PSY7002 Social Psychology Assignment Sample

Introduction - PSY7002 Social Psychology Assignment Sample

Gender inequality continues to be a pervasive aspect of contemporary society, impacting areas ranging from the workplace to politics and media representation (Santoniccolo et al., 2023). Although much progress has been made towards gender equity, structural and cultural obstacles impede women and marginalized gender groups from having equal opportunities. Discourse is a critical inquiry area for social psychologists to understand how gender inequality is perpetuated, challenged and negotiated (Newman et al., 2023). Media takes a vital role in determining how people are allowed to perceive and socially construct gender roles and what they think of themselves in their place in society. However, news media, especially so, is a primary source of information which shapes public opinion based on how they cover stories, use language, and rehearse storytelling (Dahal et al., 2022).

Experience stress-free academics with our reliable Assignment Helper team! We combine expertise, dedication, and timely delivery to ensure your complete satisfaction and academic growth.

Review of Relevant Literature

Research on media and gender inequality has consistently demonstrated how representations of men and women vastly differ in terms of visibility, role, and terms used to describe them (Tabassum & Nayak, 2021). Women can also be underrepresented in political and economic news. When reported on, they are often profiled in coverage that focuses primarily on their personal lives, appearance or emotions instead of their professional success (Goyanes et al., 2024). Similarly, men are often portrayed in leadership or authoritative roles, further reinforcing traditional power structures.

Despite this, several media narratives still place women as inferior to men by trivializing their actions or presenting them when they are taking up stereotypical roles (Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020). News stories about topics that affect women are framed gender biased in a way that has increased the woman's responsibility rather than the problem of the structural challenge (Edström, 2018). They also play the role of restoring unequal power relations through so far the language.

Figure 1: New perspectives on language and gender

(Source: Hultgren, 2017)

Surprisingly, Language is central to how we perceive the issue of gender. The ways some news content employs descriptors, metaphors, and framing serves to fortify or undermine the prevailing societal standards (Borelli & Cacciari, 2019). Gender was portrayed to individuals and organizations with matters relating to gender discrimination. So, it must view the discussion of gender inequality in media and need to learn about how social perceptions are influenced and shaped by it as crucial.

Aims of the Study

This research aims to investigate how gender inequality is reproduced, negotiated or transformed in the current media news.

Objectives of the study are as follows:

• To analyze the language and discourse used in a news article discussing gender inequality, identify patterns that reinforce or disrupt traditional gender norms.
• To apply a qualitative research approach, specifically Discourse Analysis, to uncover implicit and explicit biases in the framing of gender-related issues.
• To examine how gendered power relations are reflected in media narratives, considering how specific themes and rhetorical strategies contribute to shaping societal attitudes.
• To evaluate the influence of media framing on public perceptions of gender inequality, drawing on theoretical insights from Framing Theory and Social Role Theory.

Justification for a Qualitative Approach

Quantitative research does not favour gender inequality in media because it focuses on generalizable results, impacts, and connections within respondents and their social context (Монахова et al., 2023). Quantitative research is contrasted with qualitative research, which investigates how people talk, write about and construct the social world. Media analysis is most helpful when decoding the latent and manifest content within media messages.

Thematic Analysis is chosen for this research since it examines how language creates meanings and realities in our social world. Semiotic analysis allows media content analysis to determine how this inequality is represented or can redefine gender expectations (Sovacool et al., 2023). Looking at the news’s linguistic features, one can examine the differences in ideological and gender arrangements involved in writing and language and what the news audience is ideologically invited to know about gender.

Theoretical Framework

In adopting these perspectives in this study, the theory is Framing Theory, which posits that how an issue is conveyed in media affects its reception by the public (Tarish et al., 2022). As always, media presents gender inequality in specific ways through certain narratives, choices of words and focal points. They established that the rhetorical construction of an issue designates whether that issue is viewed as a problem that has to be solved systemically or as a problem that has to be fixed on the individual level (Nguyen & Hekman, 2022).

