Reduction Of Hunger Issues In Sri Lanka : A Case Study

Introduction Of The Reduction Of Hunger Issues In Sri Lanka: A Case Study On The Coastal Town Of Colombo In Sri Lanka

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"Coastal town of Colombo" in Sri Lanka is facing some serious issues regarding hunger and food insecurity in the recent times. This report is based on developing a project plan to minimise hunger issues and improves food security in Sri Lanka by improving the natural-based food production process and agricultural aspects.

Part 1: Project Management Plan

Logical framework

Project description	Indicators	Means of verification	Assumptions
Goal Sweetening food security and livelihoods for a population of "Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka"	By the end of 2023, it will decrease 25%	SIFSIA and IPC, activities	Implementation of food security measures and productivity contribute to enhanced production rates.
Outcomes Reducing vulnerability regarding food security and encouraging implementation of "Zero Hunger" through encouraging shocks among "Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka"	By the end of 2023, it will reduce 10% in individual household food insecurity will be reduced by 30% with adequate production of foods concerning developments in agriculture	Value-at-Risk (VaR) analysis and 9, ANLA regarding the variability of food insecurity	benchmarking value for the "food security indicators" count indicator of susceptibility to "food insecurity"
Output 1 Enhancing food production	By the end of 2023, will resume "sustainable food production" for several households People o have to adopt conservation techniques for agriculture	ANLA and CFSAM	Funding requirements help to reach and achieve output significantly Security does not deteriorate for a rural population as well as the population of "Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka" to access pastures and land
Output 2 Strengthening food accessibility	By the end of 2023, incomes level at household have to be increased by 10% have to be enhanced engagements in engaged in rural activities post-harvest has to be increased by 20%	ANLA and CFSAM	Financial and food crises are interlining with food insecurity and hunger crisis in Sri Lanka Funding requirements for meeting and accomplishing output
Output 3 Enhancing agricultural productivity with a conventional technique	By the end of 2023, have to increasing the accessibility of quality seed crop yields have to be increase Have to introduce animal vaccination to the maximum number of agro-pastoral and pastoral households	ANLA and CFSAM	Climatic conditions have to be conducive to livestock performance and crop productivity Funding sufficient level requirements to reach ultimate results regarding the implementation of agricultural aspects. .

Projects scope

The project plan is associated with taking webinar initiatives with the effective participation of expert speakers for executing "Zero hunger" concerning the instruction of "Sustainable developed goals of UN. Those experts come from the "World Food Program", "United Nations Development Program", "Food and Agriculture Organization", and "Asian Development Bank" for sharing individuals perspectives regarding "the food security situation" in Sri Lanka for developing short-term responses as well as long-term potential solutions. Projects scope statement "Asian Development Bank" emphasise minimising issues regarding food security in Sri Lanka through conducting a " food developments program" with recognisable involvements of "World Food Program", "United Nations Development Program", and "Food and Agriculture Organization" concerning instruction regarding "Zero hunger" of " Suatabale developments goals of UN". Overall objectives

• To discuss and execute the evolution, genesis, and effects of "food security crisis" on the population of Sri Lanka
• To respond appropriately to minimising "Food security-related crisis" in Sri Lanka and reducing hunger issues with utilisation of practical and brainstorming solutions
• To explore an efficient and resilience pathway for the development of nature-based solutions and climate-resilient agriculture for promoting long-term solutions for minimising hunger issues and ensuring food security in Sri Lanka

WBS

Resources for project management process

Resource speakers are “Qingfeng Zhang”, “Sustainable Development”, “Chief of Rural Development and Food Security (Agriculture) Thematic Group”, and “Climate Change Department”, and ADB.

