Construction and Sustainable Technologies Assignment Example

Table of Contents

Introduction - Construction and Sustainable Technologies Assignment Sample
Part A: Physical Appraisal
Building Analysis Table
Site Considerations
Environmental Strategy Table
Summary of Expected Outcomes
Part B: In-depth Environmental Proposal
1. Justification for the Proposal
2. Product or Strategy Overview
3. Context
4. Installation or Function
5. Analysis

15 Pages 3770 Words

Introduction - Construction and Sustainable Technologies Assignment Sample

Sustainable construction is becoming more important than ever in lessening the residential and commercial building contributions to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Building design and retrofitting with sustainable strategies can enhance energy efficiency, resource use, and indoor comfort. This report discusses an in-depth analysis of 98 Lawn Avenue, a semi-detached property built in the 1930s in Great Yarmouth, to explore potential improvements in its environmental performance. The aim of this report is to review the existing construction features and environmental conditions of the property. It should be based on an assessment of the current energy efficiency and put forward a sustainable strategy in reducing its environmental footprint. The analysis should include appraisal factors such as age of building, structure, wall, and roof construction, insulation, heating, among others; also, a site assessment of access and public transport links.

The report is divided into two major parts. Part A gives a highly detailed physical appraisal of the current features and environmental performance of the building, and Part B gives an in-depth proposal for enhancing the sustainability of the building through improved insulation Barnard and Costello (2023). This approach is designed to align the features of this property with modern standards regarding sustainability, thereby offering long-term benefits to the property in terms of energy conservation and comfort.

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Part A: Physical Appraisal

Figure 1: 98 Lawn Avenue, Great Yarmouth, NR30 1QW

Building Analysis Table

Building Construction Element	Description	Evaluation
Age and Structure	Built in the 1930s, the property is a semi-detached, 144 m² residence. It likely has a concrete trench foundation typical of this period Buck (2021). The building is oriented west and includes a front driveway and a fenced rear garden.	The 1930s structure suggests the building may have aged components and limited insulation. Orientation to the west may affect heating and cooling requirements, as the front faces the afternoon sun, potentially increasing heat gains during warmer months.
Wall Construction	The ground floor features 300mm cavity walls with stretcher bond brickwork, while the first floor is cement render painted white. There is also pin tile cladding around the front bay window at the first floor McLaughlin and Smith (2024). Damp-proof course (DPC) is situated approximately 150mm above the exterior ground level.	The cavity wall construction provides some basic thermal insulation but does not meet modern standards. The combination of materials suggests moderate heat retention, but additional insulation could improve efficiency. Pin tile cladding, although visually distinctive, offers limited insulation. The DPC placement is adequate for moisture protection.
Roof Construction	The property has a hip roof with an intersecting box gable, covered with red pin tiles, and the box gable itself is clad in pin tiles. It features a traditional cut roof structure with 150mm x 50mm rafters and 100mm x 150mm purlins. Loft insulation is 100mm loft roll.	The traditional cut roof is structurally sound but may lack modern insulation standards Barnard and Butlin (2024). The existing 100mm loft roll insulation is below current recommendations, which are closer to 270mm, indicating potential for improved thermal performance. The pin tile cladding on the gable contributes little to energy efficiency.
Floor Construction	Both the ground and first floors are timber-suspended with softwood coverings, and the structure includes brick ventilation vents positioned externally around the property.	The timber-suspended floor is typical for buildings of this era but may lead to heat loss through the flooring system. The brick vents help maintain air circulation, reducing moisture risks but also potentially allowing heat escape Wong and Maw (2024). Improved underfloor insulation could help mitigate energy loss.
Windows	Fitted with grey UPVC double-glazed frames, the windows include trickle vents, with frosted glass used in bathroom windows for privacy.	The double glazing offers good insulation compared to single-glazed windows and reduces external noise Hammond and Jones, (2011). However, upgrading to energy-efficient triple glazing could further improve thermal performance. Trickle vents aid ventilation but may slightly compromise energy efficiency if left open.
Lighting	The kitchen and bathroom areas are equipped with LED spotlights, while other rooms have central pendant lights with standard bulbs.	LED spotlights are energy-efficient and suitable for high-use areas like the kitchen and bathroom. However, the central pendant lighting with traditional bulbs in other rooms could be upgraded to LEDs to reduce electricity consumption and improve energy efficiency throughout the home.
Heating/Cooling Systems	The heating system features a Baxi combi boiler with remote digital thermostats. Each room has double panel radiators with thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs).	The Baxi combi boiler and TRVs provide efficient heating control, allowing for room-specific temperature regulation, which supports energy savings Costello and Barnard (2023). However, the system might benefit from further upgrades, such as smart thermostats for remote and adaptive control. There is no cooling system, which could be a consideration due to the property’s west-facing orientation.
Sanitary Fittings	Basic sanitary fittings are in place, including standard faucets and shower heads, with no specific water-saving features.	Current fittings may result in higher water usage. Replacing existing faucets and shower heads with low-flow or aerated alternatives could improve water efficiency and reduce consumption, aligning with sustainable water management practices Brantner and Stewart (2024).
Power Distribution	Power is supplied from a main consumer board located under the stairs. Safety features include battery-operated smoke alarms and a CO2 meter.	The power distribution system appears adequate for the property's needs. Smoke alarms and the CO2 meter enhance safety, but consideration could be given to upgrading to hard-wired or interconnected systems for improved reliabilit. Additionally, replacing any outdated wiring with modern, energy-efficient electrical materials could improve overall safety and efficiency.