Figure 2: Social Role Theory

(Source: Lin et al., 2018)

Besides Framing Theory, another theory considered in this study is Social Role Theory. According to Social Role Theory, a person's treatment depends on the roles assigned to men and women in any society (Sekścińska et al., 2016). It is common that with the help of media, assigned roles are strengthened for men and women, putting them into the traditional framework. This paper will look at how these theoretical concepts have been applied to the news content covered and how they help advance the discourse around gender equality.

Methods

Aims

This study seeks to examine how gender inequality is constructed in contemporary news media discourse, focusing on the linguistic, thematic, and structural elements used to represent gender-related issues.

Selection of Methodology

The research approach that hitherto used in this study is Discourse Analysis, a qualitative research technique that deals with language in use and the co-production of meaning in a particular social-cultural context. Discourse Analysis is particularly useful for this research because it enables the analysis of what constitutes gender inequality semantically and rhetorically in media (Kivle & Espedal, 2022).

Unlike Thematic Analysis, which mainly explores patterns and frequencies in data or Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, which employs primarily personal lived experiences within the data set, Discourse Analysis allows for critically assessing power dynamics and ideological structures within the text (Naeem et al., 2023). It offers information on how language influences people’s attitudes to gender disparity and the stereotypes hidden in the media.

Besides, the study was secondarily qualitative because it focused on analysing data already available in the public domain in the form of a published news article (Cheong et al., 2023). It is helpful in this context because it enables a narrow but detailed analysis of gender issues as they are constructed within the framework of an already discussed domain. This was done using the following linguistic and thematic dimensions to comprehend how gender inequality was packaged, as captured by the selected news article (Zuiderwijk et al., 2021).

Data Description

Discourse Analysis is based on the critical discourse theory adopted from the perspective that language is a form of reality construction (Yu & Zheng, 2022). This has been done based on the linguistic and social theories that regard media as a producer of knowledge and power relations. Framing Theory is one of the theory propositions about media selection and presentation of information to frame it in the eyes of the public (Hulst et al., 2024). In this way, the news content helps to construct gender inequality in a particular way, either to be seen as a societal problem which needs policy change or simply as a people’s problem.

Another theory underpinning the analysis of gender representations in media is social role theory, which posits that representations are shaped by the historical roles given to gender types (Hulst et al., 2024). Gender in news content is presented and constructed in this way based on the broader structural relations and the dominant cultural templates that exist in sexes and genders.

A secondary qualitative analysis approach was chosen as it enables the study of discourse outside that of participants (Dufour & Richard, 2019). Thus, this study can place access to a visible and common media representation of unequal gender relations in accordance with the present discursive formation.

Validate the analytical framework to ensure that examining how gender inequality is constructed in news media is organised coherently and systematically according to the 12 conceptual reflections on language as power, as introduced by Dufour et al. (2013) and further discussed by Richard (2019).

Analytical Process

In the present study, analysis was performed based on a research paradigm known as Discourse Analysis to examine the lexical and semantic properties of the selected news item (Wang et al., 2021). The first involved getting acquainted with the data; the article was initially read to develop an article structure, its overall tenor and key points. At this stage, preliminary field notes of the language use, rhetorical appeals, and themes and topics of gender imbalance were recorded (Mortenson, 2022). This made for a better analysis of how issues to do with gender were depicted in the text to get to the bottom of things.

After familiarization, the initial coding process was conducted as a further step of the research method. Therefore, the text must be segmented and analyzed regarding linguistic features, including choice of words, constructed text, and framing of gender issues (Ryshina-Pankova et al., 2021). Certain expressions, keywords and structures were selected and classified according to the prevalence of gender inequality. This stage was critical in establishing how specific words and phrases helped in determining the overall discourse in addition to biases that existed in the article.

Findings

Theme 1: Perpetuation of Traditional Gender Roles

The research showed that gender is also constructed in the chosen article in terms of traditional gender roles. Women are often painted as the ‘outliers’ when they do well in fields where men dominate, and this confirms to society that men are the default overlords (Lundskow, 2024). The word ‘barriers’ was used several times to mean that a woman’s achievements are not assumed but exceptional underachievement. Furthermore, the term ‘male-dominated industry’ goes with this sentiment that particular sectors are reserved for men, which, in essence, will continue to deter women from considering themselves hired (O’Brien et al., 2023).