Milestone

Milestones	Objectives	Responsible person	Description	Time-based
Project initiation	? Identification of Project scope and Objective ? Requesting approval from national authority

Project Manager

Proposing scope and objectives of project based on analysis of current food insecurity at “Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka” that will contribute to gaining approval from governments of Sri Lanka and “World Food Program”, “United Nations Development Program”, “Food and Agriculture Organization”, and “Asian Development Bank” authorities

August 2023

Planning

? Analysing key Stakeholder groups for project plan

? Developing project team

? Arranging each activity for enhancing food security with a schedule and time plan

Project Planner

Analysing key stakeholder groups and developing project teams with specific job allocation and scheduling processes contribute to enhancing effectiveness in the project management process.

September 2023

Project Management

? Developing communication plan

? Attending meeting

? Designing project

? Analysing possible risks

? Prioritising Deliverables

Project designer and Project Planner

Conducting meetings and discussions about project deliverables, resources and working rocess is required to conduct project management process systematically. This stage can be recognised as an initial step of project execution phase

September 2023

Conceptualisation

? Design in

? Budgeting

? Risk assessments

? Developing progress report

? Team Integration

? Validation of Team

? Further implementation with risk resistance

Financial manager, Project Manager, and HRM

Developing a team by selecting members helps to develop a potential team and analysis of progress report contribute to enhancing team effectiveness. Budget analysis is concerned with financial feasibility that has to maintain for ensuring safety from financial risks and conducting ongoing work with significant progress

December 2023

Completion

? Final submission and handover of outcome report to the authorised person

Project Manager

Checking ultimate results and aligning with a scope and objective of project contribute to measuring success rate of project management process strategically.

January 2024

Budget breakdown

Work Item	Description	Cost
1.	Communicating with international and national experts and authorities	$500,000
2.	Training	$190,000
3.	Travel	$200,000
4.	Expandable equipment	$9620,000
5.	Non-expandable equipment	$240,000
6.	Project administration	$ 300,000
7.	Overhead cost concerning general operation	$300,000
8.	Support cost	$144,000
9.	Technical services	$135,000
10.	Contract	$290,000
11.	Total

Stakeholder management

The stakeholder management process is associated with identifying key stack holders groups, analysing their active involvements and maintaining their involvements through developing an efficient communication plan. The stakeholder management plan needs to be taken into concern for the proper management of the project. The stakeholders are the most important aspects and it can be managed by providing an effective amendment by influencing effective communication among the stakeholders (Guruge, 2019). This must be done for effective team building and project sponsors should be provided with an effective explanation of the project. A proper explanation must be made to every stakeholder for the development of the project in an effective manner. The action plan needs to be built by taking into concern the higher authority or the important stakeholders. This helps in meeting the need of the project.

External	Roles and responsibilities
Bilateral and multilateral development institutions	Delivering suggestions and useful perspectives regarding food insecurity and hunger issues in Sri Lanka
Different private firms involved with agriculture and food production	Delivering suggestions and useful perspectives regarding food insecurity and hunger issues in Sri Lanka as well as providing financial support for conducting this project
Civil society, NGOs, and advocacy organizations	Delivering suggestions and useful perspectives regarding food insecurity and hunger issues of Sri Lanka as well as supporting promoting awareness regarding food security and food production with agricultural aspects
Different institutions regarding food and agriculture-related research and development	Delivering suggestions and useful perspectives regarding food insecurity and hunger issues in Sri Lanka
Intergovernmental and government organizations	Delivering suggestions and useful perspectives regarding food insecurity and hunger issues in Sri Lanka as well as providing financial support for conducting this project
ADB authorities	For taking initiative and conducting a project regarding the implementation of food security and productivity in Sri Lanka
Peoples of “Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka”	For adopting agricultural implementation and food security-related knowledge and activities from this project team to overcome hunger issues
Internal	Roles and responsibilities
Employees of project holder namely ADB	Executing each step of this project concerning instruction of project manager
Board of Directors	Manages operational practice considering strategic ways
Project Designer	Using "Zero hunger" concerning "Sustainable developments goals of UN" and developing a project with a specification of proper stage
Project manager	Manage project development and meet each stage concerning milestone
Project planer	Planning ways regarding improvements of food harvesting, and food production processes to minimising hunger-related issues in "Coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka"
Finance manager	Calculating and maintaining budget and minimising financial risks
HRM	Developing and mentoring project team
Risk management team	Analysing possible risks and mitigating them for ensuring security and safety concerning health and well-being as well as avoiding a sudden shutdown of this project

