Leadership, Management Style, And Organizational Performance Assignment Sample

Introduction of Leadership, Management Style, And Organisational Performance Assignment

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Leadership is a concept that is subject to a wide range of interpretations. The notion itself is the source of these disparities. Many elements, including employee engagement and involvement of employees' views in decision-making, are considered to be important components of leadership. When it comes to organisational behaviour, a leader is a person who has authority and influence over the organization. There has been a shift in thinking about what it means to be a leader and how it relates to organisational success in recent years (Abbas et al., 2021). A person's willingness and motivation for participating in an organization's activities are heavily influenced by how they see the organization's ability to aid in achieving those aims.

Workplace participation is typically influenced by the leadership style of the organization's leaders (Akuffo and Kivipõld., 2021). As a result, managers look for styles of leadership that connect with their workers' goals. In addition to influencing employee loyalty, leadership styles have a significant impact on organizational productivity in that they have a direct correlation to how well employees are able to use organisational resources. In this module the impact of covid-19 has been considered. There are organizations which have faced several challenges and also there were some opportunities that have been also considered in this module. With the digitalization the industries have engaged with technology and are able to connect with the people directly. The global pandemic has accelerated the growth of digitalisation in organisations. The research will determine how covid 19 have impacted the leadership approaches.

 Rationale

It is no secret that we live in a quickly evolving globalised world. The UK is now dealing with a number of social and political issues that impact both the country's public and private realms. Social and economic difficulties (such as joblessness, skewed income division, as well as cracks in the federal framework) AUG led to social and political imbalances in the public sector. Correspondingly, as a result of these issues in the public sector, the UK still confronts a number of environmental concerns that affect the country's water supplies, aquatic life, as well as the cleanliness of its air conditions (Alhashedi et al., 2021).

In light of the government's inability to address all of the UK's social and economic demands or handle the nation's complex economic difficulties, it has become important to engage private sector participation in moving the country forward. However, private businesses confront a number of obstacles, including cultural differences, succession politics, a lack of money, nepotism, and other issues. Management and leadership styles have a significant influence in addressing many of these national issues. The leaders have played an important role in overcoming some of these problems, which is one of the main reasons for adopting this strategy. As a result, it is not unexpected that the study topics for this work are mainly private and public. Accordingly, the study aims to examine how government and private sector Institutions are attempting to increase productivity and efficiency by adopting good management and leadership styles. By learning about the distinctions between government and private sectors in the UK, it is possible to see how local businesses ASDAbecome more competitive as well as efficient in the face of global rivalry.

Research Aim

The aim of this research is to investigate the leadership styles used by UK companies with special reference to ASDA to meet the challenges of today's global marketplace.

Research objectives

• To discover the finest approaches to leadership throughout the UK.
• To determine whether the government and industry in the UK need distinct types of leadership.
• To analyse the impact of covid-19 on the organisation of the UK with special Reference to ASDA.
• To consider the various challenges faced by the leaders of ASDA.

Literature Review

This chapter focuses on prior studies on the relationship between management and leadership styles. An investigation into the dominant style of leadership in the UK government and the private sector has been conducted in this section, which examines the optimum operational procedures that support sound management, the difference among styles of leadership throughout the government and industry, as well as what it means to be aware of one's leadership style.

The finest approaches to leadership throughout the UK

Many analysts have questioned whether the sort of leadership style is most suited for an organization based on its environment. As per the opinion of Ali and Anwar (2021), Since there are so many distinct leadership approaches as well as corporate objectives in the UK, this topic comes up often. Understanding the theoretical basis of leadership is at the core of our investigation. Leadership is a multifaceted notion that has spawned several ideas, theories, as well as operational perspectives throughout the years. Initially, theorists attempted to determine whether or not leadership was an inherent attribute or a learned one (DIANA et al., 2021). One method that emerged from this argument is known as the trait hypothesis, which holds that leadership is an intrinsic (inborn) quality.

Determine whether the government and industry in the UK need distinct types of leadership.

The government has focused on the function of good leadership and management which helps to obtain sustainable economic growth. According to Haq et al., (2021), Strong leadership and management is one of the main factors in incorporating innovation and potentiality of the workforce. They have ensured the organisations should foster the right strategies to boost productivity and growth. The government is encouraging the process by developing a framework for the growth and sustainability of the business with much potential.