Moreover, the article only supports the image of women’s achievements as exceptionally unusual rather than normative, which perpetuates the gender stereotype. This theme supports Social Role Theory, which states that gender roles are centuries entrenched in society and still present in the contemporary world (Santoniccolo et al., 2023). These roles given to the sexes by the media posit gender inequality as a result of individual striving instead of systemic alteration, discouraging social transformation of anti-stereotype perceptions.

Theme 2: Individualization of Gender Inequality

It has been identified that there was no clear differentiation between gender inequality as an organizational problem and an individual one, and the article presented the former as the latter (Hing et al., 2023). The attributes that need to be achieved to be classified as a ‘good woman’ were captured by work references such as ‘work twice as hard’ and ‘work to prove yourself’. It effectively replaces collective responsibility within certain social institutions and cultural practices for people and fails to promote equal opportunities.

This theme is closely related to meritocracy, a belief in equal opportunities for all people to profit based solely on one’s diligence when women of colour experience discrimination based on their gender and race in the workplace and everyday life. The article emphasised the subject's tenacity rather than focusing on organizational policies and procedures, employment discrimination or social pressures. It minimized the necessity for such measures as pay equity, women's leadership development, or anti-prejudice measures (Hillard et al., 2099).

Theme 3: Role of Male Voices in Defining Gender Discourse

One recurring theme in this study was male parochialism in discussing gender disaggregation (Veeran et al., 2022). This article often refers to male policymakers, specialists, and observers determining whose opinions should matter on gender-related issues. However, female voices were frequently given as testimonials and not as professionally informed witnesses.

Furthermore, such conditions predetermined the gender expertise gap, according to which men are regarded as observers of gender issues, while women’s opinions are viewed as partial and less significant (Cislaghi & Heise, 2020). Especially the word “experts believe” was most of the times used with a male perspective, which meant gender is still something that needs to be controlled or managed by males rather than women initiating such discourses.

Theme 4: Framing of Gender Inequality as a Temporary or Improving Issue

The article also framed gender inequality as transient or progressing over time by using such phrases frequently. Constructions like ‘marked progress has been made’ and ‘equality is shrinking’ acknowledge that women are becoming more equal with men and downplay the commitment to make further progress (Kelan, 2020).

Furthermore, the framing that pays attention to progress tends to perpetuate illusions that there are no further actions to be taken anymore because change is afoot (Harris & Ashcraft, 2023). This concurs with Framing Theory, which focuses on how media constructs the Social frame of issues. However, presenting gender inequality as a constantly improving condition, the article focuses on current systemic processes and possible policy solutions (Bajusz, 2023). Furthermore, the failure to directly address structural issues like unequal wages, gender disparities in leadership, and discrimination leaves the viewers with the impression that gender disparities are self-remedial.

Theme 5: Intersectionality Gap in Gender Inequality Discussion

The final theme discovered during our analysis showed that the discussions about female inequality ignored different social groupings. Studies tended to view gender as a single category rather than examining the distinct ways different groups face gender-based oppression, which includes race, ethnicity, class, disability and minority identities (Potter et al. 2019). The study on women leaders failed to include ways of addressing racism and classism issues, according to Gqola et al. in 2024. The basic declaration of leadership obstacles for women ignores the dissimilar treatment of different female groups (Maroto et al., 2019). It failed to examine how people of colour experienced women's leadership differently than white women.

The analysis's lack of diversity keeps certain perspectives on gender inequality from appearing which causes our understanding of this issue to be incomplete. According to Intersectional Feminist Theory, researchers must examine gender through the lens of interconnected social connections (Bauer et al., 2021). A lack of intersectional analysis in this article hinders our understanding of gender inequality and uncovers its impact on marginalized communities.

Discussion

Restating the Research Question

In light of Framing Theory and Social Role Theory and using Discourse Analysis, this investigation reveals how language, representation, and storytelling underpin and contribute to the social construction of gender inequality (Yasmin & Sidra, 2024). It highlights a need for extending the focus on gender issues beyond what media reporting detects in individual women and men to include intersectional, structural analysis of gender in media discourses that captures the contemporary complexity of inequality (Cheong et al., 2023).