Site Considerations

Site Feature	Description	Evaluation
Location and Accessibility	Situated in Great Yarmouth, a coastal town, the property is within a short walking distance of the beach and offers easy access to other nearby coastal villages.	The coastal location enhances access to recreational areas but may expose the building to salt air, potentially accelerating wear on exterior materials Barford and Gray (2022). Proximity to the beach makes it appealing for residents but requires maintenance against potential environmental wear.
Building Plot Characteristics	The building is west-facing on a main road with a front driveway and rear fenced garden.	The west-facing orientation increases solar heat gain in the afternoon, affecting thermal comfort. The driveway and garden enhance usability, though the garden’s sun exposure is limited due to the west-facing position.
Ecological Factors	Located in a main residential area, the property is not subject to Green Belt restrictions or ecological constraints.	The urban location and absence of Green Belt restrictions simplify potential renovations or enhancements Webb (2023). Landscaping or grass can, however, be incorporated in the interests of promoting biodiversity and resistance to microclimates, at an appropriately modest level.
Public Transport Links	Public transport is accessible, with a bus station 100 meters away and a train station 800 meters away.	Very accessible public transport would accommodate the sustainable means of commutes and can potentially reduce the car usage through its occupants. Thus, accessibility would minimize reliance on personal cars but at the same time be in support of the sustainability goals.
Parking Facilities	A front driveway provides parking space for up to two cars.	Easy driveway parking is convenient for the residents; however, it could cause traffic congestion within the locality. Alternative modes of transport such as cycling and public transport reduce the emissions from the transport in use.

Environmental Strategy Table

Building Feature	Current State	Proposed Sustainable Solution
Walls	300mm cavity wall construction with stretcher bond brick on the ground floor and cement render on the first floor. No added insulation within the cavity walls.	Internal Wall Insulation: Internal Wall Insulation Put internal insulation or high performance plasterboard in place to reduce heat loss and make the house thermally efficient Abranches and Theuerkauf (2021). This will help to reduce energy consumption and minimize carbon emissions. Loft rolls can be used to create more insulation in the walls.
Roof	Traditional cut roof with 100mm loft roll insulation.	Enhanced Loft Insulation: Upgrade the insulation to a minimum of 270mm in order to be standards compliant. Thicker loft insulation results in less heat passing through the roof, improving temperature control inside and also reduces demand on heating Whitehouse (2022). You can use the environment-friendly recycled wool or cellulose, too.
Windows	Grey UPVC double-glazed windows with trickle vents; frosted glass used in bathrooms.	Triple Glazing or Low-E Coated Glass: Replace double glazing with triple glazing or low-emissivity (Low-E) coated glass for further reduction in heat loss. This modification will enhance thermal performance, reduce energy costs, and minimize noise intrusion from the outside.
Lighting	LED spotlights in the kitchen and bathroom, while other rooms have traditional pendant lights with non-LED bulbs.	LED Lighting Upgrade: Replace all remaining traditional bulbs with energy-efficient LED bulbs. LEDs consume less electricity and have a longer lifespan, reducing both energy costs and waste. This enhancement would support whole-home efficiency in lighting.
Heating System	Baxi combi boiler with remote digital thermostats, double panel radiators with TRV (Thermostatic Radiator Valves) for each room.	Smart Thermostats and Zoning: Install a smart thermostat system, allowing for precise temperature control in each room Noor (2024). Zoning and smart scheduling can help optimize heating use and reduce energy consumption by adjusting temperatures based on occupancy patterns.
Water Efficiency	Standard faucets and shower heads with no specific water-saving features.	Low-Flow Fixtures: Replace faucets, shower heads, and toilet flush systems with low-flow options to reduce water consumption. Aerated faucets and high-efficiency shower heads can cut water usage significantly while maintaining water pressure, contributing to sustainable water management.
Renewable Energy	No existing renewable energy sources are installed.	Solar PV Panels: Install photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on the roof to generate renewable energy. Solar PV can offset electricity demand from the grid, reduce carbon emissions, and provide long-term cost savings Hassan (2024). Solar power could also be stored in batteries for use during peak times, maximizing the building's energy independence.

