12 Pages
3061 Words
Introduction Of The Democracy Is A Legitimate Form Of Government
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According to a contemporary theorist named Saward, democracy is nothing but a political law. In this democracy there are three questions such as: who is the ruler? Where do they rule? And how do they rule? This democracy ruled the city-states in the fifth century. Here those three questions are important to investigate the meaning of those. It can provide the relationship between democracy and liberalism. Liberal democracy is the common part of democracy. But in that sense there are two criticisms that have been prevalent, one is Marxist viewpoint and the other one is demonist standpoint. Democracy is the power and rights to the citizen termed as “people's own government”. Legitimate government denotes a government that is acknowledged in a control of formal recognition and a nation. For example, if one goes to a restaurant, and pays the bill, it should be claimed that those restaurant bills are recognized as legitimate part of the business expenses. From the perception about democracy and legitimacy, it can be addressed that democracy provides a legitimate government. As the people have facilitated the democratic power to choose their own government and the power of democracy can also generate its personal support and those outcomes should not be ignored. In the political system, there are three kinds of democracy i.e., traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic. For making a state and to enforce laws most of the people obey their laws with appropriateness and ruling of laws. As the local people have the power to choose their government, so democracy can be recognized as the “legitimate form of the government''
Discussion and analysis
Political ideas
Democracy is defined as ambiguity. That ambiguity has several consequences. There are some positive and negative political ideas of democracy. According to Aristotle and Plato, democracy was based on a concept of recognition which can be ruled by the majority. In that case, the amount of poor was high, so it was denoting ruling by the poor. Men can rule by their virtue based on their wealth, they have many or few in the case of oligarchy (Arblaster, 1987, 107). For example, as the the radical model the involment of the citizetn for the radical involvement to making some decsions such as: allocating budget, several maintain terms and conditions etc. But it is an institution where the negative role of the executive power and civil liberties guarantee. As democracy is a living idea which is not a static idea it can be overthrown or break down gradually.
Contemporary democratic politics
In the United Kingdom there is a devolution which is followed in the framework of the parliamentary democracy where it is under the rule of constitutional monarchy. On the other hand, representative democracy can facilitate the indirect participation of people in the process of decision making though the election process. As per the democratic policies a device for safeguarding internal peace and for getting thr individual freedom is required. The autocratic rules is also used to increase the spiritual and cultural freedom (Hayek, 1944, 110). The entire population can meet this point. For the purpose of minority democracy there are three parts such as: minority cabinet, minority parliament and the minority administrations. The role of minority parliament is to control over a cabinet and a government system when the party coalition and a political party do not have the majority in overall seats for this legislature For example in the UK the government has been constructed by the election of peoples or citizens with having the government ideas of political democracy. In accordance with the “contemporary democratic policies” four elements are also important; those are a) a system of replacing and choosing a government through fair and free elections, b) active participation of citizens in their civic and political life, and c) protection over human rights to all the citizens.
Figure 1: Contemporary democratic policies
State legitimacy
In the part of state legitimacy the human capabilities and the human nature can be discussed and analyzed. As their human is a part of state so in the respect of state legitimacy the role and activities of humans can be focused. The views of both possibilities and desirability of the democracy which are based on the different perception of human capabilities and human nature. With the views of some social beings, individuals and theorists who can recognize the importance and significance of the community as well as their relation among others. In this case, it can be approached that human nature is changing and evolving; those are not static or fixed in nature. For example, as per several models and theories like Joseph Schumpeter, James Madison and Robert Nozick, who share many differences of notion by these the human nature can be predicted with the assumption of discussion or education in the change of facts by the nature of self-interested and self-seeking. The scholar James Madison, following the American constitution by Aristotle and Plato, focused on the concept of “rule by the poor”. Likewise In term of the holistic and the different interest the role pf parliament have been act not as a “congress of the ambassadors”. But the parliament is played as an ought to guide for the local purpose (Burke, 1774, 112).In the American Revolution, the theorist Madison pro\vided a representation of keeping power to the hands of elites with the limited of popular participation. In the respect of human nature some questions have been addressed about both democratic possibilities and the desirability. Even, the suitability and capacity of the people are also being concerned for the people of democratic participation. Those are several stare legitimations that have been briefly discussed and developed.
Theoretical perspectives
Political equality and popular control
According to David Beetham, there are several arguments and ambiguities which are in the part of democratic ideas associated with the principles of political equality and popular control. Those concepts of political equality and popular control were based on Greek origin. As per those scholars, a group of society and associations which have been described as an extent of the democracy that would fulfill two principles. Democracy does not raise any questions but always improves or diminishes. The meaning of legitimate democracy can be pointed out with maintaining the disagreements. It has also been assessed that, within the views of incontestable, the spectrum with all possibilities can be achieved. Moreover, the power of democracy, like the practicable and desirable claims should also be realized by the political equality and popular control (Barber, 1984, 114). The theorist also highlighted the link or relationship among defined democracy with several theories, views and concepts of possibility and desirability. The question of continuum then a choice or either raising doubt regarding the earlier ideas having possible democrats in this world. The roles of Marxist and Feminism are also be highlighted with the aspect of political equality and the popular control. In this way these models or theories are discussed and analyzed with the topic of democratic legitimacy.
Participatory democracy
The concept of participatory democracy is covered by the central assertion that the institution and the individuals would not be seen in isolation to each other. At national level the role of representative institutions has not been enough for democracy and for the maximum participation in the level of social training and level of socialization. The psychological qualities and the individual attitudes should also be developed. This growth or development occurred through the concept of participation. By the arguments, a strong correlation has been established between the wellbeing and health of the measure worker. The overall control and the autonomy have been analyzed in the workplace (De Vogli et al., 2007, p. 513). The employee’s participation with their ownership is the part of decision making that might be helpful to improve the health outcomes and create a link among unfairness in the workplace and the deleterious effects of health outcomes, namely heart disease. The concentration of low employment is positively associated with the participants, unfairness having high grade of unfairness likely to be poor mental and physical functioning. With respect to the renowned cooperative groups 130 employees and 41000 workers have owned “$4.9 billion US dollar”. The UK threatens high concentration of labor productivity in moving to all fronts.