Summary of Findings

Critical evaluation of a selected news article provided five major genres that define gender inequality in mass media discourses. Another significant discovery, as it was previously mentioned, was the continuation of such prejudices as gender roles. When women succeeded in doing what men were doing,g it had always been considered a big feat, perpetuating the notion that women should not be intent on doing traditional male things (Llorens et al., 2021). Language choices highlighted women ‘entering new frontiers’ and ‘opening doors’, making achievements look like a novelty rather than an advancement. This framing postulates that gender equality remains an exception and thus preserves the patriarchal order.

Another emergent feature was the personalisation of gender disadvantage in which gender disparities were couched in terms of women and girls having to overcome barriers rather than society addressing its structure to dismantle gender inequality. The invented tradition that women should have to “work twice as hard” or “prove ourselves” mitigated responsibility from institutions to the individual. This type of framing resonates with the meritocratic rhetoric that is generally plausible today, that systematically, what is on offer and people gain possesses a just distribution in proportion to their work. Thus, gender inequality is depicted in a manner that undermines systematic factors that explain why women sustain less favourable results, discrimination on the job, differential pay, and constrained availability of executive positions (Schaerer et al., 2023).

Gender discourses and the importance of considering male voices were also discussed as one of the critical strands. Men were presented as defining sources of knowledge of gender issues as experts, policymakers and analysts (Schaerer et al., 2023). Although female respondents were involved in the surveys, their contributions seemed more tendential than normative. This imbalance mimics the circumstances in other spheres of society where men retain the floor and, in effect, the power of decision even about concerns, issues, and innovations within the feminized subject of gender concerns (Gauci et al., 2023). The white male sources again perpetuate hegemonic masculinity and gender oppression by making gender issues a question for male scholars to discuss rather than issues for women to address.

Interpretation of Findings of Literature

Another emerging thread was oriented at gender inequality as a temporary or progressing problem. The article often left the reader with the impression that much has already been achieved to change this by making it seem like gender imbalances are self-correcting. Similar phrases such as “the gender gap is closing” and “these strides have been made” suggest that gender inequality is a thing of the past (Ryan, 2022). Although denying or at least minimising signs of deterioration is good, this type of framing reduces the pressure for the system to make further improvements. It means that equal opportunities between both genders will develop over the years, indicating that gender issues are not a result of policy diagrams, social activists and progressives (Hua & Zhao, 2024).

The penultimate theme was the issue of the gender intersectionality divide. Gender discrimination was, to some extent, depicted as happening to all women and girls without much regard to ethnicity, class, or disability, among other factors (Lwamba et al., 2022). The gender inequality problem was discussed very simplified since women’s experiences from minorities were not included (Charlotte & Mügge, 2023). This omission is regrettably typical for mainstream media, where the topic of gender is mentioned by excluding minorities, gays and lesbians, poor women and women of colour experience.

These findings are consistent with previous research done on gender stereotypes in media. Research has time and again revealed that female voices are rare in content categorized as political and economic and that the success is more of a sexist surprise than the norm. Studies also reveal that gender stereotyping is always presented as an individual problem and not systematic (Stewart et al., 2021). Such a focus on individual triumphs perpetuates the triumphant myth of free market deservingness or meritocracy while ignoring the social structural factors that govern individual opportunities for gender inequality.

It has also been pointed out intolerable that gender discussions have mainly been conducted with the prominence of male voices (Stewart et al., 2021). Researchers have established the evidence that, even though news articles may cover issues relevant to women directly, men are quoted more as experts than women. Such gendered lack in expertise is perhaps not surprising given the current and fast-changing social dynamics, which continue to give men, particularly in the Western world, a dominant position in political leadership, academia, and media (Tremmel & Wahl, 2023). The emphasis placed on the male gender in gender discourse allows for the construction of the idea that the opinions of men are superior to women; such a move, thus, maintains the gender bias.