Communication plan

Plan	Responsibility of	When	Outcomes
Project Plan	Management team, Board of Directors and other Food oriented instituted and community	For gaining approval for conducting this project during project initiation	Sharing perspectives by different food experts and supporting to developing of a way of conducting this project concerning objectives, scope and possibility of success
Updating progress report	Project manager	Weekly	Conducting regular reviews and observations and identifying project effectiveness for further implementation
Monitoring possible risks	Risk management team	Interval of two week	Analyze expected problems and develop a Control plan for hazards with preparedness
Conducting weekly meetings concerning stakeholder engagements and team integration	Project managers, and management team	Weekly	Informing project management procedures and learning about the perspectives of stakeholder groups to manage the working process efficiently
Quality review	Quality management team	Weekly	Examine and standardising quality and accuracy to ensure a productive and high-quality deliverable in this project management process

Risk Registered Analysis:

Risk Factor	Description	Likelihood	Impact	Severity	Mitigation strategy	Severity as per mitigation strategy
Operational risk	It is the risk of loss incurred by the failure of internal processes, human resources, system mismanagement, or external factors.	3.8	4	Identifying the risk with the perspective of organizational goals After that, the risks that are evaluated based on the harming potential and occurred likelihood should be prioritized first. Based on the risk exposure analyzed, the risk control policies should be entertained that is transfer, avoid and accept. Implementation along with monitoring should be there.	4.5
Financial risk	It involves the risks involved in business transactions such as delinquency, arrears, delay in serving goods, natural disaster, epidemic circumstances, etc.	3.5	4.8	These risks can be mitigated by identifying the risks related to credit, operation, investment with foreign traders, legal, equity and liquidity. After this analysis, necessary action should be taken with various mitigation strategies with continuous monitoring. At an individual level, it can be mitigated by risk avoidance, Transferring of risks, and retention. This can be implemented at the corporate level also.	5
Security risk	It involves misleading the data of an organization or spreading out the plans and policies of the firm to its rivalries through hacking, taking into consideration the exposure of the secrets of the organization by a member of the firm.	4.1	5	Once the risk is identified, the firm should implement action plans to mitigate the risk by considering the likelihood, threats, vulnerabilities, and loss of assets.	5.1

Analysis:

From the above table, it can be said that every firm or organization suffers through three main risks that are operational, financial and security. As stated by Kara et al. (2020), for mitigating operational risk the firm must identify the risk according to a priority basis then to mitigate risk exposure it can transfer the risk to a different organization, avoid the risk with control for cyber security, can accept the risk if the cost is outweighed by the benefits. Monitoring the steps taken from time to time is necessary.

To mitigate the risk financially at an individual level a firm can prefer risk avoidance by eliminating the exposure factors; reducing the risk by diversification of the investment portfolio, transferring the risk to another party or accepting the responsibilities to mitigate the risk (Oláh et al. 2019). These risks can reduce the productivity of the firm so need to be considered seriously if identified on time.

As stated by Khosravi-Farmad and Ghaemi-Bafghi (2020), to mitigate security risks, the firm should be aware of the facts that incur the risk. With the following risk factors the firm must have a backup plan in case any leakage of information takes place. Then necessary actions should be taken to save the data from being stolen to be safe from incurring huge losses in the target market. Some of the actions are – updating and upgrading software, limiting account access, encrypting sensitive content (data), conducting risk assessments, using threat reputation services, etc.

