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Introduction of Abuse and Stigma in Care Homes Assignment
Research Paper 1
“The sound of silence: evidence of the continuing under-reporting of abuse in care homes “
Main findings
Care homes giving shelter to patients with chronic illness and old age people are filled with the incidence of abuse, both physical and mental. A questionnaire was prepared and sent to newly recruited staff in 11 new care homes. According to Moore (2019), A total of 391 responses were recorded, among which 285 were responses that gave insight into abuse in care homes. A total of 72.9% of respondents reported abuse in care homes. 74% of Respondents also reported that incidents of abuse were reported to the management, like the proprietor or manager; however, 30.5% of the respondents said that the abuse incidents were not reported. Some respondents (22.8%) have also said that the proprietor or the care manager did not take action, and 76.8% of respondents concluded that the actions were taken after reporting the incidence of abuse in these care homes. The respondents have also stated that these abuses were reported to external agencies like local law enforcement agencies; however, in some instances, the proprietor and care managers concealed the reports of abuse to the external agencies and did not take any action and sometimes justified the inaction.
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Research Approach
The research method undertaken while conducting this research is based on the primary quantitative method. This research method is based on collecting information and data. The collected information and data are analyzed to conclude. The primary quantitative research method can be conducted by asking questions and surveys. This research method depends upon the data and information collected in real-world scenarios and is not based upon information already present in journals and literature. The research has been conducted by questioning newly recruited staff in newly opened care homes. These questions were based on the report of abuses in the care homes and taking action on these abuses by the proprietor and care manager. Questions were also asked about the involvement of external agencies in controlling abuses in care homes. The approach conducted to undertake this research is an inductive approach. This approach has been considered while conducting the research to interpret and analyze the data collected after asking questions. The selected approach helps conduct helpful for gathering information on the reporting of abuses conducted in the care homes.
Research Implication
The implication of this research is under-reporting or non-reporting of abuses conducted in care homes. The reported abuse in care homes is prevalent and needs to be reduced. The caregivers are involved in this abuse, and sometimes no action is taken against these abuses even when these cases are reported. According to Parker (2021), older people in care homes often face physical and mental abuses. The abuses conducted in care homes are reported to the management authorities who implement punishment to culprits; however, in some instances, the authorities cannot take any action due to many factors. The caregivers who face these abuse cases are often unable to report these cases to external authorities due to many factors, most important of which is losing jobs. The managers and proprietors often stay silent about the abuses and give the context of different methods to tackle patients living in care homes and taking care of them. The research gives an insight into the affected individuals due to abuses conducted by the caregivers in these care homes. The abuse by these caregivers often leads to serious implications like death.
Impact of research in health and social care practice
Abuse has been prevalent in care homes and conducted by caregivers on the pretext of taking care of patients. According to Yon (2019), These abuses are often not reported to the management of the care homes. Even when reported, the management cannot take action on those who are culprits and implicated. The abuse in care homes needs to be stopped, and authorities and organizations must undertake several laws. Gardner et al. (2020) opined that non-governmental organizations and healthcare regulatory authorities had undertaken many laws to control abuses in the care homes of old age people. Older adults are more prone to abuses conducted by caregivers, and thus, special needs should be taken while providing them care. The reporting of abuse needs to be undertaken by every individual involved with these care homes to install justice while treating and caring for the ones who need it the most.
Research Paper 2
“The Impact of Stigma in Healthcare on People Living with Chronic Illnesses”
Main findings
People suffering from chronic diseases are often stigmatized in the healthcare system. The stigma is due to many factors, among which internalized stigma is important. As stated by Earnshaw and Quinn (2012), individuals often do not report their illnesses to healthcare providers. These people often think their chronic diseases are not curable, so it is no use to report and take advice from doctors. People living with chronic disease often feel guilt and hence are internally stigmatized. Experienced stigmatized occurs due to behavior from other individuals in healthcare sectors due to chronic diseases and their effects. This behavior can be discrimination and stereotyping. The primary finding of the given article is that investigate number of respondent are involved in the care home provide quality care to the patients. Additionally he article focused on how the participants work, how they maintain awareness while working in external authorities. Anticipated stigma is the extent to which people expect to experience stereotyping and discrimination in future. The research has been conducted on people who have HIV/AIDS.