The government has taken some initiatives such as the growth accelerator Programme, the Growth and Innovation Fund to encourage business. It has enabled them to study other business and assist in self-reliance and dynamism (Leadership in UK, 2022). The employees are required to be the driving forces within the organisation to make some major improvements and emphasise the existing leadership practices. They should be prepared to implement changes wherever necessary and invest wisely. The organisations that are ready to adapt themselves to take appropriate actions will gain better and the survival rates are higher and it will enhance employee motivation. The majority of organisations will claim to know what successful leadership and management look like and to be able to name individuals who possess the abilities and traits they value. Additionally, they claim to understand the positive effects of competent management on an organisation.

performance. This claim is well supported by the fact that historically, our greatest corporate executives have fostered economic growth and wealth. Leaders who exercise absolute power rule with an iron grip. They set all rules and regulations, and no matter what, what they say is final. In high-stress situations where lack of clarity and inactivity could be detrimental to an organisation, this leadership style can be polarising and run the risk of abandoning team members.

There's a reason Margaret Thatcher, the country's first female prime minister, was dubbed "The Iron Lady." She had little tolerance for political compromise, and as a result, the public's perception of her was divided. Margaret Thatcher was a great force to be reckoned with when she set goals. Thatcher was able to build strong political connections thanks to her reputation and management style, which gave Britain a potent position in international affairs.

Transformational leadership has the inspiration and courage to obtain the comfort zone. In this style it motivates the staff to adapt to the change which will frame the future success. It is effective and incorporates an ethical environment with values and priorities. The laissez faire leadership is the most effective one which emphasises on the autonomy of the subordinate. The laissez faire leader encourages the employees to utilise the creativity and resources.

The selection of leadership is influenced by a number of elements, including the desire to participate, the amount of dedication, and the significance of monitoring in effecting the results of organisational activities (Hilton, Arkorful, and Martins., 2021).

Analysing the impact of covid-19 on the organisation of the UK

Many organisations and people have struggled or have been unable to handle the rapidity of change they have encountered as a result of COVID-19, which has created a powerful platform for change in many unforeseen sectors. According to the view of Bardet et al., (2021), businesses have been forced to operate differently, and in order for organisations to survive, business procedures have to alter quickly because the majority of employees have to work remotely or from home . In this post, we'll look at some of those effects and how organisations are using change management more frequently to help them adjust to the new normal. Since COVID-19's effects have begun to disappear, organisations are now operating "normally."

As per the opinion of Jiang and Stylos (2021), as the global pandemic rises in the world, the world has also engaged with digitalization. The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted Digital platforms used in the retail sector, including big data, clever algorithms, mobile apps, location-based services, the internet of things, and many more, which have been crucial to the success of the industry. After the COVID 19 pandemic, the retail sector is ranked third in terms of the adoption of AI technology. The use of AI makes it simpler for organisations to focus on consumer needs and find transparent, effective solutions to their problems. It offers effective customer care, notifies users when new collections are available, and makes recommendations for related products. By establishing pricing and product positioning, artificial intelligence aids retailers in better demand forecasting. By offering clients efficient goods and services that helped merchants raise their brand profile and increase customer satisfaction, the application of artificial intelligence has improved the retail sector.

In a competitive industry, it is critical to comprehend the wants and needs of the consumer. Data analytics involves tracking developing items, predicting demand and consumer purchasing trends, and analysing sales. During the COVID-19 epidemic, it aided in strengthening their brand values. This helps increase the business, during the COVID 19 epidemic, projecting future performance, pricing, and consumer happiness, among other things. The effectiveness of digitalization allows for the visualisation of the brand image. Using powerful tools and digital technology, the organisations increase brand visibility. They are able to meet the demands and tastes of the clients.