Justification

UN reported more than 800 million people were suffering from chronic undernourished form 2017. The policy applied for the management of the issue was National Climate Change Policy. Global agencies have worked a lot for the improvement of the nation in terms of providing food and nutrition to children and the vulnerable society people The management of the issue in an effective manner and a proper management plan is a need and it needs to be developed by developing an effective milestone. It needs to be developed in an effective manner that includes project initiation by identifying the scope and objective of the management and it needs to be approved in an effective manner by the national authorities. The planning needs to be done for the development of the project in an effective manner proper planning stakeholders need to be identified and a team must be made. The motive of the project must be known to each and every stakeholder and project management is the next process that is to be maintained for the development of the nation. project management can be done by developing effective communication, designing of project, analysing the risk by attending meetings and prioritising the deliverables. Budgeting of various methods also needs to be implemented for having an effective estimate.

An analytical framework has been developed by meeting the needs of the nation with a proper destination of time according to the assumptions made for providing an effective service to the nation. The Goals of ADB are determined and then to fulfil the needs according to the ADB commitment proper arrangement is made. These are the major issues listed in the table and to mitigate these issues a proper framework has been provided. The issues are provided in the framework and the outcomes are provided with an assumption. The goals are determined by the framework of the goal of the ADB according to the commitment provided in the contract. It provides sweetening food and livelihood security. This needs to be improved in an effecit5ve manner so as to improve the productivity of food for decreasing hunger in the "coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka". This will be verified by IPC and SIFSIA so that proper facilities must be provided to the suffering people. Hunger must decrease by 25% by the end of 2023.

The outcome that leads to decreasing the vulnerability regarding the food and encouraging shock this will, have an effective development in reducing hunger by 10% and it will increase food security. The verification used for the development of the nation includes VaR and 9, ANLA. The main objective is to reduce food insecurity. Food production must be increased for removing hunger and marinating Zero hunger for marinating sustainability. This will need effective funding and will reduce the insecurity regarding food in rural as well as urban regions. Strengthening food accessibility will have an effective influence on enhancing agriculture and it needs financial support that includes effective funding. Agriculture has a huge impact on the development of the nation this will increase the income level by 10 % in rural areas and it will also increase the economy of the nation. The productivity will be enhanced by the enhancement of the techniques for agriculture.

The tools like WBS, milestones and budget breakdown have an effective method of intruding on the methods of management of the project. The budget breakdown gives an effective method that helps in analysing the budget for building effective methods for removing hunger. The various cost-effective methods and budgets related processes must give an estimation of improving the issue in an effective manner. The various methods that are needed for the development of the project include training, communication, travel project administration and various other purposes. These process needs to be implemented for the proper maintenance of the issues in an effective manner without suffering any loss. The expanded equipment and non-expanded equipment need to have an effective budget for reducing work stress and improving agriculture at a low cost. Effective funding is to be applied for the management of the issue faced by the "coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka". These budget breaks down helps in managing the stakeholders in an effective manner with the financial budget and it will also help in building an effective management strategy.

Task 2: Sustainability by Projects

The management of various stakeholders will have an effective development in terms of removing hunger and maintaining sustainability with zero hunger by following the rules of sustainability provided by the United Nation. The stakeholders who have an effective contribution to the development of the nation in terms of effective contribution the stakeholders include government, NGOs, religious leaders, private sector companies and the citizens of the world. the tools that are used for the development of Sri Lanka provide effective methods of development of the nation. The stakeholders have an effective contribution to the development of the nation. ADB (Asian development bank) has a huge contribution to the development of various sectors that included providing an effective money supply for removing hunger in "coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka" it also provided effective support in providing funds in educational sectors. The GDP growth was reduced to 3.6% from 3.7% due to a number of natural causes and others.

The hunger index has increased to a huge extent and many members have provided effective support for the development of Sri Lanka. The contribution of ADB was done with the help of 479 public sectors and gave an assist to Sri Lanka by supporting it from 11 billion. ADB has also granted a loan to the "coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka" of amount $8.64 billion. This has reduced huge amount of hunger and has developed in an effective manner. As committed by the 49 regional members all must be supported by the rest of the members. The framework built for the management of issues will develop effective management of the issues by building various techniques. These methods are used for improving the economic condition of the nation and maintaining the stability of the nation's hunger index.