Gender inequality is presented as a fading problem, which also falls under the post-feminist paradigm that claims that gender equality has been primarily secured (Mohajan, 2022). This perception is not helpful as it downplays some existing battles and erases the impulse for more fighting and advancement in policy rights. While cultural gender disparities are portrayed as an issue natural and progressively diminishing over time, such representations by media serve to discourage audiences and policymakers from engaging in a fight to address other existing real gender-related challenges (Balducci, 2023).

However, the exclusion of intersectionality in the article gives insights into a significant problem in discourses on gender. Firstly, intersectional feminism scholars insist that gender is interrelated with other social matrices, such as race, class or disability (Balducci, 2023). Current media discussions on gender inequality are limited by the absence of a range of views and practices, which leads to the provision of an incomplete and sometimes distorted picture of the problem. Women in different categories face discrimination in different ways, and the lack of recognition of this leads to the provision of remedies that are not useful to all women (Mohajan, 2022).

The implication of this study is a ‘pipeline’ to fill the existing void on coverage of gender inequality in journalism. The media must shift gears from focusing on the survivor model and be able to explain why gender disparities exist in the world we live in. I propose that, regarding questions related to gender, journalists should expand the number of voices necessary for covering the topic, prioritizing female and marginalized individuals rather than using male authority as the default. Moreover, media discourse should recognise achievements and discuss what has not been accomplished; it should not use language that predicts gender equality when people still fight for it (Mohajan, 2022).

Thus, this research applying the Framing Theory shows how media shapes the audience’s perception of the existence or otherwise of gender inequality. Whether issues are presented and viewed as individual struggles, systemic problems, or conditions slowly getting better results in how audiences understand gender inequalities and what can be done about them (Balducci, 2023). Framing women’s success as a form of reverse sexism, focusing on individualism, and erasing the intersectional approach helps reinforce the status quo of gendered power relations.

These findings hold significant implications for journalism, policy-making and, more broadly, public debate. Pay special attention to representation in media texts and demand that they address gendered power relations in society (Hepp, 2022). Further studies are needed to investigate the role of other forms of media, such as the alternative media or the post-feminist media, as well as examine the part played by feminist journalism and the social movements spawned by social media in the process of creating a more critical paradigm for gender portrayal in media (Adukia et al., 2023).

Conclusion

Thus, this research has defined that several intersecting themes are contributing to gender inequality in media discourse that incorporates maintenance of stereotyped gender roles, detailing of individual experience, male domination, presence of narrative of progress, and lack of intersectionality. These themes resonate with such literature and theoretical paradigms as confirming the role of media language in creating, reinforcing or disrupting gender norms.

Thus, defining two theoretical frameworks, Framing Theory and Social Role Theory, this research shows how language used in news media shapes public perception of gender inequality. In doing so, the construction of women’s success as the exception, the emphasis on individualism over collective action, and a lack of consideration of race all play into the creation of a discourse which perpetuates gender order.