Research Approach
The research has been conducted to reduce the extent of stereotyping in healthcare sectors and individuals experiencing it. While conducting this research, internalized, experienced and anticipated different types of stigma have been identified. The internalized stigma is prevalent in individuals suffering from chronic illness, HIV/AIDS. Experienced stigma is the experience faced by individuals from other individuals and people from the healthcare sector. Anticipated stigma is the extent to which individuals expect to face stigma in future. The anticipated stigma is most important to be addressed as people suffering from chronic illness need to open up about their problems to doctors and healthcare providers. The author develops set of questioners and data were collected in both qualitative and quantitative way. Data were collected only from the participants who were agreed and worked in 11 newly open home care regulated by different authority. The research has been done to find reasons for the stigma in people suffering from chronic illness.
Research Implication
The implication of this research has been the effect of stigma on individuals suffering from chronic illness. Chronic illness-affected individuals are often uncomfortable discussing their disease, mainly due to stigma. The stigmas identified while conducting this research are experienced, internalized, and anticipated. These types of stigmas have been prevalent in individuals who are suffering from chronic diseases. As stated by Song et al. (2018), The prevalence of these stigmas often stops this individual from reporting their illness to healthcare providers and doctors. The importance of stigma needs to be addressed, and this research has been conducted to understand the level of prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination faced internally and externally. The prevalence of stigma can be overcome with the active participation of doctors, healthcare providers and individuals suffering from chronic illness.
Impact of research on health and social care practice
Identifying stigma has been important to address for treating chronic illnesses suffered by individuals. The different stigmas, internalized, experienced, and anticipated, have been identified from the perspective of HIV/AIDS patients. The stigma needs to be addressed to involve individuals in healthcare settings, as it is important for treating their diseases. Due to internalised stigma, individuals with chronic diseases think that their diseases are incurable. These individuals need to be advised that the diseases are treatable and controllable. Active participation of doctors and individuals is required to overcome the different types of stigmas these individuals face. According to Fischer et al. (2019), the most important is eradicating stereotypes and discrimination undertaken by doctors in healthcare settings. The need to prevent anticipated stigma has become important to involve individuals with chronic illness.
Research Paper 3
“Keeping control: Exploring mental health service user perspectives on targeted violence and abuse in the context of adult safeguarding,”
Main Research findings
The main findings of this research article s based on the mental health of the service users. Their perspectives on adult safeguarding and being a target of abuse and violence are seen. The findings showed that the adults or the service users felt unsafe in all types of settings and environments around them as according to them they are living a life full of abusive fears (NIHR, 2019). The exploration of the mental health of such users is interviewed across common areas. They complained of negligence towards their mental health by the company as the organisation is not taking any steps to provide these staff with the right environment to work. As a result, they are becoming the target of abuse and violence.
The findings of this research show that the staffs are reporting disempowered feelings; they also stated that they are fearful of taking any new responsibility or duty. The lack of confidence in the offers is seen due to the negative impact on their mental health (NIHR, 2019). The analysis of the research paper also provided evidence for providing protection and prevention for the service user. The safety planning and outcome that safeguard these adults in the colony are required in the care planning of such users. The findings from the primary research article also report the need for safeguarding practices for users to improve their mental health. The major users who are interviewed in this paper are women. These women who are the staff of the company face abusive fear and are a target of violence as per the analysis.
Research Approach
The research approach in the primary article followed interconnected streams of work that included different methodologies. Especially the primary research focuses in the form of an interview. The interview is in the form of user-controlled along with self-selecting the service users based on their experience in terms of violence and their mental health conditions. Another interconnected methodology that is being focused on in the research approach is practitioner-led safeguarding for adults facing abuse and violence (Carr, et al. 2019). The stakeholders for the practitioners in terms of mental health exploration for the service users focus on a group of service users that is preliminary to women. The interviews are taken to extract the findings and evaluate them accordingly based on their response.