There was s huge loss of food in the transportation of food and an average calorie deficit in Sri Lanka of 192 kcal per capita per day. The food was not supplied to the children and there was malnutrition among the various children. The percentage of children who were wasted and underweight was 18% and 29% respectively. The food accessibility and viability and the quality of the food were given as follows food accessibility (54.5%), quality and safety (49.5 %) and availability (52.8%). The report also gave information on food getting wasted during the agriculture process where it was noticed to 35% loss and increased the rate of hunger by increasing the price of food.

Efficiency of Tools

The tools that have effective development in various sectors will also support the development of the nation. The tools that will be used for the development of the nation are WBS, the Gantt chart and proper analysis of the risk management process are used. These tools have a huge impact on the development of the nation WBS will help in analysing the work that needs to be done in an effective manner and a number of methods are used for the conduction of development. The WBS also focuses on delivering the project in an effective manner (Kumari, 2020). Theses helps in meeting the need of the nation in various cost-saving processes and in a well-scheduled process. According to Herzanita (2019), the work breakdown structure helps in the proper management of the project It focuses on cost and time management and was an effective time as well as money. This will have an effective impact on the nation's development. This process helps in analysing the major's issue and helps in mitigating them in an effective manner. This will help youth with effective employment and help them to improve the economic condition of the nation. According to Sadler (2021), a proper structure of WBS helps in providing effective support in building a list of issues hierarchy that needs to be identified for the development of the nation. It provides an effective relationship for development by recognising the needs and responsibilities of the stakeholders. These are techniques that provide effective maintenance for the development in terms of reducing the hunger index of Sri Lanka. It also reduces the risk of causing a very less amount of failure as well as increases productivity.

The next tool that will be applied for the development of the project is the Gantt chart. This tool helps in the planning of the project in an effective manner so that the number of issues can be resolved with proper analysis of the outcomes. The outcomes are pre-tested and then applied for the development of the nation in terms of reducing the risk. According to Shibuya and Chen (2021), the Gantt chart helps in analysing the issue and planning them according to the need for development. The issues can be mitigated by providing an effective time schedule to perform in an effective manner. Gantt chart help in analysing and removing issues with the help of various software. This software gives an effective balance in reducing the extra expenses and provided an estimated balance chart for the development of the nation in reducing hunger and maintaining sustainability to zero hunger in the "coastal town of Colombo in Sri Lanka".

According to Hirakata et la. (2022), the Gantt chart has a huge impact on the maintaining the crisis of covid and it will also have an effect on developing an effective plan for reducing hunger to zero hunger in Srilanka. It helps in the proper management of people by managing the food and proper distribution with proper time maintenance. This tool helps in fulfilling the need of the stakeholders and developing a proper arrangement for the completion of the project. The principles used for the development of nutrition have also been provided in an effective manner as it will increase the production of food by agriculture and storing of food. The various organic methods must be included for improving agriculture as well as effective preservatives must be used for the development and storing of food products. The issues will be mitigated by various process that includes scheduling of the project.

Risk management is an effective method that helps in reducing the risk that will be incurred during providing support to the nation. This will help in providing effective balance in reducing the issue and minimising the hunger index of Sri Lanka. According to Lai et al. (2021), various software is also used for managing the issues and mitigating them in an effective manner. A risk management team will be involved in reducing the risk in terms of providing support with the help of a risk register. A risk register is a tool that helps in reducing the risk and also helps in identifying the priority. It helps in prioritising the issues and then acts according to the risk register. These tables help in resolving the issues in an effective manner so that the issues the most important issues are resolved based on the emergency. This will help the stakeholders to identify the issue and make effective solutions for reducing the issue in an effective manner.

Conclusion

This report has discussed the project plan with effective budget analysis, stakeholder analysis, and risk assessments process. This study has specified scope statements and objectives of this project management process with justified information regarding "Coastal town of Colombo" in Sri Lanka.

References

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