References

• Adukia, A., Eble, A., Harrison, E., Runesha, H. B., & Szasz, T. (2023). What We Teach About Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children’s Books. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 138(4), 2225–2285. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjad028
• Bajusz, O. (2023). When Activism, Tactical Media, Visual And Participatory Media Involve High Stakes: Investigating The Visual And Participatory Aspects Of Science Communication - CUB Ph.D. dissertations. Uni-Corvinus.hu, 12. https://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/1277/1/bajusz_orsolya_den.pdf
• Balducci, M. (2023). Linking gender differences with gender equality: A systematic-narrative literature review of basic skills and personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105234
• Bauer, G. R., Churchill, S. M., Mahendran, M., Walwyn, C., Lizotte, D., & Villa-Rueda, A. A. (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative research: A systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods. SSM - Population Health, 14(1), 100–798. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321000732
• Borelli, E., & Cacciari, C. (2019). The Comprehension of Metaphorical Descriptions Conveying Gender Stereotypes. An Exploratory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02615
• Charlotte, J., & Mügge, L. (2023). Political Representation and Intersectionality: Perspectives of Ethnically/Racially Minoritized Citizens. Social Politics, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad020
• Cheong, D. D., Bock, B. B., & Roep, D. (2023). Unpacking gender mainstreaming: a critical discourse analysis of agricultural and rural development policy in Myanmar and Nepal. Agriculture and Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-023-10502-x
• Cheong, H., Lyons, A., Houghton, R., & Majumdar, A. (2023). Secondary Qualitative Research Methodology Using Online Data within the Context of Social Sciences. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22(1), 1–19. Sagepub. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231180160
• Cislaghi, B., & Heise, L. (2020). Gender norms and social norms: differences, similarities and why they matter in prevention science. Sociology of Health & Illness, 42(2), 407–422. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7028109/
• Dahal, P., Joshi, S. K., & Swahnberg, K. (2022). A Qualitative Study on Gender Inequality and Gender-based Violence in Nepal. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14389-x
• Dufour, I. F., & Richard, M.-C. (2019). Theorizing from secondary qualitative data: A comparison of two data analysis methods. Cogent Education, 6(1). Tandfonline. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2019.1690265
• Edström, M. (2018). Visibility patterns of gendered ageism in the media buzz: a study of the representation of gender and age over three decades. Feminist Media Studies, 18(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1409989
• Gauci, P., Luck, L., O’Reilly, K., & Peters, K. (2023). Workplace gender discrimination in the nursing workforce—An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32(17-18). https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16684
• Goyanes, M., Tóth, T., & Háló, G. (2024). Gender differences in google scholar representation and impact: an empirical analysis of political communication, journalism, health communication, and media psychology. Scientometrics, 129(3), 1719–1737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-024-04945-0
• Gqola, P. D., Perera, I., Phadke, S., Shahrokni, N., Zaragocin, S., Satija, S., & Ghosh, A. (2024). Gender and public space. Gender & Development, 32(1-2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2024.2376976
• Harris, K. L., & Ashcraft, K. (2023). Deferring Difference No More: An (Im)modest, Relational Plea From/Through Karen Barad. Organization Studies, 17, 017084062311694. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406231169424
• Hepp, A. (2022). Agency, social relations, and order: Media sociology’s shift into the digital. Communications, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2020-0079
• Hillard, A. L., Schneider, T. R., & Jackson, S. M. (2099). Reducing Stereotyping of Women in STEM: Do Personal Relevance and Efficacy of Messages Boost Persuasion? ADVANCE Journal. https://doi.org/10.5399/osu/advjrnl.3.2.8
• Hing, L. S. S., Sakr, N., Sorenson, J. B., Stamarski, C. S., Caniera, K., & Colaco, C. (2023). Gender inequities in the workplace: A holistic review of organizational processes and practices. Human Resource Management Review, 33(3), 100968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100968
• Hua, J., & Zhao, T. (2024). Gender inequality: issues, challenges and new perspectives. Gender Place & Culture, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2024.2433449
• Hulst, M. van , Metze, T., Dewulf, A., Vries, J. de , Bommel, S. van, & Ostaijen, M. van . (2024). Discourse, framing and narrative: three ways of doing critical, interpretive policy analysis. Critical Policy Studies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2024.2326936
• Hultgren, A. K. (2017). New perspectives on language and gender: Linguistic prescription and compliance in call centres. Language in Society, 46(05), 671–695. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404517000574
• Kelan, E. (2020, December 21). Why Aren’t We Making More Progress Towards Gender Equity? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/12/why-arent-we-making-more-progress-towards-gender-equity
• Kivle, B. M. T., & Espedal, G. (2022). Identifying Values Through Discourse Analysis. Researching Values, 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90769-3_10
• Lin, X., Li, Y., Califf, C. B., & Featherman, M. (2018). Can Social Role Theory Explain Gender Differences in Facebook Usage? 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2. https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2013.125
• Llorens, A., Tzovara, A., Bellier, L., Bhaya-Grossman, I., Bidet-Caulet, A., Chang, W. K., Cross, Z. R., Dominguez-Faus, R., Flinker, A., Fonken, Y., Gorenstein, M. A., Holdgraf, C., Hoy, C. W., Ivanova, M. V., Jimenez, R. T., Jun, S., Kam, J. W. Y., Kidd, C., Marcelle, E., & Marciano, D. (2021). Gender Bias in academia: a Lifetime Problem That Needs Solutions. Neuron, 109(13), 2047–2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.002