Summary of Expected Outcomes

Upgrading wall insulation enhances the thermal performance one step at a time. For this, it ensures there will be a loss of lowered heat from the house, which might keep the indoor environment within control Hopcroft (2024).
Loft upgrade to meet contemporary requirements will handle heat energy leakage into the roof that would present inefficiency while trying to warm the entire household as older buildings are characterized by areas that have proved to contribute to waste energy concerning heating.
This window upgrade will enhance the retention of thermal energy as well as minimize noise, which is essential in the event that it's a west-facing building that likely to experience heat loss in cold seasons.
Upgrading of LED lighting in all rooms tames the electricity consumed in lighting up the property toward energy-saving objectives
Smart thermostat and zoning mechanism installation help regulate temperatures correctly and only heat up occupied rooms Energy saving trust (2022).
The installation of water-efficient fixtures will ensure responsible usage of this water, especially in places which require much water.
Solar PV Panels Installation of these solar panels will provide renewable electricity by offsetting reliance on the mains and offering a sustainable electricity source for the property Snel and Geertman (2011).

These would include foundational elements and systems, utilizing cost-effective upgrades of energy-saving technologies feasible for fulfilling sustainability objectives in each step toward reduction of property environmental impact and improved comfort with reduction of long-term energy and water costs.

Part B: In-depth Environmental Proposal

Sustainable Strategy

1. Justification for the Proposal

Enhancing insulation is one of the most effective methods of energy performance and sustainability improvement in residences. The current levels of insulation at 98 Lawn Avenue, as installed, do not meet the modern standard of 100mm loft roll and uninsulated cavity walls, with large quantities of heat being lost. The most basic use of energy in homes is heating and cooling. Increasing the walls and loft's insulation minimizes energy requirements, saves carbon emissions, and provides better thermal comfort for a house Sadeghi, Mahmoudi, and Deng (2022). According to the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), well-insulated homes save between 20-30% of energy use, and thus save large amounts of money and also have a smaller environmental footprint.

Improved insulation will offset the house's reliance on a Baxi combi boiler and reduce heat loss through walls and roofs, addressing significant areas of inefficiency within the larger goals of more sustainable residential construction, energy conservation, and meeting UK government net-zero emissions targets. Immediate savings in comfort and costs and long-term resilience to changes in energy prices and environmental impacts are therefore realized. By using the Brrem method the environmental impact can be impacted more and more Breem (2022).

2. Product or Strategy Overview

The strategy proposed here has two major insulation upgrades as follows:

Internal Wall Insulation (IWI):

This will be the placing of high-performance insulation boards within the interior walls for higher retention of heat.
Materials to use can be polyurethane or PIR (Polyisocyanurate) boards, which are excellent in insulation with relatively low thickness, or environmentally friendly sheep's wool or cellulose if desired.

Loft Insulation Upgrade:

The loft insulation will be increased to the present recommended 270mm.
There is a possibility of using environment-friendly materials such as recycled wool, cellulose, or fiberglass to increase depth without a significant burden on the environment.

Each one of these options was engineered with an eye toward minimizing thermal bridging, or the flow of heat through building material, and maximizing overall efficiency of insulation.

3. Context

98 Lawn Avenue is a two-up, two-down semi-detached building from the 1930s. The construction and age of the building make it some form of premodern construction with issues such as uninsulated cavity walls and insufficient loft insulation. It has its west orientation, thus receiving much sunlight in the afternoon, meaning it will face overheating during warmer months and extra heating during winter as it loses heat.