The implication of the Research Approach
The implications that can be taken into action as per the findings of this research are a few policies. The implementation of such rules and regulations in the organisation can impact improving the work culture (Faulkner et al. 2021). The survival strategies in an organisation with positive perseverance and resourcefulness can help the staff and drive users to come out from their fear and live and work with a healthy and optimistic mindset. “The Care Act 2014, Safeguarding adults" is a policy made by the government to support the employees and staff in a company who are suffering from mental abuse or are the target of violence in a company. Women especially are facing such trouble and challenges which are implicated by applying this policy in the company. This act prevents the users from getting harmed by others and reduces the risk and negligence of such users from abuse and violence. The responses to safeguard the mental health of the users are practised to avoid discrimination based on sexism, racism, homophobia, caste, creed, gender or even disability. The therapist, advocates and other user-led organisations implicate the betterment of such a scenario where the staffs are living in fear of violence and abuse.
Utilising the research in Health and Social Care:
The utilisation of policies that are mentioned above can be utilised to enhance health and social care. The discrimination is seen mainly towards the women who face terror and fear of violence and abuse. (Sorrentino et al. 2021).The strategies and techniques like taking the users to counsellors and psychologists can help in enhancing their mental health. The decision made in the social environment in grains the way of working in a less challenging way (Carr et al. 2019). "The Care Act 2014, Safeguarding adults" is a policy that prevents users from getting harmed by others and reduces the risk and negligence of such users from abuse and violence. And this improves health care and social care.
Reference
Given article
Research paper 1: Moore, S., 2019. The sound of silence: evidence of the continuing under reporting of abuse in care homes. The Journal of Adult Protection.
Research paper 2: Earnshaw, V.A. and Quinn, D.M., 2012. The impact of stigma in healthcare on people living with chronic illnesses. Journal of health psychology, 17(2), pp.157-168.
Research paper 3: NIHR, (2019), Keeping control: Exploring mental health service user perspectives on targeted violence and abuse in the context of adult safeguarding, Available at: https://www.sscr.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/RF87.pdf [accessed on 08.10.2022]
Others
Carr, S., Faulkner, A., Hafford-Letchfield, T., Megele, C., Gould, D., Khisa, C., Cohen, R. and Holley, J., 2019. Keeping Control: Exploring Mental Health Service User Perspectives on Targeted Violence and Hostility in the Context of Adult Safeguarding.
Faulkner, A., Carr, S., Gould, D., Khisa, C., Hafford?Letchfield, T., Cohen, R., Megele, C. and Holley, J., 2021. ‘Dignity and respect’: An example of service user leadership and co?production in mental health research. Health Expectations, 24, pp.10-19.
Fischer, L.S., Mansergh, G., Lynch, J. and Santibanez, S., 2019. Addressing disease-related stigma during infectious disease outbreaks. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 13(5-6), pp.989-994.
Gardner, W., States, D. and Bagley, N., 2020. The coronavirus and the risks to the elderly in long-term care. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 32(4-5), pp.310-315.
Parker, J., 2021. Structural discrimination and abuse: COVID-19 and people in care homes in England and Wales. The Journal of Adult Protection.
Song, J., Mailick, M.R. and Greenberg, J.S., 2018. Health of parents of individuals with developmental disorders or mental health problems: Impacts of stigma. Social science & medicine, 217, pp.152-158.
Sorrentino, A.E., Iverson, K.M., Tuepker, A., True, G., Cusack, M., Newell, S. and Dichter, M.E., 2021. Mental health care in the context of intimate partner violence: Survivor perspectives. Psychological services, 18(4), p.512.
Yon, Y., Ramiro-Gonzalez, M., Mikton, C.R., Huber, M. and Sethi, D., 2019. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of public health, 29(1), pp.58-67.