Considering the various challenges faced by the leaders of ASDA

More than 250 million people in the UK are employed in the retail industry, which plays an important role in the country's economy. Retail sales in the retail sector were more than $300 billion in 2019. However, the COVID-19 pandemic's spread has had a severe impact on their business. All retail sectors were closed down due to a lockdown that the UK government imposed over the entire nation. Sales have decreased and income levels have decreased since the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was enacted. In comparison to internet businesses, the UK government's declaration of a shutdown in March 2020 with various restrictions caused significant losses for physical shops. Several employees lost their employment as a result of the pandemic. As a result, the company could not run without its personnel, which had an impact on their performance and productivity.

Similar results of employment were lost throughout the pandemic; the COVID-19 epidemic resulted in almost 130000 job losses. The total revenue fell by more than 1.8% in 2020 compared to 2019, which was the worst drop in a decade. The success of digital business during the COVID-19 epidemic was greater than 30%. As per Bardet et al., (2020), it was discovered that the COVID-19 epidemic and public health had a significant impact on the world economies. Government restrictions were imposed, such as lockdown limits and social isolation, which changed the way that customers made purchases. As a result, during the COVID 19 epidemic, the retail sector recorded the lowest sales. As there were no sales in the retail sector during the epidemic, the industry had to maintain staff salaries and pay taxes, which had an impact on its productivity since there was no source of income. The pandemic induced lockdowns and social withdrawal, which had an impact on consumer purchasing behaviour. The new ways of living have been adopted by individuals. Customers were prohibited from entering the retail sector by lockdowns and the social distancing command of "stay home, keep safe.”

Methodology

Research Methods

The phrase "research method" describes the overall approaches and procedures used by a researcher to complete a project. It covers every stage of the research process, from initial hypotheses to theoretical justification of research topics (Lê & Schmid, 2022). Multiple research methodologies, including mixed, qualitative, and quantitative, are available to researchers. The researcher has chosen a mixed approach for the research that follows, which will represent aspects of both research methodologies and improve the quality of the study while also making it extremely critical. The qualitative research strategy offers more freedom for carrying out the research task and enables the researcher to gather opinions from target groups and evaluate changes in their behaviour. There is a lot of potential for impact in qualitative research, either deliberately or unconsciously, that can alter the overall effectiveness of the research activity. When choosing samples, researchers are susceptible to pressure to ensure the success of their overall study project.

The quantitative research approach should be focused on focusing just on the quantity of respondents, and the research work ASDA not is ideal owing to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the themes included in the research. The key benefit of employing a quantitative research approach is that it will assist the student in comprehending the project's goal and preparing the overall project by concentrating on the goals, which will aid in gaining a thorough comprehension of the research topics.

Research philosophy

The research philosophy is a viewpoint on how the phenomenon's data should be gathered, examined, and applied. It is crucial because specific research reveals the researcher's presumptions about the subject matter, which in turn influence the decisions made about the technique, data analysis, and interpretation. Research philosophy examines the origins, nature, and progression of knowledge (Žukauskas et al., 2018). Research philosophy is just a perspective on how knowledge about a phenomenon should be gathered, analysed, and applied. Research philosophy is organised into three groups: Positivism, Interpretivism and realism. The various functions of research philosophy are

The following crucial three roles of philosophy are significant in business and economics:

• Demystifying: Outlining, critiquing, and clarifying any faulty premises, contradictions, or ambiguities that AUG be present.
• Informing: Assisting in making researchers aware of potential avenues they could go while also assisting them in understanding where they fit into the larger field of knowledge-producing activities.
• Method-facilitating is the process of dissecting and better comprehending the methods that economists or, more broadly, scientists use or potentially employ in order to improve the methods available and/or make their usage guidelines clear.

Here the researcher will choose the Realism method for conducting the research. The qualitative approach is prioritised in this research philosophy over the quantitative approach. The researcher will choose the realism approach to gather more scientific information by observing the various leadership styles and approaches. Realism places a strong emphasis on knowledge that is both practical and useful (Ryan, 2019). Only this kind of knowledge can help someone succeed in life. Even though the educational goals set forth by realism, ASDA will not be all that lofty, they are nonetheless quite beneficial and significant. A very important goal is to cultivate a dynamic and flexible mind that can deal with many events in life.