Being compact, 144 square meters, insulation upgrade would prove a relatively low-cost option with great potential impact: fix existing weaknesses in the thermal envelope by reducing the temperature difference, stabilizing indoor conditions Adaloudis and Roca (2021). Improved insulation is more essential for the coastal town like Great Yarmouth with its significant wind pressures and weathering variability.

The benefits of improved insulation go beyond energy savings; it also enhances indoor comfort through maintaining a consistent temperature throughout the year, reduces the strain on heating and cooling systems, and prolongs their operational life. This proposal addresses wall and loft insulation to provide long-term sustainability, comfort, and energy savings for the property.

4. Installation or Function

Internal Wall Insulation (IWI) Installation

Preparation Work: Before installation, any given walls should be checked on the dampness or the structure. Any existing faults will have to be eliminated; otherwise, the caught up water may cause mold infestation or structural degradation
Applicatory of Insulation material: High-performance insulation board e.g. PIR Board is fixed to both side of the internal walls Norouzi (2021). These boards are relatively about 50-100 mm thick and provide maximum R-value without reducing substantial free space inside.
Finishing Layer: You will have the final layer of plasterboard, finishing the fit of the insulation boards. This can then be painted or papered to your desired effect.
Ventilation: Where applicable, trickle vents or even a mini ventilation system will be fitted, particularly in older buildings with solid walls, for quality of air and dampness control.

Loft Insulation

Preparation: Clean and inspect the loft space for any leak or gap in the existing insulating material. The loft has to be well ventilated so that there is not condensation.
Layering: The existing 100mm loft roll insulation shall be increased to a total of 270mm through using eco-friendly materials recycled wool or cellulose which can provide similar thermal resistivity as the conventional fiberglass, but are more ecological.
Air flow and Coverage: All the places must be covered uniformly, especially around pipes or wiring, and must have air circulation at the eaves to prevent condensation from collecting.

5. Analysis

Thermal Efficiency and Energy Savings:

Impact on Heating Demand Improved walls and roof insulation reduce heating demand because heat transfer through those walls and the roof has been reduced Azmi (2022). For example, for a house of such size, wall and loft insulation upgrades could reduce heating demand by 20%, reducing energy bills annually.
The rooms stay warm for longer periods, the heating appliances get used less often. It also avoids overheating during the warmer months by reducing the bills for cooling.
The energy usage is lowered thereby decreasing the carbon footprint of the building. Improved insulation is regarded as an essential element in sustainable construction practice as it enables the building to make a positive contribution toward local and national carbon reduction targets.

Cost-Benefit Analysis:

Initial Costs vs. Long Term Savings: Internal wall and loft insulation upgrades cost money for installation, but they're paid back through energy saving. Internal wall insulation would cost about £60-£90 per square meter, and loft insulation upgrades would be from £400-£700 Ahmad (2021). These improvements save house owners hundreds of pounds yearly, and they return the investment in 5-8 years depending on energy costs and usage.
Maintenance and Durability: Both types of insulation require negligible maintenance; the money spent will last for a long period. There is barely any settling affecting their thermal properties on PIR boards and used wool, among others.

Environmental and Health Impact:

Sustainability of Materials: The use of 'green materials' like recycled wool or cellulose helps to advance sustainability initiatives and minimize environmental impact during installation Manzoor, Othman, and Pomares, (2021). The materials being biodegradable and having a low embodied carbon footprint.
Indoor Air Quality and Comfort: Improved insulation enhances indoor air quality. As temperatures are constant, drafts and cold spots are unlikely to be present; the place will become comfortable to stay in, while the amount of risk of condensation lowers the possibility of mold growth and improves indoor air quality.
Climate Resilience: Insulated buildings will retain temperatures during heatwaves and cold snaps better than the normal ones, hence climate change resilience in terms of temperature fluctuations.

Conclusion

Proposed wall and loft upgrade at 98 Lawn Avenue is a very pragmatic step to enhance the energy efficiency of the property, ensuring its thermal comfort and environmental sustainability. These investments will enable the property to save considerably on heating and carbon emissions and reliance on energy systems. Improved insulation saves both short-term and long-term benefits for residents aligned with sustainable construction. For this reason, it therefore meets the dual goals that include energy efficiency and also environmental responsibility, hence highly recommended as a sustainable enhancement for similar properties in the future.

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