Blockchain And Fintech Applications Case Study Sample

Introduction To Blockchain And Fintech Applications: Opportunity Analysis Case Study

This report is going to identify a real life business problem that can be solved with the help of Fintech or Blockchain Application. Walmart Inc. therefore has been taken into consideration to analyse this study. Walmart is a corporation that exemplifies the power of innovation, resilience, and putting the consumer first. It has a long and colourful history that has enhanced the lives of millions of consumers. The corporation has made considerable expenditures in the areas of technology, logistics, and management of supply chains. Integrity, respect, and quality are the three pillars upon which Walmart is founded. As it looks to the future, the organisation is well-positioned to take on new challenges and possibilities, led by the timeless ideals that have characterised its heritage over the last six decades.

A. Introductory Section

i. Introduction of Walmart Inc.

As stated by Bock, Wolter and Ferrell (2020), walmart is a worldwide retail company that was established in 1962 and is now influencing the landscape of consumer commerce all over the world. Bentonville, a very tiny town, was the location where the firm was first established. Since then, it has grown into a vast network that includes hypermarkets, cheap department shops, and food channels. Walmart has made it a priority to provide its consumers with products and services that are within their price range. In the retail industry, innovative methods have brought about transformation. The beginning of Walmart's rise to popularity was marked by a goal that was both straightforward and profound: to provide customers from all walks of life with regular cheap prices that connect with them. The company's success has been propelled by this philosophy, which has resulted in millions of people visiting its shops on a daily basis (Corporate.walmart, 2024).

Walmart is a shining example of economic success andbecause it goes much beyond the field of retail, the organisation makes contributions to the economy of the surrounding areas, supports philanthropic activities, and encourages environmentally responsible actions. It upholds a worldwide philosophy that prioritises accessibility, affordability, and inclusion. Walmart is able to satisfy the varied requirements and desires of its enormous client base by providing a diversified selection of products, ranging from fundamental necessities for the home to cutting-edge consumer electronics. The fact that Walmart continues to innovate and adapt to the constantly shifting retail market is a demonstration of the company's continuous dedication to ensuring the delight of its customers (Benotsmane, 2019).

ii. Diagnose the Business problem of Walmart Inc.

Importance of supply chain management for Walmart Success

As stated by Chen, Xie and Hwang (2020), a well-run supply chain makes it easy for goods to get from suppliers to stores. Walmart's ability to offer cheap solutions to customers depends on its supply chain. Walmart is very good at running its business because it can keep track of its inventory levels. Walmart tries to keep the right amount of stock on hand by always having the items that customers want. Some of the things that are involved are guessing what customers will want, looking at past sales data, and working with suppliers to plan for and fill orders. A systematic system for managing inventory can help cut down on unnecessary stock and keep you from running out of items. Walmart's distribution channels make its supply chain even more efficient.

Zheng et al. (2018) stated that there are Walmart distribution centres all over the world. Walmart plans how goods will move by using transportation management systems. One of the creative things the company does is cross-docking, which means moving goods directly from vehicles coming into vehicles going out without having to store them in warehouses. Walmart's supply chain skills are built around the ability to coordinate deliveries. Its network of suppliers needs to be able to talk to each other and work together well for operations to run smoothly. Walmart can see their inventory levels, order statuses, and delivery schedules in real-time (Go, Kang and Suh, 2020).

This lets them spot and fix problems quickly, reduce the chance of delays, and make sure customers' orders are filled on time. Because of these approaches, it is able to meet customer needs well. Walmart cuts costs by planning deliveries carefully and making the most of all the channels of distribution. Walmart's focus on supply chain excellence lets the company respond quickly to changing customer tastes and market conditions, which keeps the company relevant and keeps customers happy.

Industry Analysis

According to Huang, Rust and Maksimovic (2019), a big part of Walmart's success is making sure that goods go from suppliers to stores without any problems. Walmart's ability to stay ahead of the competition and offer customers low-cost options depends on its supply chain. Walmart's business model is based on keeping track of inventory levels. Walmart works with its suppliers, predicts what customers will want, and looks at sales data to make sure its shelves are always stocked. Reducing excess inventory, space utilisation and carrying costs can be accomplished. The maximisation of distribution channels enhances Walmart's supply chain efficiency. Walmart has a network of distribution centres around the world.