Research approach:

There are two sorts of research methodologies: "inductive approach" and "deductive approach." Analysing qualitative data is a systematic technique used in the inductive approach. The objectives are specifically evaluated in this strategy. The scientific method is composed of deductive reasoning (Mohajan, 2018). This is based on empirical research .In this method, the researcher explores the leadership styles and approaches in the UK as an existent reality and tests the hypothesis. The researcher will choose the inductive approach to conduct the research . When conducting research on a subject for which there is scant or no literature already available, the researcher will often use the inductive method. In this kind of investigation, the researcher starts by observing facts and develops a theory once the study is complete. The information a researcher must gather from various sources can be given meaning thanks to inductive reasoning. For the most part, the researcher uses an inductive method of inquiry to examine patterns and comprehend the connections between the study's many elements. For the purpose of developing a hypothesis, understanding how the study's many factors interact is crucial. The primary advantage of applying inductive reasoning in research is one can change the course of direction in the research.

Research ethics

While conducting the research the researcher has to focus on the ethical considerations. The various sources that were used by the researcher should not be copied from the original sources such as books, articles and journals. The researcher has to abide by the Data protection ACT (2018) while handling the sources. While conducting the survey it should be kept in mind that the participants should not be harmed or bullied during the survey. All the participants should be informed earlier before conducting the survey. It must be kept in mind that the participants should be given the autonomy to refuse any question that they don't like. The data collected must be reliable and accurate. The privacy of the participants should be maintained.

Data collection

This research uses a secondary data gathering strategy. The information comes from a variety of sources, including books, journals, and databases, as well as websites like Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. The researcher will use the information that is already available to improve the effectiveness of the investigation. The validity and trustworthiness of the work will be improved as a result (Motjolopane., 2021).

Sampling

Every action that a researcher suggested or mentioned in the project's sample plan is included in the sampling strategy. In order to provide a more convenient research outcome, the researcher adopted a convenience sampling approach. The convenience method is based on sampling because it determines the outcome as quickly as feasible, it is the least expensive sampling technique, is simple to implement, and offers qualitative data on the research topics. The sample flaws in the approach can also have an impact on the entire research. There are various types of sampling and they are random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The researcher will choose the stratified sampling in this project. Stratified sampling entails breaking the population up into smaller groups that might have significant differences. By ensuring that each subgroup is fairly represented in the sample, it enables you to reach more accurate findings.

By dividing the population into smaller groups, or strata, according to the relevant trait, you can employ this sampling technique (e.g. gender, age range, income bracket, job role)

Sample size:

 The research will be conducted upon 20 employees of ASDa to gather information about how they were affected by the global pandemic.

Timeline

Activities	Starting date	Ending date	Duration (Days)
Setting up aims and objectives	01-AuG-2022	04-AUG-2022	4
Preparing questionnaire for the survey	05-AUG-2022	09-AUG-2022	5
Giving the questionnaire to the sample population	10-AUG-2022	15-AUG-2022	6
Collecting data	16-AUG-2022	20-AUG-2022	5
Preparing thematic table for secondary research	21-AUG-2022	25-AUG-2022	5
Finding and analysis of data	26-AUG-2022	31-AUG-2022	6
Giving recommendations based on results	01-SEP-2022	04-SEP-2022	4

Table No 1: Timeline

(Source: created by the learner)

Figure No 1: Timeline

(Source: created by the learner)

Project costing

<td ">08/08/22

Tasks	Start date	End date	Costs
Analysing the secondary resources	05/07/22	£ 5,000
Conducting the survey	9/08/2022	12/08/2022	£ 3,000
Travel expenses	08/07/2022	12/08/2022	£ 4,000
Equipment costs	09/08/2022	15/08/2022	£ 2000

Conclusion

A quickly changing and dynamic environment puts pressure on current leaders to embrace good leadership styles that will help their organizations stay competitive. Because of the lack of creativity and innovation in the UK workplace, the majority of managers are underutilizing their personnel. Managers in the UK need to quit creating an unfavorable atmosphere in which organizations fail and instead concentrate on building a caring environment in which they can unleash employee potential. The goal of transformational leadership is to inspire and empower people to actively contribute to the success of the organization as a whole. As a result of this leadership style, most companies in the UK would gradually lose their ability to command their employees via the use of authority.

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Declaration

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Required for All Coursework

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