Figure 2: Leadership in participatory democracy
(Source: https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/4306678df127f2cb6a29a0d0ae0c215c9377e305/17-Figure1-1.png)
Ideas and arguments
Coherence
In the part of coercion and coherence there are five types of devices such as: reference, ellipsis, lexical cohesion, substitution and conjunction. This is one of the most important parts for writing news. In this paper more emphasis is given on the clearer and understanding of this coherence in the democratic system. In the field of political democracy several steps or types have been followed such as: anaphoric References, esophoria references, linkers, anaphoric references, tense agreement and lastly substitution. For example: the quantity of social capital of a community is an exponent of coherence. For example, the participatory theory of democracy with the centrl assertion, the individuals and the institutions can never be followed. The concept of social trading and the socialization have been take place in the field of psychological qualities and increasing the attitudes (Pateman, 1970, 116). Those capital can be dependent on individuals or relatives or the social networks. This is one of the most important parts for writing news. In this paper more emphasis is given on the clearer and understanding of this coherence in the democratic system. The employees’ participation with their ownership is the part of decision making that might be helpful to improve the health outcomes and create a link among unfairness in the workplace and the deleterious effects of health outcomes, namely heart disease.
Plausibility
The concept of plausibility is based on an informal or formal “chain of command” which mostly indicates the ability of the people and the senior officials. With the basis of the organizational hierarchy all the responsibilities and the knowledge in taking the demandable actions can be taken care of. It can happen because of absence or lack of evidence which can confirm the participation, moreover those are involved at least to the willfully ignorant in the actions. When the illegal activities or the unpopular activities become viral or public, the higher authority might deny those acts. The lack of evidence cannot provide any proof to those actions. Then the higher authority cannot be able to take any action against those actions or the activities. This concept is most significant in the field of political democracy and the legitimate form of government. Intelligence can be covered with many sources “including human resources”. In the disclosure most of the people are privileged. The plausibility involves chain of the command rules, power structure and providing of enough information. The meaning of legitimate democracy can be pointed out with maintaining the disagreements. It has also been assessed that, within the views of incontestable, the spectrum with all possibilities can be achieved. Moreover, the power of democracy, like the practicable and desirable claims should also be realized by the political equality and popular control. The theorist also highlighted the link or relationship among defined democracy with several theories, views and concepts of possibility and desirability.
Potential consequences
As per the UK political democracy, representative democracy has two features. Firstly, those people who are elected for serving in the parliament are termed as the representative, those have been sent to examine, think and debate or decide in order to their constituents. On the other hand, representative democracy has been structured for ensuring all the decisions are consequential and complex matters which cannot be arrived at in the hasty, populist, uniformed and emotional ways (“Grayling, 2016”). According to several scholars, parliament is not to be seen as the “congress of ambassadors” to be hostile and the different interests that resulted on the maintenance, as an advocate and agent, over other advocates and agents. But in those cases the parliament acts as a deliberative assembly with individual interest rather than that of the whole resulting from general reason at the whole. With the model of limited and thin democracy, the advocates wish for the majority as well as the individual's rights which can be balanced by a rule of the law embodied in a constitution with the power of limit in the democratic majority. Along with the states can entertain their individual freedom. Moreover it can be discussed that, this representative democracy can allow all the citizens by saying those people who represent them have to stay with limited say in taking decisions that are actually created.
Figure 3: Potential consequences of democracy
(Source: http://www.unicist-school.org/future-research/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/unicist-evolution-of-ideologies-1.jpg)
The validity of their assumptions
For the steps of assumption, there are four keys are available in the democratic culture those are: firstly, a process for replacing and choosing the government though the method or system of elections, secondly, all the participants agave to participate in the voting system or the election process to make the government, and finally the human rights should be protected for all the citizens. A real law has to be made for those constructions and to build a democratic culture in the political democracy. On the other hand, five characteristics would be prevented for this legitimate democracy i.e., elected representative, civil liberties, independent judiciary and rule of the law. Those five steps of the democracies have to be followed in the UK democratic system. The validity of assumption can include different methods and techniques in practicing the action programs. The concept like aristocracy assumption denotes means and ways of validating those assumptions. The means of those assumptions have to seem as evident in the modes of the validation. When the illegal activities or the unpopular activities become viral or public, the higher authority might deny those acts. The lack of evidence cannot provide any proof to those actions. Then the higher authority cannot be able to take any action against those actions or the activities.
Conclusion
In this assignment of political democracy and the legitimate form of government it can be addressed that it is all about a long journey in the democratic system, and the extension of which has been changed. The concept of liberal democracy should be ignored in the context of democracy. In this project, it is also important to carry the actual definition of the democracy along with the powerful argument associated with the original definition of the democracy. Without a proper ideas and political system, the people would not be motivated in order to struggle for the purpose of democratic culture. For example, if one goes to a restaurant, and pays the bill, it should be claimed that those restaurant bills are recognized as legitimate part of the business expenses. From the perception about democracy and legitimacy, it can be addressed that democracy provides a legitimate government. As the people have facilitated the democratic power to choose their own government and the power of democracy can also generate its personal support and those outcomes should not be ignored.
Reference list
Journals
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Galston, W.A., 2018. The populist challenge to liberal democracy. Journal of Democracy, 29(2), pp.5-19.
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