It is able to plan the movement of goods with precision thanks to advanced transportation management systems. Innovative techniques improve the distribution process. Coordination of deliveries is a part of Walmart's supply chain management strategy. Walmart has real-time visibility into inventory levels, order statuses, and delivery schedules that allow it to identify and address disruptions. Communication and collaboration between suppliers, distributors, and logistics partners facilitate seamless operations. Walmart can meet customer demands while saving money (Ivanov and Webster, 2019).

Walmart improves operational efficiency and competitiveness by maintaining optimal inventory levels, coordinating deliveries with precision and maximising distribution channels. Walmart's financial performance and satisfaction with customers can be affected by supply chain inefficiencies. As stated by Lu (2019), it emphasises the importance of enhancing its supply chain management processes. Walmart aims to ensure that operational efficiency and customer satisfaction remain paramount by investing in technology, innovation and strategic partnerships. Walmart solidified its position as a retail leader, delivering value to customers and driving sustainable growth by continually refining its supply chain management practices.

Current Supply Chain Management Practices at Walmart

Walmart's supply chain processes have limitations in transparency, efficiency and security. Product tracking, supplier performance monitoring, and fraud detection are some of the difficulties found in Walmart's supply chain. The company's reliance on manual procedures makes it difficult to respond to market fluctuations and customer demands. Walmart must explore blockchain to overcome the obstacles. Blockchain technology could change Walmart's supply chain management practices. Every transaction in a blockchain is recorded in a ledger accessible to all authorised participants (Loureiro, Guerreiro and Tussyadiah, 2021).

As per Liu et al. (2020), by using this openness, which makes it possible to monitor items in real time, Walmart is able to improve its inventory management and reduce operational risks significantly. Blockchain technology makes use of smart contracts to simplify and expedite procedures. The use of self-executing agreements helps to decrease the amount of manual intervention that is required. The blockchain's design guarantees the confidentiality and authenticity of the data it stores.

Iansiti and Lakhani (2017) opined that blockchain technology has the potential to be used in order to improve the supply chain. Embracing innovation and establishing new norms for efficiency, openness, and customer pleasure are two of the ways that Walmart has strengthened its position as a pioneer in the retail business. Through the deliberate use of blockchain technology, Walmart has the potential to become a pioneer in the field of supply chain management in the future. The use of blockchain technology by Walmart can solve a number of the problems that are inherent in the company's supply chain and logistics procedures (Lockey et al., 2021).

By using a blockchain, Walmart's supply chain processes have the potential to become more efficient. Blockchain technology is being adopted by Walmart, which demonstrates the company's readiness to invest in technologies that will produce long-term value and competitiveness.

B. Outline and Discussion of Proposed Business Solution

i. Outline of the proposed application using blockchain technology

Blockchain technology has the potential to transform supply chain management for Walmart by offering a secure, transparent and efficient platform for tracking and managing products from source to shelf. The integration of blockchain into Walmart's existing supply chain management system will allow suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers to access real-time data on the status and location of products. Walmart's supply chain management system can be integrated with blockchain technology. Stakeholders have a record of their transactions, which enhances transparency. There is accurate and up-to-date information available to all parties about where their products come from, how they move, and how real they are (Dinh et al., 2018).

According to Lee (2020), using the chain's ledger, Walmart can quickly see how products got from where they were made to the store shelves. Cryptocurrencies could be used for network transactions. Utilising cryptocurrencies, Walmart can lower transaction costs and boost efficiency. Cryptocurrencies can be used to make local transactions. Paying directly lowers the chance of a payment dispute. Incorporating blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies into Walmart's supply chain management system is a big step toward making the chain more efficient, open, and safe. Walmart can make its supply chain more flexible by using blockchains and cryptocurrencies. Beyond making operations more efficient, the new approach also strengthens relationships with suppliers, cuts costs, and makes the customer experience better (Wątorek et al., 2021).

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ii. Potential benefits of implementing blockchain in Walmart's supply chain management

Transparency and traceability

The way Walmart runs its supply chain could make things more open and accountable. Once a product is made, blockchain technology lets you keep track of it all the way to its final sale. Through the supply chain, people can learn about where goods come from, how good they are, and even if they are real. Another thing they can do is watch how the goods move along the chain. If you can check to see where things come from, how well they're made, and if they are authentic, you can lower your risks (Magrani, 2019).

