to HSC. The healthcare legislations are framed to foster the health and well-being of the individuals. The healthcare legislations are helps in monitoring care delivery, medication and encouraging the policies related to HSC. Additionally, The Care Act 2014, Equality Act 2010, Data Protection Act 2018 and Mental Health Act 2007 are essential legislations of the healthcare. 

The Care Act 2014 is considered as one of the significant healthcare legislation of the UK that is adopted by all the organizations to provide better care to the patients (Care Quality Comission, 2022). The key aims of this legislation are fostering independence, enhancing quality of care, making consistent care providing more information and advice to the people. In addition, this legislation holds the local authorities accountable for fulfilling the HSC needs of individuals and also ensuring their health and well-being. Furthermore, this legislation also directs regarding the growth and development of healthcare employees. This legislation has significant influence on the delivery of care because it enhance rights for carers, better support for individuals with learning disabilities, better safeguarding and continuity of care.

On the other hand, Equality Act 2010 is another legislation that is implementing by the healthcare companies in order to deliver quality of care to the patients. To promote the equality and dignity, NHS is also following all the rules and regulations of this legislation. According to this act, respect and dignity are fundamental rights of every patient. The key purpose of this legislation in the healthcare is to protect the individuals from the discrimination (ACAS, 2023). Adoption of this legislation is beneficial for the chosen organization because it helps in fostering the equality and diversity. Fostering the equality is beneficial for NHS because it aids improve patient care, better communication, reduce health disparities, improve problem-solving and empowered patients and healthcare professionals. 

AC 3.2: Analyse the roles of two agencies who provide guidance for safe and effective care delivery in the health and social care sector.

 Public Health England (PHE) and the Care Quality Commission (CQC) are major agencies which offer guidance for effective and safe care delivery in HSC. PHE is an administrative agency of department of HSC and it assist parliament, government and NHS by offering the scientific support and expertise. This agency is accountable for fostering healthier lifestyles; protect the health of public from hazards and preparing for unforeseen emergencies. In addition, PHE also aids in supporting NHS in the provision and planning of HSC services and sharing of information in order to enhance the health and well-being of the individuals. Furthermore, this agency is performing the roles of supporting the public health workforce, advocating for public health, offering impartial advice and working in partnership (Griffiths et al, 2021). This agency is the emphasis on enhancing and safeguarding the health and well-being of the people and reducing inequalities. PHE also helps in supporting the NHS and other local authorities to plan and provide HSC services. This agency collects, researches and evaluates the data to understand the public health issues.

On the other hand, CQC is another autonomous regulatory body that ensures whether individuals are getting effective health care services or not. The key purpose of this agency is to ensure the HSC services offering the people with effective, safe, high-quality care and compassionate to the people. This agency has numerous roles in order to deliver the high-quality and effective care to the people. Registration and regulations are considered as necessary roles of CQC (Miller, Glasby and Dickinson, 2021). This agency is registering all care providers encompassing GP practices in the UK. Moreover, this agency is also enforcing the inspection with the help of public ratings, inspections and other measures. The core values of this agency are excellence, caring, integrity and teamwork. CQC continuously assess the services to make sure whether healthcare organizations meet standards or not to provide effective care to the patients.

Conclusions

From the above it has been concluded that, to deliver high quality of care to the patients NHS can implement various models such as person centred care, functional nursing, total patient care etc. For fostering equality and diversity, NHS can need to emphasis on developing policy, provide training to staff and creating inclusive environment. Developing ethics in healthcare is beneficial because it helps in building trust and confidence as well as accountability and transparency with the patients. To deliver high quality care, the healthcare organizations are following the rules and regulations of various legislations such as The Care Act 2014 as well as Equality Act 2010.

Bibliography

Books and journals

• Giusti, A., Nkhoma, K., Petrus, R., Petersen, I., Gwyther, L., Farrant, L., Venkatapuram, S. and Harding, R., 2020. The empirical evidence underpinning the concept and practice of person-centred care for serious illness: a systematic review. BMJ global health, 5(12), p.e003330.
•  Griffiths, S.M., Jewell, T., Rae, M. and de Gruchy, J., 2021. The future of public health in England. bmj, 372.
• Miller, R., Glasby, J. and Dickinson, H., 2021. Integrated health and social care in England: ten years on. International journal of integrated care, 21(4).
• Morse, J.M., Anderson, G., Bottorff, J.L., Yonge, O., O'Brien, B., Solberg, S.M. and McIlveen, K.H., 1992. Exploring empathy: a conceptual fit for nursing practice?. Image: The journal of nursing scholarship, 24(4), pp.273-280
• Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A. and Koukouli, S., 2020, January. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. In Healthcare (Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 26). MDPI.
• Newman, P.A., Guta, A. and Black, T., 2021. Ethical considerations for qualitative research methods during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations: Navigating the virtual field. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, p.16094069211047823.
• Nilsen, P., Seing, I., Ericsson, C., Birken, S.A. and Schildmeijer, K., 2020. Characteristics of successful changes in health care organizations: an interview study with physicians, registered nurses and assistant nurses. BMC health services research, 20, pp.1-8.
• Pietilä, A.M., Nurmi, S.M., Halkoaho, A. and Kyngäs, H., 2020. Qualitative research: Ethical considerations. The application of content analysis in nursing science research, pp.49-69.
• Rosengren, K., Brannefors, P. and Carlstrom, E., 2021. Adoption of the concept of person-centred care into discourse in Europe: a systematic literature review. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 35(9), pp.265-280.
• Stanford, F.C., 2020. The importance of diversity and inclusion in the healthcare workforce. Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(3), pp.247-249.
• Vallor, S., 2020. Carebots and caregivers: Sustaining the ethical ideal of care in the twenty-first century. In Machine ethics and robot ethics (pp. 137-154). Routledge.
• Wilbur, K., Snyder, C., Essary, A.C., Reddy, S., Will, K.K. and Saxon, M., 2020. Developing workforce diversity in the health professions: a social justice perspective. Health Professions Education, 6(2), pp.222-229.

Online

• ACAS, 2023. Equality Act 2010. Online. <https://www.acas.org.uk/discrimination-and-the-law>
• Care Quality Commission, 2022. The Care Act. Online. <https://www.cqc.org.uk/guidance-providers/adult-social-care/care-act-easements-it#:~:text=The%20Care%20Act%202014%20is,the%20impact%20of%20their%20needs>.

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