Problems like product tampering, theft, or mislabeling are easier to find and fix when there is a safe and transparent record of each product's journey on the blockchain. As per Mhlanga (2021), walmart can use blockchain's master record that can't be changed to make sure that its products are natural. Things could work better with blockchain tech. Blockchain uses smart contracts to cut down on the need for human help and wait times. Getting things done faster and better saves money. Blockchain technology can be used to make suppliers more accountable and visible, which can lead to better relationships with them.

More openness will help suppliers understand and fix issues that come up when they are managing inventory, planning production, and fulfilling orders. Working together more between Walmart and its suppliers can make the supply chain run more smoothly. Using blockchain technology to manage Walmart's supply chain has a lot of benefits. Using blockchain to track products from the source to the shelf can help Walmart build trust among all of its stakeholders. Blockchain technology could make operations more efficient, cut costs, and make it easier for suppliers to work together, which would make Walmart's supply chain more efficient overall (Prentice, Lopes and Wang, 2020).

Efficiency and cost savings

Streamlined inventory management: As per Pasquale (2020), blockchain technology has resulted in streamlined inventory management at Walmart. Blockchain can be integrated into Walmart's systems to automate inventory tracking. The Internet of Things and smart contracts can be used to keep track of and restock inventory automatically. Sensors are built into warehouses, distribution centres, and store shelves so that they can always keep an eye on how goods are moving. When the stock of a particular item reaches a preset threshold, the intelligent contract embedded in the blockchain automatically rearranges the product before it runs out.

The proactive approach to inventory management reduces instances of stockouts and improves customer satisfaction by reducing the need for manual intervention. Blockchain-enabled inventory management could change the operations of Walmart's supply chain. Blockchain technology provides a transparent and immutable record of inventory transactions, which enhances visibility and accountability. The blockchain gives people real-time access to all the goods that are moving around. Accountability can help make sure that data about inventory is correct and complete. Bitcoin's blockchain-based inventory management lets Walmart keep more items in stock. Giving the business a clear picture of its stock can assist it in choosing how to distribute and restock items using data (Shi et al., 2020).

In order to make sure that products are available when and where they are needed most, Walmart is better able to respond to changes in the market, seasonal patterns, and customer demand. Walmart cuts down on overstocking by using blockchain to manage its inventory.

According to Samala et al. (2020), implementing blockchain for inventory management can enhance the collaboration between suppliers. Allowing Walmart's suppliers to see real-time data about its stock levels and demand predictions can help build trust and openness. There may be shorter lead times, better order fulfilment, and better supply chain performance as a result.

Managing Walmart's supply chain uses blockchain technology. It's helpful in many ways, like making it easier to keep track of inventory, imparting more details, and facilitating teamwork. When Walmart uses a blockchain, it cuts down on the amount of work that needs to be done by hand and on stock-outs. This can help improve both customer satisfaction and the efficiency of operations. As Walmart continues to come up with new ideas, blockchain technology is likely to be a big part of its future growth and success (Schneider, 2019).

Faster payment processing: Supply chain management at Walmart can use blockchain technology to speed up the payment process. Multiple agents are often used in payment systems, which makes transaction times longer and processing fees higher. Walmart can use payment networks based on blockchain to cut down on transaction times. With cryptocurrencies, transactions can be confirmed very quickly. Digital currencies have made it possible for Walmart to pay its suppliers right away. Walmart can get better payment terms because the payment process is faster (Wątorek et al., 2021).

According to Zhang and Dafoe (2019), the blockchain keeps track of payments and makes it easy for the company to check them. This opens up Walmart's operations and makes it easier for them to follow the rules set by regulators. Adding blockchain technology to Walmart's supply chain management system will significantly change how payments are processed, which will benefit both Walmart and its stakeholders. Walmart can use payment networks based on blockchain to make transactions faster and cheaper. Walmart could benefit from using payment systems that are powered by blockchain. Walmart is a leader in new ways of managing its supply chain because it can settle payments quickly and handle financial transactions in a way that is more open and safe. Blockchain technology helps both Walmart and its suppliers (Ahram et al., 2017).

As per Liu et al. (2020), the trust and openness that come with blockchain-based payment systems help people trust each other and build stronger relationships. Blockchain technology has been added to Walmart's supply chain management system, which is good in many ways. Walmart can speed up payments, cut costs, make things more transparent, and strengthen relationships with suppliers and partners by using cryptocurrencies and payment networks based on blockchains. As Walmart continues to improve and innovate its supply chain operations, blockchain technology is set to play a vital role in making the retail industry more efficient, open, and competitive.

Minimised paperwork and manual reconciliation: According to Samala et al. (2020), adding blockchain technology to Walmart's supply chain management could change how the huge store runs its business. The traditional way of running a supply chain uses paperwork that is written on paper. These papers can take a lot of time and have mistakes in them. Walmart can use smart contracts and digital records that are based on the blockchain to automate some tasks. Smart contracts can be set up to do things when certain conditions are met. Smart contracts can be set up to release payments automatically as soon as delivery confirmation is received. This means that prices don't have to be processed by hand.

Digital records are kept safely on the blockchain, which makes supply chain operations even more efficient. Keeping shopping lists on the blockchain is safe. All transactions are clearly recorded and can be checked. It keeps the data's integrity and lowers the chance of fraud or disagreements. Supply chain management at Walmart is saving time and money by using blockchain technology. Robotically doing things can reduce the likelihood of mistakes and problems. Going paperless is in line with Walmart's commitment to sustainability and corporate responsibility (Loureiro, Guerreiro and Tussyadiah, 2021).

Enhanced supplier relationships

Improved collaboration with suppliers through intelligent contracts: As per Pasquale (2020), through the use of blockchain technology, businesses are able to improve their ability to collaborate throughout the supply chain. The responsibility of ensuring that the rules are permanently adhered to falls on the shoulders of intelligent contracts. Walmart can be more transparent when they embrace intelligent contracts. A transaction may be carried out via the smart contract. In the event that invoices were processed manually, the amount of time it would take for suppliers to be paid would be reduced. Walmart can ensure that its suppliers are meeting the quality requirements that were agreed upon via the use of intelligent contracts. The smart contract can either penalise a provider who violates these rules or initiate the process of settling the issue if the supplier does not comply.

Simplified verification processes for suppliers: Blockchain technology has a number of advantages, one of which is that it simplifies the process of verifying third-party providers. It may take some time to locate a new provider. By making it simple and secure to communicate and keep information about suppliers, blockchain technology has the potential to expedite the process from start to finish. By using a blockchain network that they all share, Walmart and its suppliers are able to discover the truth. Gaining knowledge regarding credentials is reasonably necessary. Because everyone may have faith that the data on the chain is accurate, putting this information on the blockchain eliminates the need for it to be reviewed manually as often as it should be. By using blockchain technology, each individual provider is able to create their own unique digital identity. A trustworthy and immutable method of establishing one's identity is provided by the blockchain, which maintains digital identities and renders them unchangeable (Loureiro, Guerreiro and Tussyadiah, 2021).

All aspects of the supply chain, including its reliability and safety, have been enhanced. Walmart's supply chain management will become more effective and secure as a result of the usage of blockchain technology, which can be used to simplify the verification process for suppliers. This will result in money and time savings. Due to the fact that the blockchain records information about it in a manner that cannot be altered, Walmart is able to reliably and rapidly bring on new suppliers. This reduces the likelihood of their acting fraudulently or making errors, as well as ensuring that they adhere to the regulations (Corporate.walmart, 2024).

Prompt dispute resolution: According to Zhang and Dafoe (2019), Walmart's use of blockchain technology in its supply chain management can help settle disputes more quickly and easily. It may be costly to resolve issues such as payment difficulties, delivery delays, and questions about the quality of the items when Walmart and its suppliers have disagreements to resolve. Utilising smart contracts that are based on blockchain technology, Walmart is able to establish unambiguous guidelines for the resolution of issues. Because the records on a blockchain are accessible to the public, it is much simpler to resolve a dispute in a timely and equitable manner.

As per Liu et al. (2020), in this way, Walmart's supply chain would be able to function more efficiently and with more dependability. By making it more straightforward for individuals to collaborate, accelerating the verification process, and bringing about a more suitable resolution to conflicts, blockchain technology may be of assistance to Walmart's supply chain management. Walmart can use blockchain to make its supply chain more open, efficient, and reliable.

C. Technical Hurdles associated with implementing blockchain technology in Supply Chains

There are some problems with putting blockchain technology to use. One of the biggest problems is that people worry about their privacy and safety.

i. Technical challenges associated with implementing blockchain

Scalability issues due to high transaction volumes: There are some problems with the technology behind blockchain. When there are a lot of transactions, the network can get crowded, which makes processing times longer and fees higher. There are a lot of transactions at Walmart, which can be a problem. Some things could be done to fix the problem. Layer-2 solutions use transactions that don't happen on the main blockchain and then settle them on it on a regular basis. This breaks the main blockchain up into smaller, easier-to-handle pieces (Prentice, Lopes and Wang, 2020).

Interoperability between different blockchains and legacy systems: As per Pasquale (2020), interoperability is complex to make sure of. Other technologies and techniques are used in supply chains. Putting together different methods can be challenging. To make communication easy, we need standards and protocols. Middleware solutions make it possible for the blockchain and old systems to work together.

Data privacy and security concerns: Blockchain technology requires privacy and security. Blocks are very protective yet introduce new weaknesses. Exploitable bright contract flaws exist. Chain data is typically public and available to all parties, making data privacy difficult. Access restrictions safeguard critical data. Before implementation, smart contracts should be tested and audited for weaknesses. Implementing blockchain technology is challenging. Walmart may enhance supply chain management using blockchain technology if it handles interoperability, data privacy and security, and growth (Lockey et al., 2021).

ii. Regulatory and legal requirements impacting blockchain implementation

Compliance with data protection regulations: According to Zhang and Dafoe (2019), when using blockchain technology, there are challenges in terms of complying with data protection regulations. The implementation of blockchain in the supply chain management system is related to the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union. Some of the issues discussed here are data privacy, security, and managing consent.

Intellectual property rights and ownership of blockchain-based solutions: Intellectual property rights need to be carefully considered when blockchain-based solutions are used. Walmart needs to make rules about how to license applications that use blockchain technology. The business will be able to protect the money it puts into blockchain technology (Go, Kang and Suh, 2020).

Jurisdictional challenges in cross-border transactions: As per Mhlanga (2021), Walmart has stores all over the world, and its supply chain network includes transactions that take place in many different countries, each with its laws and rules. When putting blockchain technology to use, problems with jurisdiction should be taken into account, and cross-border transaction rules should be followed. This could mean working with local regulators and lawyers to learn about the laws and make changes to the blockchain-based solution as needed.

iii. Strategies to overcome hurdles

Collaborative approach with industry partners, regulators, and technology providers: According to Zhang and Dafoe (2019), collaboration is one of the most excellent strategies to overcome blockchain technology issues. Walmart should consult with authorities and similar companies to identify solutions. Sharing information, resources, and expertise helps stakeholders solve interoperability and rule-following difficulties. It can generate fresh blockchain concepts and handle challenges creatively. The corporation can acquires cutting-edge advice and solutions from tech businesses.

Other parties are collaborating to ensure Walmart's supply chain management uses blockchain technology properly. Walmart can avoid blockchain concerns by utilising something everyone knows. Walmart can improve problem-solving, accelerate innovation, and employ blockchain technology in its supply chain by partnering with industry peers (Shi et al., 2020).

Pilot projects for testing scalability and interoperability solutions: According to Huang, Rust and Maksimovic (2019), by developing pilot projects, blockchain technology problems are being solved. Walmart may collaborate with technology businesses and others on small-scale blockchain initiatives. These pilot initiatives identify concerns and provide solutions before supply chain modifications. It can try blockchain in real life. Participants in trial initiatives may provide Walmart comments.

Establishing clear guidelines for data privacy and security measures: Walmart should define blockchain use regulations. There should be regulations for protecting sensitive data, data privacy, and blockchain network security. Walmart may collaborate with government authorities and other companies to set standards that foster confidence and simplify blockchain technology.

Conclusion

The overall ananlysis of Walmart's Supply chain management and application of blockchain technology on it will help its technological development. The application of blockchain solutions can respect the regulations. Walmart solves problems better with teamwork. Many organisations may test new ideas and discover how blockchain solutions perform in real life via pilot projects. Walmart may explore blockchain-based supply chain management to ease the transition. Blocks can make the supply chain more open, efficient, and safe, and these initiatives demonstrate that. These techniques may help Walmart overcome blockchain implementation issues. Walmart also benefits from technology with vendors' cutting-edge technologies and expertise.

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